2017年高考冲刺总复习：第6模块-阅读简答专题课件（湖南专用）

　　真题典例 专题三 │ 真题典例

　　[2007·湖南卷]

　　The north magnetic pole (磁极) is no longer a resident of Canada. It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.

　　Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole—the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis(地轴)，the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward) is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, a process that originates about 3, 000 kilometers below our feet, in the outer core(核心)of the planet. But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic 专题三 │ 真题典例

　　pole has picked up its pace.

　　Over the past century, the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year, says Larry Newitt, head of Geomagnetic Laboratory at Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa. Since the 1970s, this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year.

　　Scientists are wondering why the speed is increasing, says Newitt. One hypothesis (假说) relates it to “magnetic jerks”， sudden shifts (变化) in the rate of change of the magnetic field. There have been three jerks in the past four decades, each one correlating to an increase in speed.

　　专题三 │ 真题典例

　　If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056.

　　“For most of recorded history, the pole has been a part of Canada, and now it’s not，” says Newitt. “It may be a blow to our collective psyche, but other than that, it doesn’t have a major effect on most people’s existence.”

　　1．Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”.

　　________________________________________________________________________ 专题三 │ 真题典例

　　2．What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21st century? (回答词数不超过8个)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．What is the main idea of the passage? (回答词数不超过8个) ________________________________________________________________________ 专题三 │ 真题典例

　　【解析】

　　本文为资讯报道。报道北磁极向西伯利亚方向移动的原因、移动的速度及其影响。

　　1．Moving/ Migrating. 　通过理解画线词“angling”所在的句子It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.可判断其关键词是“It(＝ The north magnetic pole)”与“Siberia”，即：北磁极正朝西伯利亚方向“angling”；再根据“The north magnetic pole ”不难在第二段找到信息句the north magnetic pole is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field和第三段找到the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year，从而判断答案为“Moving或Migrating”。 专题三 │ 真题典例

　　2．It could reach Siberia. 　抓住关键词“the middle of the 21st century”可在倒数第二段找到信息句If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056.从而可以判断作答。

　　3．The north magnetic pole is moving faster. 　全文主题句为首段中的It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断angling即为“移动”之意，再结合全文内容稍加归纳即可作答。 新题预测 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　(一)

　　Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.

　　Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”， usually over a glass 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　of tea, before they do any job.In many European countries —like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.

　　Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary. 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.

　　People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other. 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　1．What is a good way to develop better working relations in France? (No more than 4 words) ____________________________________________________

　　2．Why did the author mention his experience in Thailand?

　　(No more than 10 words ) ____________________________________________________

　　3．How can people from different cultures understand each other better according to the text? (No more than 4 words ) ________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What would be the best title for the text?

　　(No more than 2 words ) ____________________________________________________ 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　【解析】

　　1．Eating together at restaurants/cafes. 　根据第二段In many European countries —like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.可判断作答。

　　2．To show even talk and silence can be culturally different.　第三段开头提出Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures，而后以自己的经历为例子来说明，由此可判断作答。

　　3．By recognizing/understanding different values. 　根据最后一段if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other可判断作答。4．Cross-cultural differences. 　综合全文可判断作答。 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　(二)

　　JACKSONVILLE, Fla, Nov.10—A 14-year-old boy was arrested today after the rotten body of an 8-year-old girl who was his neighbor was found in his bedroom. She had been stabbed (刺伤) and beaten.

　　The boy, Joshua Earl Patrick Philips, admitted and was charged with murder in the death of the girl, Maddie Clifton, who disappeared on Nov. 3, Sherriff Nat Glover said.

　　Joshua, who has no criminal record, would not be eligible (合格的) for the death punishment because of his age. Detectives discovered a knife and a baseball bat believed to be the weapons (武器) used to kill the girl, Sherriff said. 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　The girl had been stabbed at least nine times and was struck in the head. Sheriff Glover said at the conference. The authorities did not say whether she had been attacked sexually, nor did they give motive for the attack.

　　The boy’s mother, Melissa Phillips, grew suspicious for the police searched her home on Monday and detected an odor (气味), Sherriff said. This morning she pulled aside the frame of the bed, saw a child’s foot and called an officer, she said.

　　Maddie’s body was found under a sheet of wood supporting the frame of the water bed, which was filled, Sheriff Glover said, adding, “He put her under the bed and taped her up in it.” 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　Investigators believe the third-grader was killed in the boy’s house shortly after she disappeared last Tuesday, touching off a wide-spread search.

　　On Friday, Maddie’s parents, Steve and Shelia Clifton, made an earnest request for her return.

　　The boy’s house, like others in the neighborhood, had been searched three times. During the third search on Monday, the mother has at first said she thought the odor came from family pets.

　　Hundreds of volunteers had sent thousands of leaflets with Maddie’s picture since she disappeared that evening, about 30 minutes after she went out to play with friends. 专题三 │ 新题预测

　　The girl’s house is one of the well-kept, single-family homes in the older working-class of Jacksonville. Yellow ribbons (丝带) still hung from the trees this morning.

　　1．Why can’t the boy be sentenced to death? (No more than 6 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　2．What might the boy have used to kill the girl?

　　(No more than 8 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　专题三 │ 新题预测

　　3．Which grade of school was the girl in when she was killed? (No more than 2 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．Who first found the body of the dead girl? (No more than 6 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　专题三 │ 新题预测

　　【解析】

　　1．Because he is too young. 　根据第三段Joshua, who has no criminal record, would not be eligible (合格的) for the death punishment because of his age.可判断作答。

　　2．A knife and a baseball bat. 　根据第三段Detectives discovered a knife and a baseball bat believed to be the weapons (武器) used to kill the girl可判断作答。

　　3．Grade 3/three. 　根据第七段Investigators believe the third-grader was killed in the boy’s house shortly after she disappeared last Tuesday, touching off a wide-spread search.可判断作答。

　　专题三 │ 新题预测

　　4．The boy’s mother. 　根据第五段The boy’s mother, Melissa Phillips, grew suspicious for the police searched her home on Monday and detected an odor (气味) , Sherriff said. This morning she pulled aside the frame of the bed, saw a child’s foot and called an officer, Sherriff said.可判断作答。 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　【解析】

　　1．Because the boss promoted Bobby but he remained an ordinary worker. 　根据第一段After several years, however, the boss promoted Bobby to the position of manager but John remained an ordinary worker.可判断作答。

　　2．To make John find out the difference between himself and Bobby. 　根据倒数第二段John was very impressed and realized the difference between himself and Bobby.可判断作答。

　　3．Not resigning but learning from Bobby. 　根据倒数第二段He decided not to resign but to learn from Bobby.可判断作答。 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　4．We should see more and farther to be able to find out an opportunity. 　根据最后一段For the same matter, a more successful person sees more and farther so that he can find out an opportunity and catch it to achieve his aim.可判断作答。 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　(二)

　　Last year I lived in Chile for half a year as an exchange student with the American Field Service. Compared to most visitors, I didn’t travel much. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I went to school every day, in uniform. I had good days and bad days and days that I didn’t understand.

　　Chuquicamata, my host community, was a mining camp, whose life condition was terrible. When I arrived here, I was scared. Here there were lost dogs on the streets, and a constant cloud of brick-colored dust came from the mine. There was no 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for amusement. Rain was a rare phenomenon; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.

　　I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and desperate for one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn’t speak the thoughts in my head—and there were so many.

　　Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression toward the people to lack of appetite or weight gain and depression. I was 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　required to overcome all difficulty. Being an exchange student isn’t easy.

　　As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy—for which I received half a credit in global studies.

　　But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain.I learned how to accept and to achieve success in another culture. I now have a much deeper understanding of both myself and others. 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　1．Why did the writer come to Chile last year？(No more than 8 words) ____________________________________________________

　　2．What about Chuquicamata made the writer feel frightened？(No more than 6 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　3．What did the writer think difficult as an exchange student? (No more than 5 words) ____________________________________________________

　　4．What is the passage mainly about? (No more than 9 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　【解析】

　　1．To study there as an exchange student. 　根据第一段Last year I lived in Chile for half a year as an exchange student with the American Field Service.可判断作答。

　　2．The terrible living conditions there./Its terrible living conditions. 　根据第二段Chuquicamata, my host community, was a mining camp, whose life condition was terrible. When I arrived here, I was scared.可判断作答。

　　3．Dealing with culture shock. 　根据第四段Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　aggression toward the people to lack of appetite or weight gain and depression. I was required to overcome all difficulty. Being an exchange student isn’t easy.可判断作答。

　　4．The writer’s experience of studying in Chile. 　综合全文可判断。 专题二

　　说明文型阅读简答

　　专题二　说明文型阅读简答

　　专题导读 专题二 │ 专题导读

　　说明文也是阅读简答题常见的体裁之一。把握说明文的语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的常见写作顺序有：时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。文章通常层次清晰，整体性强，易读易懂。 真题典例 专题二 │ 真题典例

　　[2008·湖南卷]

　　Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Show Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty-five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.

　　As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.

　　专题二 │ 真题典例

　　Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后脚)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪) and a crab(螃蟹) trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(脚爪)touching.

　　As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last-minute details. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny 专题二 │ 真题典例

　　holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out.

　　When the whistle blows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (视觉效果)of the designs.

　　In 2006, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled “Discovery”. But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. “It’s not about the prize，” said Rob Neyland, Team USA’s captain. “It’s about touching the audience.”

　　专题二 │ 真题典例

　　Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design.

　　1．What kind of tools are the sculptors NOT permitted to use? (no more than 6 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　2．What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (no more than 9 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　3．Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________ 专题二 │ 真题典例

　　【解析】

　　本篇为介绍国际冰雕锦标赛的说明文。主要介绍参赛队伍创作冰雕作品的方法与过程、冰雕作品的评奖细则以及参赛队伍对锦标赛的体会等。

　　1．The tools that use electricity. 　抓住问题关键词“tools, not permitted to use”后不难在第二段找到信息句The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.由此可判断作答。

　　2．The things they have seen in daily life. 　问题关键词“ideas for their creative work”可在第三段找到信息句Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life.由此可判断作答。 专题二 │ 真题典例

　　3．Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact. 　根据第四段提到的评奖细则The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.可推断作答。 新题预测 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　(一)

　　The flag，the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world，is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.

　　The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact(手工艺品)．It is, rather，the product of thousands of years’ development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction. 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable(脆弱的). Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.

　　Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods，such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems(图腾)before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.

　　These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked. The king of China around 1000 BC was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　it spread over trade routes through India，then across Arab lands，and finally to Europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.

　　1．What does the flag mean to a nation? (No more than 9 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　2．How many ancestors were believed to have by historians? (No more than 1 word) ________________________________________________________________________

　　专题二 │ 新题预测

　　3．Why were the earliest flags connected with heavenly power? (No more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What’s the main idea of the passage? (No more than 6 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　【解析】

　　1．It is the most common and ancient symbol. 　根据第一段The flag，the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world，is also one of the most ancient.可判断作答。

　　2．Two. 　根据第二段Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.可判断作答。

　　3．Because they were believed to stand for natural forces. 　综合倒数第二段内容可判断作答。

　　4．The development of the National Flag. 　综合全文内容再结合最后一段第一句可判断作答。 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　(二)

　　Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. Low levels of vitamin D can lead to problems like rickets(佝偻病)and osteoporosis (骨质疏松). Rickets is a deformity mainly found in children. Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone, a common problem as people, especially women, get older.

　　Studies have suggested that vitamin D may also have other uses. Studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of heart attacks and deaths from some cancers. Other studies have shown that people with rheumatic diseases(风湿病)often have low levels of vitamin D.

　　专题二 │ 新题预测

　　The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight. The ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce the vitamin. But many people worry about skin cancer and skin damage from the sun.

　　Darker skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter skinned people. Production also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.

　　Not many foods naturally contain vitamin D．Foods with high levels include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and mackerel, and fish liver oils.

　　The researchers reported in 2007 that farmed salmon had a lot less vitamin D than wild salmon. 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　Small amounts of vitamin D are found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks. And some people take dietary supplements containing the vitamin. But most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes from foods like milk with the vitamin added.

　　These days, more doctors are testing for vitamin D levels in their patients. But as research continues, some experts worry that if people take too much vitamin D, it might act as a poison. Also, skin doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure. 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　How much vitamin D does a healthy person need? Nutrition experts advised the American government to set the current recommendations in 1997.It set the daily amount at two hundred international units from birth through age fifty. It set the level at four hundred international units through age seventy, and six hundred for age seventy-one and over. “But some groups say these amounts are not high enough”．

　　1．What will happen to the bone if a woman suffers from osteoporosis? (No more than 4 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________ 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　2．How is vitamin D produced in our body? (No more than 11 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．List three groups who are likely to have less vitamin D? (No more than 11 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．What conclusion can we draw about the daily intake of vitamin D from the last paragraph? (No more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________ 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　【解析】

　　1．It will thin./It will become thinner. 　根据第一段Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone, a common problem as people, especially women, get older.可判断作答。

　　2．The sunlight ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce it. 　根据第三段The ultraviolet rays react with skin cells to produce the vitamin.可判断作答。

　　3．Older people, darker skinned people, and those living in northern areas. 　根据第四段Darker skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter skinned people. Production also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.可判断作答。 专题二 │ 新题预测

　　4．People over 50 need more vitamin D when getting older. 　根据最后一段It set the daily amount at two hundred international units from birth through age fifty. It set the level at four hundred international units through age seventy, and six hundred for age seventy-one and over.可判断作答。 专题三

　　其他文体型阅读简答

　　专题三　其他文体型阅读简答

　　专题导读 专题三 │ 专题导读

　　阅读简答题选取的材料还有议论文和资讯报道两种。其中所选取的议论文通常有两类：一是先分析人们习以为常的现象，指出其中的谬误，然后阐述自己的观点；二是开门见山地点明要阐述的观点，然后通过类比等手段来证明该观点。掌握议论文特点，把握好作者在文章中阐述的观点有利于快速把握全文脉络，准确找到有效答题的信息句。

　　时事资讯类阅读材料往往语言地道、内容新颖。资讯阅读材料都由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。时事资讯类文章主题鲜明，文章首句或首段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。阅读 专题三 │ 专题导读

　　时，要善于捕捉资讯细节，根据问题善于找到相关句子并能分析理解长难句，从而在归纳、概括、推理的基础上准确谴词组句作答。 第六模块　阅读简答 考纲解读 第六模块 │ 考纲解读

　　阅读简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用不超过所规定的词数，简要地回答有关文章内容的问题。阅读简答主要考查在阅读理解的基础上用英语进行书面表达的能力。具体地说，其能力测试的主要要求是：

　　1．阅读简答题是建立在阅读理解的基础上的，要准确地表达信息，首先需准确地理解信息，因此需要考生具有一定的阅读能力。具体地说，考生应做到以下几点： 　(1)能识别不同文体的特征；

　　(2)能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；

　　(3)理解主旨和要义；

　　(4)既能理解文中具体信息，又能理解文章深层次含义； 第六模块 │ 考纲解读

　　(5)根据上下文推断生词的词义；

　　(6)做出简单的推理和判断；

　　(7)理解文章的基本结构；

　　(8)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

　　2．阅读简答题其实是对考生的英语表达能力和概括能力的考查。具体地说，考生应具备以下能力：

　　(1)准确使用语法和词汇；

　　(2)根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；

　　(3)使用一定的句型和词汇，清楚、准确地叙述事情或表达观点和态度。 命题分析 第六模块 │ 命题分析

　　分析历年高考阅读简答真题，可归纳出其命题特点：

　　1.语篇特点：体裁多为记叙文、说明文、议论文和资讯。文章结构清楚，脉络清晰，易于把握。例如，2007年高考英语湖南卷“阅读简答题”的语篇为资讯报道，2008年为说明文，2009至2011年连续三年均为记叙文。

　　2．选材特点：题材多为学生熟悉的日常话题和最新科技发现或发明，易于理解，文章简短，词数260—340不等，易于学生利用7分钟左右的时间答好此题。2007年湖南高考阅读简答题的语篇共265词，报道自然科学的最新发现——北磁极的移动；2008年阅读简答题的语篇共335词，介绍国际冰雕锦标赛；2009年阅读简答题的语篇共302词，叙述了一个体现

　　第六模块 │ 命题分析 Milton S. Hershey在性格上亲切和幽默的故事。2010年阅读简答题的语篇共300词，讲述感人的圣诞送礼故事。2011年阅读简答题的语篇共294词，讲述作者的一次“长跑”故事。五篇选材均符合学生的认知水平和评判取向。

　　3．设题特点：该题型原设三个小题，自2010年高考开始改设四个小题。为了考查学生获取与处理信息的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力，设问考查方向主要有三种，即：细节考查题(针对文章某细节内容提问，要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题)，主旨大意题(针对文章主旨提问，一般询问中心思想及文章标题，同样要求用不超过所规定的词数回答问题)，逻辑推理题(针对文章内容要求考生经逻辑推理后，用不超过规定的词数回答问题)。三种题型在近四年湖南高考英语试题中的分布情况如下： 第六模块 │ 命题分析 题型探究 第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　探究点一　细节设问题

　　这类题所占比重最大，以how，what, why提问的问题为主。一般说来考生在文章中找到答案出处并不太难，难的是如何处理、转换信息，从而归纳出问题的答案。因为阅读简答题要求考生既要用最简短的语言，又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话。此外，在回答细节题时，一定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。例如：就目的提问，就应该用表示目的的用语作答，例如使用for短语，答案用不定式短语；就原因提问，答案就应当用because of短语或 because从句，也可用不定式短语作答；就事件的可能性提问，答案通常用简短而完整的简单句；提问词是what，

　　第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　多用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答；提问词是how，则多用by doing sth./by means of sth.的形式回答。例如：2010年高考英语湖南卷第82题： Why did Linda join the American Women’s Club of Toronto？(No more than 10 words)就原因用why提问，故用because从句回答，即为：Because she joined it for fellowship and community service.

　　2009年高考英语湖南卷第73题：What did Grandfather do in Hershey’s factory? (回答词数不超过12个)是就事件的可能性提问，故可用简单句作答为：He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.

　　2008年高考英语湖南卷第73题：What kind of tools are the sculptors NOT permitted to use? (回答词数不超过6个)，根据第二段的有效信息句“The sculptors bring out 第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.”用含有定语从句的名词短语作答：“The tools that use electricity.”。 探究点二　主旨大意题 此类题常见的提问方式有：What is the main idea of the passage/text? What is the passage/text mainly about? What is the best title for this passage/text? 回答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句。而文章的主旨句大多出现在三个位置：文章首句，一段末二段首转折后信息，文章末句。但考生应注意不可照抄原句，而需重新归纳组织、概括(有的只需稍做归纳或略作改写主题句即可)。主旨句为判断句式，具有高度概括性。其答题形式有两种：简单句式和短语式

　　第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　(多为名词短语或动词短语)。例如，2007年高考英语湖南卷第75题，全文主题句为首段中的“It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.”，由下文语义逻辑关系可以推断angling即为“移动”之意，再结合全文内容稍加归纳，可以判断答案为：The north magnetic pole is moving faster. 答题形式为简单句式。再如：请根据某文首段“One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country.”回答问题：“What is the best title of the passage? (回答词数不超过5个)”。问题明显是主旨题，直接对应首句，该句是由系动词is构成的判断句，具有高度概括性，告诉读者整篇文章在围绕英国的pub 第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　进行论述，由此判断最佳标题为：Pubs in the UK。答题形式为名词短语式。

　　探究点三　逻辑推理题

　　逻辑推理题旨在考查考生根据已知信息进行合理推断的逻辑思维能力。它要求考生根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节暗示，推敲作者态度，理解文章寓意后再作回答。提问方式通常为：Why…？What can be inferred/concluded from…？ What is the author’s attitude toward(s)…？What does the author use the examples of…to show? 逻辑推理题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章真正的内涵，进行合理的推断。具体地说，要注意：1. 吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。2. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，通过分析、

　　第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　综合、判断，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。3. 要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断，切忌主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测。4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，把握作者的写作思路。例如，2008年湖南高考阅读简答题的75小题：Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答词数不超过15个)。文章只是在倒数第二段提到美国队在2006年冰雕锦标赛上荣获冠军，但未直接提到获奖原因，需要考生做一定的逻辑思维推理：既然美国队的冰雕作品能获奖，自然是因为评委们认为他们的作品是最好的。评委们又是根据什么确认他们的作品是最好的呢？自然就想到了评奖细则。而文章第四段“The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact of the designs.”就提到了评奖细则。由此可判断 第六模块 │ 题型探究

　　作答为：Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.

　　再如2009年湖南高考阅读简答题的74题： Why didn’t Hershey fire Grandfather? (回答词数不超过10个)，文中没有直接说出“我”爷爷保住工作的原因，而是通过最后一段Hershey所说的话“It’s not your fault, son. …I need to watch where I’m going.”来暗示Hershey没有解雇“我”爷爷的原因是他意识到错在自己而不是爷爷，由此可判断作答为Because he realized it was his own fault./Because he realized it was not Grandfather’s fault/mistake. 应试点睛 第六模块 │ 应试点睛

　　1．答题要求：

　　(1)限制性与开放性：在答题内容上要紧扣问题，切中题意，但在组织语言上具有开放性，考生可用不同语句表达相同主题。(2)概括性与针对性：答题语句要针对题意高度概括，词数不得超过所要求的词数。可采用一些小技巧进行形式上的浓缩，比如，可利用缩写，将could not缩写为couldn’t；把两个词合成一个复合词，比如double-worker；尽量用词或短语代替句子，尽量用简单句代替复合句等。(3)完整性和正确性：回答问题的语句要完整、正确，要求用完整的简单句，但受词数限制，也可用省略句。(4)规范性和严谨性：答题要规范、严谨，避免语言错误。组织答案要认真细致，避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语，尽可能利用原文中的关键词语

　　第六模块 │ 应试点睛

　　回答问题。要避免语言形式错误，如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写，特别是回答问题时要注意首字母要大写。要注意句子结构是否一致。同时避免语法错误，要注意主谓是否一致、时态与原文是否对应等。

　　2．答题步骤

　　第一步：浏览试题，画出试题关键词。

　　通过读题，画出题目所需信息的关键词，既可预测文章内容，又便于在阅读文章时有的放矢查读有效信息，节省阅读时间。可结合四个小题所涉及的内容来预测文章内容，再结合问题关键词去阅读短文，自然就容易做到有的放矢，且提高了阅读效率。

　　第二步：带着问题速读文章，根据试题关键词定位答题信息。 在浏览试题，预测文章内容的基础上速读文章，其主要目的是 第六模块 │ 应试点睛

　　为了找到答题所需信息，而所需信息肯定与试题关键词有关，故可采用“skim”阅读法，即：紧扣关键词，浏览全文，找出信息句。阅读时，与关键词无关的句子或段落要速读，而与关键词相关处要细读，因为关键词处不仅仅是答题的关键之处，也揭示了全文的主题。

　　第三步：推敲理解信息句，遣词组句答问题。

　　做好阅读简答题此步是关键。因为受词数限制，不能全部用原信息句作答，所以要仔细推敲，提炼概括出有针对性的语句作答。其主要方法有三个：一是采用转换词性、采用代词、单词代替短语、语句转换、提炼主要信息舍弃次要信息等方法精简语句；二是用概括性的语句归纳信息句；三是采用文章中的有关提示语或信息句中的关键词作答，即：尽量用短文中出现的短语，句子的用词也应以短文中出现的关键词为先。若必 第六模块 │ 应试点睛

　　须使用自己的语言组织表达时，则要注意句子结构的精炼、完整和时态正确。

　　当然，也可采用传统的“四步曲”式，即：先速读文章→再读题目→根据题目信息再回头查读文章定位信息句→最后理解信息句并组句答题。这种方法太耗时，而不及“三步曲”式好，因“三步曲式”可以在正确率和效率间达到最佳平衡。事实上，根据关键词进行定位这种方法只要稍加训练，便可达到比较熟练的程度。

　　专题一

　　记叙文型阅读简答

　　专题一　记叙文型阅读简答

　　专题导读 专题一 │ 专题导读

　　记叙文(含夹叙夹议文)是湖南高考阅读简答的主要体裁之一。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和文章的中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果，即我们常说的五个w(who，what，when，where，why…)；记叙文的另一特点就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入对人物的语言、

　　专题一 │ 专题导读

　　行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能准确有效而快速地找到答题所需的有效信息句。 真题典例 专题一 │ 真题典例

　　[2011·湖南卷]

　　My First Long Run

　　Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband. After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.

　　Our driveway has a slope(斜坡) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided to see if I could just jog

　　专题一 │ 真题典例

　　to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.

　　After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense. To make the movement easier, I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air.

　　I kept giving myself the excuse to keep. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didn’t stop. I wanted to keep going harder, better,

　　专题一 │ 真题典例

　　stronger. To my great surprise, I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did something I thought I could never do.

　　It was the first long run of my life. Since then, I have improved my stride (步幅) and time. After every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runner’s high. I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.

　　1．Why did the author feel guilty? (No more than 9 words )

　　________________________________________________________________________ 专题一 │ 真题典例

　　2．What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? ( No more than 11 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　3．What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop? (No more than 9 words ) ________________________________________________________________________

　　4．How is running different from jogging to the author？(No more than 14 words) ________________________________________________________________________ 专题一 │ 真题典例

　　【解析】 本文为记叙文。主要讲述作者与丈夫争吵之后第一次“长跑”及从中得到感悟的故事。

　　1．She had a quarrel with her husband. 　根据第一段Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband. After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.可判断作者感到内疚是因为与丈夫争吵，由此可判断作答。

　　2．She failed to jog to the end of the street. 　根据第二段Instead of stopping at the end of the slope. I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably.可判断作答。 专题一 │ 真题典例

　　3．No one would be disappointed or even know. 　根据第四段I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didn’t stop.可判断作答。

　　4．Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.　根据最后一段I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.可判断作答。 新题预测 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　(一)

　　John and Bobby joined a wholesale company together just after graduation from college the same year. Both worked very hard. After several years, however, the boss promoted Bobby to the position of manager but John remained an ordinary worker. John couldn’t take it anymore, gave his resignation(辞呈) to the boss and complained that the boss didn’t value hardworking workers, but only promoted those who flattered(奉承) him. 专题一 │ 新题预测

　　The boss knew John worked very hard for the years. He thought for a moment and said, “Thank you for your criticism, but I have a request. I hope you’ll do one more thing for our company before you leave. Perhaps you’ll change your mind and take back your resignation.”

　　John agreed. The boss asked him to go and find out anyone selling watermelon on the market. John went and returned soon. He said he had found out a man selling watermelon. The boss asked how much per kg? John shook his head and went back to the market to ask and returned to tell the boss $1.2 per kg.

　　专题一 │ 新题预测

　　Boss told John to wait a second, and he called Bobby to come to his office. He asked Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelon on the market. Bobby went, returned and said, “Boss, only one person selling watermelon. $1.2 per kg, and $10 for 10 kg. He has 340 melons in all, 58 of which are on the table. Every melon weights about 2 kg. Bought from the South two days ago, they’re fresh and red, good quality.”

　　John was very impressed and realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided not to resign but to learn from Bobby.

　　专题一 │ 新题预测

　　My dear friends, chances exist in the daily details. For the same matter, a more successful person sees more and farther so that he can find out an opportunity and catch it to achieve his aim.

　　1．Why did John write a resignation to his boss？(No more than 12 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　2．Why did the boss tell John and Bobby to go to the market to find anyone selling watermelon? (No more than 12 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　专题一 │ 新题预测

　　3．What was John’s final decision? (No more than 7 words) ________________________________________________________________________

　　4．According to the story, what should we do to be more successful? (No more than 15 words) ________________________________________________________________________