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高三英语二轮三轮总复习 重点突破第七讲 套用模板,巧攻图画、图表作文课件(人教版)

发布时间:2017-02-06  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  [高分缘由] (1)文章中使用了相当多的复杂句式。 第一段:使用了as,that,which引导的三个定语从

  句,另外还有现在分词raising,answering作

  宾补。 第二段:第一句有unless引导的条件状语从句和when

  引导的时间状语从句。

  第二句有省略句 when questioned。

  第三句使用了强调句型。

  第四句中使用了what引导的宾语从句和过去分词

  understood作宾补。 第三段:第一句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。

  最后一句使用了not only...but also...句式,而且not

  only置于句首其后的句子用部分倒装。 (2)文章中使用了较多的关联词,使行文更加流畅。如

  however,furthermore,now,so,in addition等。 1.注意使用连接词和过渡语 中学阶段经常用到的连接词和过渡语有: 表示开场:generally,generally speaking,in general,first of all,to begin/start with,in the first place 表示列举:as follows,for instance/example,namely,such as 表示附加:besides,furthermore,moreover,in addition,what is more,last but not least,more importantly,worse still,what is worse 表示转折和对比:but,however,on the other hand,on the contrary,by comparison,by contrast,meanwhile 表示个人观点:personally,in my opinion,in my view,as a matter of fact/in fact,to tell the truth,personally speaking,as far as I am concerned 表示结果:thus,therefore,consequently,as a result/consequence 上面提到的连接词和过渡语虽然看上去简单,语意明了,但要做到在写作时恰当合理的使用却不是一件容易的事情。考生在平时的训练中应该有意识地加以运用,以达到在考场上用时能信手拈来的程度。 2.掌握段落构建的规律 一般,段落是由围绕表达某个中心思想的一组句子构成。这种句子通常包括主题句、扩展句和结论句。主题句概括、揭示段落的主旨大意,段落中的其他内容都必须围绕它展开。扩展句围绕主题句进行阐述和论证,扩展句之间既相互独立又相互联系。结论句通常重申段落主题,以达到前后呼应的效果,或作出结论,提供解决问题的办法。 3.总结图画作文的常用句式和短语 第一段常用句式:The picture shows us that.../From the picture we can see... 第二段分析图画映射的某种现象,常用句式:Such a case is not rare./Such phenomena are quite common.

  /There are similar cases in our life.

  /There are several reasons behind this phenomenon./The reasons for this can be listed as follows. 最后一段常用的总结性短语:personally,in my view/opinion,from my point of view,as far as I am concerned,to sum up,

  in conclusion/summary,

  in short, in a word,all in all. 一、图画类 看图作文也叫图画式作文,是一种常见的高考题型。它是指根据图画所提供的信息写一篇短文,或叙述一件事,或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。 1.写作特点 形象,直观,内容具体,且在图画的前面一般还有文字说明,题材仍以贴近现实生活为主,因此考生一般都有话可写且不会跑题。此类题型的体裁比较广泛,可以是记叙文,将图画中所表达的信息完整地记录下来;也可以是说明文,根据图画从时间、过程、步骤等方面对之加以解释、说明;还可以是议论文,针对图画中所表现出来的一般现象,加以议论,得出结论,提出解决问题的最佳办法。 2.写作技巧 (1)针对此类题型,考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明,首 先应确定文章体裁。这类文章一般以记叙文或说明文为主。 (2)确定人称。若以日记、回忆录等形式来写,一般采用 第一人称;若以讲故事的形式来写,一般采用第三 人称。 (3)确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁,确定文 章所要使用的时态。 (4)发挥联想要合理、适度。这类文章一般要求考生做适度 的联想和发挥,以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来。但联想和发挥一定要根据图画做到合情合理。 (5)虚实结合,详略得当。对于图画中的内容,要注意详略 得当。如图画中所出现的时间、数字或言论须一词不漏地写清楚,而有些过程或原因则可适当简略。 二、图表类 图表作文要求考生通过对数据、文字内容的分析,对前后变化、正反观点的对比,或者对某产品的介绍,从而系统准确地表达出图表所示内容,并得出令人信服的结论。从写作体裁看,图表作文主要有说明文、议论文和应用文,时态一般用一般现在时。 1.写作特点 表格式 表格式作文就是将统计数据或被说明的事物直接以统计表的形式呈现出来。这类题目往往要求介绍某种情况或陈述某种观点与看法,体裁以说明文和议论文为主。 图形式 ①表示数据变化的曲线图; ②表示数据大小或数量之间差异的柱状图、饼状图; ③表示整体结构差异的扇形图。 2.写作技巧 (1)认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题,弄清 设计者想通过图表来反映的信息、问题或现象。对于曲线图,要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息,并注意交会点在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位;对于流程图,要按流程顺序进行适当的逻辑推理;对于柱状图和饼状图,要通过对宽度相等的柱形的高度的比较和各部分所占的比例来判断事物的动态发展趋势,关注坐标线的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明;对于平面图,要仔细观察,理解图表的真正含义,按一定的逻辑顺序,有层次地进行表述。 (2)在掌握了全部信息的基础上,着手分析这些信息或数据, 通过分析对比,找出不同点和相似点。

  [例1] (2010·福建高考)假设你是李华,福建省某中学高中学生,今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份,根据以下图片提示,用英语写一篇发言稿。 注意:1.根据图片的内容适当展开,以使行文连贯; 2.开头与结尾已写好,不计入总词数; 3.文中不能出现考生的具体信息; 4.词数:120左右。 参考词汇:短缺shortage;资源resource。 Ladies and gentlemen,

  Good morning,I'm Li Hua from Fujian,China. It's my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

  That's all. Thank you.

  [范文选粹] Ladies and gentlemen,

  Good morning. I'm Li Hua from Fujian, China. It's my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it.

  As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever­increasing population. Therefore, it's high time we did something about it.

  Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law.Last but not least,it's everyone's responsibility to make good use of water,such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.

  In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.

  That's all. Thank you.

  [高分缘由] (1)文章使用了较多的关联词,使行文更加连贯。例如表示 顺序的firstly,secondly,thirdly,last but not least;还有therefore,in conclusion等。 (2)文章使用了较多的复杂结构。例如第二段第一句的定语 从句as we know,第二句的It's high time we did something about it 运用了虚拟语气,第三段第一句的I think 用作了插入语,第三段最后一句用it作形式主语而其后的不定式为真正主语,第四段用and把整个句子有机地连接起来。 一、图画作文 第一步:仔细审题,确定体裁、时态、人称等。 要审清题意,看懂画面所表达的意思,紧扣主题。防 止因对画面的错误理解而跑题。有些画面上附有提示,注意仔细参阅,正确使用。 第二步:分析要点,写出关键词。 第三步:确定句型,组词成句。 第四步:合理安排,串句成文。 第五步:认真检查,注意修改。

  看图议论文,应该采用三段式的结构:第一段,描述图画内容以及图画所反映的问题;第二段,分析问题或现象产生的原因;第三段,从自己的观点出发,谈一下解决问题的措施。 二、图表作文

  本类作文可以采用三段式的写作模式:

  第一段,点明图表所反映的主题。常用词汇:table,chart,figure,graph,describe,tell,show,represent等等。

  第二段,分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写(在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时,可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题,并阐明必要的理由),注意层次。常用词汇:rise,drop,reduce,increase,decrease,fall,while,but,on the contrary,however,compare...to/with...,as...as,the same as,similar to,different from,difference between,among,more than,less than等等。

  第三段,归纳总结或发表评论。常用词汇:in a word,in short,generally speaking,it's clear from the chart that...,we can draw the conclusion that...,we can learn/know...等等。

  概括起来,可以套用以下模板: 模板一

  As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture,________ has been on rise/decrease,significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ________ in ________ to ________ in ________.From the sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

  There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________.On one hand,________.On the other hand,____________ is due to the fact that ________.In addition,________ is responsible for ________. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

  As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that________. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well­grounded. 模板二

  As is shown/indicated by the figure/percentage in the table (graph/picture),________(作文题目的议题) has been on rise (goes up/increases/drops/decreases), rising/decreasing from ________% in ________(年) to ______% in ________(年). From the sharp/marked decline/rise in the chart,it goes without saying that ________(现象总结).

  There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________. On one hand,________. On the other hand, ________ is due to the fact that ________.In addition,

  ________is responsible for ________.(Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.)

  As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that ________.

  [例2] (2010·上海高考)Directions:Write an English

  composition in 120~150 words according to the instructions

  given below in Chinese.

  右图是小学新生的课堂 一角,对照你当时的上课情 况,作出比较并谈谈你的感 受。你的作文必须包括: ●描述图片里学生上课的场景 ●比较你同时期的上课情况 ●简要谈谈你的感受 __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

  [范文选粹]

  As is seen from the picture,I can find pupils raising their hands,answering questions that were put forward by teachers,which made the atmosphere of the class lively and active.

  However,few pupils answered questions positively unless our names were called by teachers when I was at school.Furthermore,we would keep silent when questioned.It was only teachers who gave us lessons and we only seemed to be served as a listener.Now,pupils show their active attitudes toward various questions or problems,doing what they could to make themselves understood.Obviously,they behave positively in solving problems.

  So I think the present condition is different from the previous one,which is beneficial to the development of pupils' personality.In addition,it helps to train pupils' creativity.Not only can it improve pupils' efficiency but also it inspires pupils to work harder than ever.

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