重庆市北大附中重庆实验学校高三英语《高考英语语法：虚拟语气》课件

　　虚拟语气的 “四种形式”及“三点注意”

　　高三英语总复习语法训练材料

　　虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道： If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier.

　　A. will be

　　B. would have been

　　C. could have been

　　D. would be

　　一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式 （1）条件从句+主句 （2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型 （3）wish, as if 及if only 的虚拟形式 （4）It is time that 的虚拟形式 二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象 （1）含蓄条件句 （2）时间错综句 （3）虚实错综句 时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式 从句 主句 现在 动词过去式 （be 多用were） would / should / could / might + 动词原形

　　过去 had + 过去分词 would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词 将来 动词过去式或 should / were to + 动词原形 would / should / could / might + 动词原形 1.The rice ______ if you had been more careful.

　　A. would not be burning

　　B. would not burn

　　C. would not have burnt

　　D. would not burnt 2.If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.

　　A. had been ; would have prevented

　　B. had been ; would prevent

　　C. were ; would prevent

　　D. were ; would have prevented 3.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______ she would have met my brother.

　　A. has come

　　B. did come

　　C. came

　　D. had come 4.______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

　　A. If it is not

　　B. Were it not

　　C. Had it not been

　　D. If they have not 5.You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.

　　A. drove ; didn’t get

　　B. drove ; wouldn’t get

　　C. were driving ; wouldn’t get

　　D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 6.If she had worked harder, she ______.

　　A. would succeed

　　B. had succeeded

　　C. should succeed

　　D. would have succeed 7. — If he ______, he ______ that food.

　　— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

　　A. was warned ; would not take

　　B. had been warned ; would not have taken

　　C. would be warned ; had not taken

　　D. would have been warned ; had not taken 8.If it ______ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.

　　A. will rain

　　B. rains

　　C. would rain

　　D. should rain 9.______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

　　A. Were

　　B. Should

　　C. Would

　　D. Will 10.If I ______ you, I would not do it.

　　A. am

　　B. were

　　C. shall be

　　D. being 1. 动词 + 宾语从句

　　一个坚持：insist; 两个命令：order, command; 三个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require

　　I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans.

　　I suggest that we (should) set off at once.

　　I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him.

　　虚拟语气形式：(should) + 动词原形 2. It is (was) + 上述动词的过去分词 + that 主语从句

　　It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.

　　It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party. 3. It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that 主语从句

　　It is best that he (should) set off at once.

　　It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts.

　　虚拟语气形式：(should) + 动词原形 4. order 等 + be + 表语从句

　　My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor.

　　Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go.

　　His only request is that you (should) give him more time. 5. order 等 + 同位语从句

　　Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?

　　上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea, command, request等。

　　虚拟语气形式： (should) + 动词原形 1.I insist that a doctor ______ immediately.

　　A. has been sent for

　　B. sends for

　　C. will be sent for

　　D. be sent for 2.It is suggested that the job ______ done in another way.

　　A. was

　　B. was to be

　　C. be

　　D. must be 3.He had an idea that we ______ by bike.

　　A. shall go

　　B. go

　　C. went

　　D. would go 4.My suggestion is that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.

　　A. to put

　　B. be put

　　C. should put

　　D. be putting 5.The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

　　A. did ; set

　　B. had done ; should be set

　　C. do ; be set

　　D. does ; would be set 6.It is necessary that you ______ present at the discussion.

　　A. will be

　　B. are

　　C. should be

　　D. would be 7.The boss gave orders that the work ______ at once.

　　A. will be started

　　B. must be started

　　C. be started

　　D. should start 8.The guard there insisted that everybody ______ the rules.

　　A. obeys

　　B. obey

　　C. will obey

　　D. would obey

　　wish, as if 以及 if only 的虚拟形式：

　　这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。

　　随“时”变化的几种用法： 时间 谓语动词虚拟语气 wish / as if /

　　as though / if only / would rather 现在 动词过去式（be 多用were） 过去 had + 过去分词 将来 would + 动词原形 1.I wish I ______ you yesterday.

　　A. seen

　　B. did see

　　C. had seen

　　D. were to see 2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.

　　A. breaks

　　B. has broken

　　C. were broken

　　D. had been broken 3.I’d rather that you ______ there yesterday and ______ again next weekend.

　　A. went ; should come

　　B. should go ; had come

　　C. had gone ; came

　　D. go ; come 4.The two strangers talked as if they ______ friends for years.

　　A. should be

　　B. would be

　　C. have been

　　D. had been 5. — I blamed her yesterday.

　　— I would rather you ______ that.

　　A. didn’t do

　　B. hadn’t done

　　C. wouldn’t do

　　D. shouldn’t do 6. — He is a very brave man.

　　— Yes. I wish I ______ his courage.

　　A. have

　　B. had

　　C. will have

　　D. would have

　　It is time that 的虚拟形式

　　It is time that…

　　It is high time that…

　　It is about time that… 谓语动词的虚拟形式为： 动词过去式 (be 多为were) It is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：

　　It is time (for sb.) to do sth.

　　It is time for sth. / doing sth.

　　It is the first time that (从句用陈述语气的现在完成时) 1.It is high time you ______ the bus.

　　A. had caught

　　B. caught

　　C. will catch

　　D. catch 2.It’s about time he ______ to do the work.

　　A. begins

　　B. will begin

　　C. begin

　　D. began 3. It’s high time that we ___ to school.

　　A. would go

　　B.

　　went

　　C.

　　go

　　D.

　　will go 4.It is time we ___ up our results.

　　A. sum

　　B.

　　summed

　　C.

　　will sum

　　D.

　　would sum （一）、含蓄条件句

　　含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。 1.Without electricity, human life ______ quite different today.

　　A. is

　　B. will be

　　C. would have been

　　D. would be

　　2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ______ something she would regret later.

　　A. had said

　　B. said

　　C. might say

　　D. might have said

　　Without electricity = If there were no electricity （二）、时间错综句

　　从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如： If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now. 1.If the flower had been watered, it ______ now.

　　A. wouldn’t die

　　B. is dead

　　C. had been dead

　　D. will not die 2.If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he ______ TV now.

　　A. would watch

　　B. would have watched

　　C. would be watching

　　D. is watching （三）、虚实错综句

　　所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。 1.They ______ earlier, but the car wasn’t ready.

　　A. can have left

　　B.may have left

　　C. will have left

　　D. might have left 2. — We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

　　— Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary.

　　A. wasn’t

　　B. hadn’t been

　　C. wouldn’t be

　　D. won’t be