高考英语语法专项训练：第12讲名词性从句

　　介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如： It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A. who

　　B. whoever

　　C. whom

　　D. whomever

　　解析：答案是A。 返回目录 考点七．“介词+who(m)/……引导的宾语从句” 引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如： China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.

　　A. what

　　B. which

　　C. 不填

　　D. it that 解析：答案是C。

　　考点八、连接词that的省略。 要点知识

　　一．主语从句

　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it构成强调句的比较

　　It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it构成强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

　　It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句

　　It is a fact that …

　　事实是…

　　It is an honor that

　　…非常荣幸

　　It is common knowledge that

　　…是常识 (2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句

　　It is natural that…

　　很自然…

　　It is strange that…

　　奇怪的是… 返回目录 (3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句

　　It seems that…

　　似乎…

　　It happened that…

　　碰巧…

　　It appears that…

　　似乎… (4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句

　　It is reported that…

　　据报道…

　　It has been proved that…

　　已证实…

　　It is said that…

　　据说…

　　4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

　　what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

　　1) What you said yesterday is right.

　　2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

　　It is right what you said yesterday. It is a consolation that she is still alive. × √

　　二．宾语从句

　　宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：

　　I heard that he joined the army.

　　(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

　　She did not know what had happened.

　　I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

　　(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

　　She told me that she would accept my invitation. 返回目录 2. 作介词的宾语，例如：

　　Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：

　　I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

　　anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

　　4. it 可以作为形式宾语

　　it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：

　　We think it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 返回目录 5. 否定的转移

　　若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

　　I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 返回目录

　　三．表语从句

　　表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如： 返回目录 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

　　四．同位语从句 1. 同位语从句的功能

　　同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

　　1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

　　2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

　　同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 2. 同位语在句子中的位置

　　同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

　　返回目录 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 返回目录

　　2017年 高考总复习 高考链接

　　体验 考点梳理

　　精讲 要点知识

　　点拨

　　名词性从句

　　名词性从句

　　名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。 返回目录 1. What was most important to her，she told

　　me，was her family. 2. China is no longer what she used to be. 3. A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 4. It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 5. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 6. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.

　　主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 7. The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 8.The problem is that we don’t have much time left. 9. That’s where they are mistaken. 10.The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get. 11. The how－to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.

　　定语从句 表语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 高考

　　体验 返回目录 1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,37)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know______.

　　A. he is entering which lane

　　B. which lane he is entering

　　C. is he entering which lane

　　D. which lane is he entering

　　【答案】B 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。 返回目录 2.(2010高考英语浙江卷,9)It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

　　A．that

　　B．what

　　C．how

　　D．whether

　　【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。 It是形式主语, 空格处引导主语从句，从句中主语需要加上修饰此what才完整，所以这里选B项。

　　返回目录 3.(2010高考英语天津卷,14)As a new graduate, he doesn’t know

　　______ it takes to start a business here. A. how

　　B. what

　　C. When

　　D. which

　　【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：“作为新毕业生，他不知道在这儿开创事业都需要什么。” 宾语从句暗含it takes…to do sth句型，因此应用what引导宾语从句并充当从句中动词take的宾语。

　　返回目录 4.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,38)There is no obvious evidence ______ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.

　　A．which

　　B．that C．how D．where

　　【答案】B 【解析】名词性从句。此处是that引导同位语从句对evidence进行具体的说明。语意：没有明显的证据表明在太阳系能其他行星上有生命存在。据此选B项。

　　返回目录 5.(2010上海春, 33)Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know ______

　　the company was an established one.

　　A．whether

　　B．what

　　C．until

　　D．although

　　【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。语意：Tina对所提供的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。 返回目录 6. (2010高考英语陕西卷,18)It never occurred to me _______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

　　A. which

　　B. what

　　C. that

　　D. if

　　【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It occurs to sb that…的意思为“某人突然想到……”其中that引导主语从句，it为形式主语，指代that从句的具体内容。

　　返回目录 考点梳理

　　精讲 返回目录 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如

　　____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. What; what

　　B. What; that

　　C. That; that

　　D. That; what

　　解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语

　　答案是A。 返回目录 考点一、连接词what与that的用法区别。 ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What

　　B. That

　　C. How

　　D. Where 答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。 试对比下面句子：

　　That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.

　　返回目录 通常，引导主语从句、表语从句、介词宾语从句 同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯 也只能说whether or not，而不说if …or not。

　　例如： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever

　　B. If

　　C. Whether

　　D. That

　　返回目录 考点二

　　连接词whether和if的用法区别。 与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。 You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited

　　B. how excited

　　they were C. how excited were they

　　D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于从句句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。 返回目录 考点三、名词性从句的语序。 当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。 动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。例如: ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

　　A. There

　　B. This

　　C. That

　　D. It 答案是D。 think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如： Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.

　　返回目录 考点四、形式主语、形式宾语。 一般说来，what/who等含有特指意义，而whatever/whoever 等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如： It is generally considered unwise to give

　　a child ____ he or she wants. however

　　B. whatever

　　C. whichever

　　D. whenever

　　解析：答案是B，想一想？ 这里whatever能改用no matter what吗？ 返回目录 考点五、Who / whoever, what / whatever 等的用法区别。 Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性 从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why

　　B. when

　　C. that

　　D. where

　　解析：答案是A，之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。 考点六、Where, when, why等连接副词 引导的名词性从句。