高中英语词法复习汇总：虚拟语气

　　11．虚拟语气

　　1. If she had worked harder, she______.

　　A. would succeed

　　B. had succeeded

　　C. should succeed

　　D. would have succeeded

　　答：D。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：从句用过去完成式(had done)，主句用would (should，might，could)+现在完成式(havedone)的形式。

　　2. I wish I_________ you yesterday.

　　A. seen

　　B. did see

　　C. had seen

　　D. were to see

　　答：C。wish后接虚拟浯气的从句，若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去式，若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去完成式，若表示与将来事实相反的愿望，谓语用would+动词原形．如：I wish I were ten years younger now 我希望我现在年轻十岁。I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望我将成为一名科学家。

　　3. If my lawyer__________ here last Saturday, he__________ me from going.

　　A. had been, would have prevented

　　B. had been. would prevent

　　C. were, would prevent

　　D. were, would have prevented

　　答：A．从时间状语last Saturday可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

　　4. Without electricity human life___________ quite different today.

　　A. is

　　B. will be

　　C. would have been

　　D. would be

　　答：D。此题考查的足虚拟语气的含蓄条件句，从时间状语today可判断是与现在事实相反的虚极语气。

　　5. —If he_______, he_______ that food.

　　—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

　　A. was warned, would not take

　　B. had been warned, would not have taken

　　C. would be warned, had not taken

　　D. would have been warned, had not taken

　　答：B。从 Luckily he was sent to...可判断前一句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

　　6.

　　I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps 1 ___________ for her.

　　A. had to write it out

　　B. must have written it out

　　C. should have written it out

　　D. ought to write it out

　　答：C。 should have done表示本来应该做但事实上没有做的事，表现出遗憾，责备。埋怨的语气。

　　7. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

　　A. has come

　　B. did come

　　C. came

　　D. had come

　　答：D。从主句 she would have met.. 可判断是与过去事实相反的虚报语气。

　　8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it___________

　　A. breaks

　　B. has broken

　　C. were broken

　　D. had been broken

　　答：C。从句的时态可说明是与现在事实相反的虚报语气。

　　9. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you ________so tired.

　　A. drove, didn’t get

　　B. drove, wouldn’t get

　　C. were driving, wouldn’t

　　D. had driven, wouldn’t have got

　　答：D。从You didn’t let me drive 时态可知是与过去相反的虚报语气。

　　10. If I had_______, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.

　　A. a long enough holiday

　　B. an enough long holiday

　　C. a holiday enough long

　　D. a long holiday enough

　　答：A。enough做副词用时，放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。

　　11. The two strangers talked as if they ________ friends for years.

　　A. should be

　　B. would be

　　C. have been

　　D. had been

　　答：D。从句子中时态talked可知asif引导的从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，另外for years也是判断此答的重要信息。

　　12. ________it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.

　　A. Were

　　B. Should

　　C. Would

　　D. Will

　　答：B。为虚拟语气的倒装句，相当于 If it should rain tomorrow 万一明天下雨。

　　13.

　　Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______, too cold for us to live.

　　A. would be freezing

　　B. will be freezing

　　C. would be frozen cold

　　D. can freeze coldly

　　答：A。此题考查的是虚拟浯气的含蓄条件句，所谓含蓄条件句就是条件从句井非是用if引导的从句来表示的，而是通过上下文或介词短语来表示的。如：Under favora-ble conditions, we could have finished the work ahead of time. 要是在更有利的条件下，我们就会提前完成这项工作。He could have come, but he was busy then. =If he had not been busy then, he could have come.

　　14. If only he _________ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

　　A. lies

　　B. lay

　　C. had lain

　　D. should lie

　　答：C。此题考查的是虚拟浯气的错综时间条件句，从句和主句在时间上不一致，从句所表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟，而主句表示的是与现在事实相反的虚拟。

　　15. —We could have gone there by bus.

　　—Yes, otherwise we _______ late.

　　A. weren’t

　　B. hadn’t been

　　C. couldn’t be

　　D. couldn’t have been

　　答：D。We could have gone there by bus 意为“我们本来是能够坐汽车去那里”，但实际上并没有坐汽车去那里，相当于 We didn’t go there by bus。若将这一真实情况变成一个与事实相反的嵌设，则为If we had gone there by bus, we couldn’t have been late。

　　16. The teacher demanded that the exam______

　　before eleven.

　　A. must finish

　　B. would be finished

　　C. be finished

　　D. must be finished

　　答：C。在表示请求、命令、建议、要求的词后的从句中应使用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。如：He suggested that we be there in time.

　　17. I wouldn’t have succeeded___________ for his help then.

　　A. hadn’t it been

　　B. were it not

　　C. had it been not

　　D. had it not been

　　答：D。此题考查对虚拟语气倒装的掌握。if it weren’t for...和if it hadn’t been for…表示“多亏，要不是……的情况下”，也可用but for短语来表示。这两个句型倒装时仅需记住一句话：not总在“之后。如：We wouldn’t have finished the work had it not been for his help.要不是他的帮助，我们就不能完成这项工作。

　　18. If it ______for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday.

　　A. were not, could have climbed

　　B. were not. could climb

　　C. had not been, could have climbed

　　D. had not been, could climb

　　答：C。根据yesterday这一信息词，可判断是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

　　19. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she________ something she would regret later.

　　A. had said

　　B. said

　　C. might say

　　D. might have said

　　答：D。此题考查虚拟语气的含蓄条件句，相当于 If Jane had not walked away from the discussion, she might have said something she would regret later.

　　20. I’d rather he________ here.

　　A. come

　　B. comes

　　C. came

　　D. will come

　　答：C。①would rather (not)do ... 接省去to的不定式。②would rather后接从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语常用过去式。

　　21. It’s high time you___________ there.

　　A. go

　　B. went

　　C. would go

　　D. would have gone

　　答：B。It’s time接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语常用过去式，表示“早就该做”。

　　22. If he had listened carefully, he ________ the problem now.

　　A. can work ont

　　B. could work out

　　C. could have worked out

　　D. can have worked out

　　答：B。now为重要信息，可判断此题考查虚拟语气的错综时间条件句。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

　　23.

　　If only I ______ as young as you are!

　　A. being

　　B. am

　　C. be

　　D. were

　　答：D。If引导的感叹句中用虚拟语气，谓语用过去式。

　　24. It is necessary that he________ there in time.

　　A. is

　　B. was

　　C. were

　　D. be

　　necessary

　　natural

　　desirable

　　advisable

　　答：D。It is

　　strange

　　that + (should) +

　　a pity

　　动词原形的结

　　a shame

　　构，表示惊奇、

　　no wonder

　　不相信、惋惜、

　　important

　　理应如此等。

　　如：It was a pity / a shame / no wonder that you should be so careless.

　　It is necessary / important / natural / desirable / advisable / strange that we should clean the room every day.

　　25. My advice is that he________ there at once.

　　A. go

　　B. goes

　　C. went

　　D. going

　　答：advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(shoul)+动词原形“。如We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to the Summer Palace.

　　26. What should we do if it_______tomorrow?

　　A. should snow

　　B. would snow

　　C. snow

　　D. will snow

　　答：A。 if it should snow 万一下雪

　　27. He ______ the test, but he wasn’t careful enough.

　　A. could have passed

　　B. were able to pass

　　C. must have passed

　　D. might be able to pass

　　答：A。此题考查虚拟语气的含蓄条件句。 he wasn’t careful enough )为真实情况，若变成与实际相反的假设，应是 If he had been careful enough, he could have passed。

　　28. —Have you ever been to Beijing?

　　—No, but I wish I_________.

　　A. have

　　B. will

　　C. do

　　D. had

　　答：D.相当于 I wish I had ever been to Beijing.

　　29. Mother suggested we _________ TV before we have finished our homework.

　　A. not watching

　　B. not to watch

　　C. didn’t watch

　　D. not watch

　　答：D。suggest后接“(should) +动词原形”的虚拟语气。

　　30. The doctor’s words suggested that the old man ___________ seriously iii.

　　A. be

　　B. was

　　C. were

　　D. to be

　　答：B。suggest此处作“暗示，表明”解，后边从句不用虚拟语气。

　　31. Our English teacher insisted that it ___________ important to study English well.

　　A. be

　　B. was

　　C. is

　　D. to he

　　答：B。insist作“强调’解时，后边的从句不用虚拟语气。若作·坚持，主张”解后边的从句用虚拟语气，其谓语用“(should) +动词原形”的形式。

　　32. If you ______ at school, you ______ a college student now.

　　A. had studied hard, would have been

　　B. should have studied hard, should have been

　　C. had studied hard. would be

　　D. would study hard, must have been

　　答:B。此题为虚拟语气的错综时间条件句，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

　　33. —We could have walked to the station, it was so near.

　　—Yes. A taxi ________at all necessary.

　　A. wasn’t

　　B. hadn’t been

　　C. wouldn’t be

　　D. won’t be

　　答：A。出租车役必要是真实情况。

　　34. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the train.

　　A. have caught

　　B. had caught

　　C. could have caught

　　D. were to catch

　　答：C。名词短语+and…句式，相当于 If we had started out a few minutes earlier, we could have caught the train.

　　35. I ________ you some money, but ] hadn’t any on me then.

　　A. would lend

　　B. would have lent

　　C. could lend

　　D. may have lent

　　答：B。 but 1 hadn’t any on me then为真实情况，若变成与实际相反酶靛设，应为If I had had money on me then I would have lent you some money.

　　36. She made the demand that she _____ at once.

　　A. leave

　　B. leaves

　　C. left

　　D. to be left

　　答：A。demand后的同位语从句或表语从句应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略。

　　37. The young man insisted that he_________ nothing wrong and _________ free.

　　A. did, set

　　B. had done, should be set

　　C. do, be set

　　D. had done, must be set

　　答：B。此句意为：“那位年轻人强调说他没有做过什么错事，并且坚持应释放他。”insist作“坚持，主张”解应用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气，若作“强调”解时，不用虚拟结构。

　　38. —1 be free tomorrow, I could go with you.

　　A. Could

　　B. Should

　　C. Might

　　D. Must

　　答：B。should表示“万一”。此句意为“万一我明天有空，我就和你一起去。”