5.(2010·四川)You've failed to do what you ________ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect
B. will be expected C. expected
D. were expected 答案与解析:D 由句意“你没有达到期望”可知,宾语从句中用一般过去时;从句中的主语you是动词expect的承受者,故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。 6.(2010·北京)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________. A.are dropped
B.drop C.are being dropped
D.have dropped 答案与解析:A 句意:在美国一些地方的口语中,“r”这个音在单词结尾被省略了。动词drop与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用被动语态,由此可以排除B、D两项。另外,这里描述一种现象,因此用一般现在时。 【考点诠释】 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词“构成。英语中最常用的被动语态有十种,各种时态的被动语态的构成如下表(以do为例): 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去时 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来时 shall/will be done will/shall have been done 过去将 来时 should/would be done should/would have been done 2.特殊用法: (1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。 (2)终止性动词用于现在完成时态的肯定句时,不可与表示“一段时间”的状语连用,但若用于否定句,则可以。
(3)用于现在完成时态的固定句式:This/That/It is the first/second/third...time(that)从句,从句中用现在完成时态;This/That/It is the+形容词的最高级+名词(that)从句,从句中用现在完成时态。 考点二十五 现在完成进行时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·重庆)—Why do you want to work for our company? —This is the job that I ________ for. A. looked
B. am to look C. had looked
D. have been looking 答案与解析:D 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,更强调动作的延续性。 2.(2010·江西)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ________ since her marriage to Father. A. shoulders
B. shouldered C. is shouldering
D. has been shouldering 答案与解析:D 句意:母亲想成为一名好的供养人——一个自她嫁给父亲以来一直在担任的角色。因为有since而且是动作的延续,所以用现在完成进行时,即she has been shouldering作定语,修饰a role。 3.(2010·辽宁)Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can't say “What's your name?”in Russian. A. has been going
B. went C. goes
D. has gone 答案与解析:A 句意:从上个月开始,Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语,但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名字?”。根据句意,表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去,应用现在完成进行时,故选A项。 4.(2010·安徽)—We've spent too much money recently. —Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives ________ around all the time. A. are coming
B. had come C. were coming
D. have been coming 答案与解析:D 此处表示的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态,表示的是动作的延续,故用现在完成进行时。 5.(2010·湖南)I'm tired out. I ________ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything. A. shopped
B. have shopped C. had shopped
D. have been shopping 答案与解析:D 此处用现在完成进行时,强调动作的延续性。句意:我很疲劳了。我整个下午一直在购物,好像还没有购完。 6.(2010·天津)We ________ on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest. A. are working
B. have been working C. worked
D. had worked 答案与解析:B 后面的Let's have a rest说明到现在为止我们一直在工作,应用现在完成进行时表示持续进行的动作。 7.(2010·陕西)I have to see the doctor because I ________ a lot lately. A. have been coughing
B. had coughed C. coughed
D. cough 答案与解析:A 句意:我得去看医生,因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。lately表示“最近”,与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用,因此答案选A项,此处表示在说话之前一直持续的动作。 8.(2010·浙江)—Why, Jack, you look so tired! —Well, I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting
B. will be painting C. have painted
D. have been painting 答案与解析:D 答话人叙述的是现在的事实,再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子,而且还要持续下去,所以用现在完成进行时。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: 现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成,表示过去某一时刻发生的动作,一直延续到现在,并且现在还在进行。它具备“未完成性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。
2.与现在完成时的区别: (1)现在完成时强调的是动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作仍在继续,强调动作的持续性。 (2)有些延续性动词,如:live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等用现在完成时与现在完成进行时时差别不大。 3.一般不能用于现在完成进行时的常见动词有: (1)短暂动作类:finish, marry, get up, come, go等。 (2)感觉类:hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等。 (3)感官类:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear等。 (4)存在类:be, exist, remain, stay, obtain等。 (5)占有、从属类:have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of等。 (6)认知类:understand, know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember等。
考点二十六 过去完成时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·安徽)—Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No. I ________ the book, so I already knew the story. A. was reading
B. had read C. am reading
D. have read 答案与解析:B 问句用的是一般过去时,答语的意思是在此之前已经读过了这本书,所以用过去完成时。 2.(2010·湖南)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________ it. Was it you? A. has done
B. had done C. would do
D. will do 答案与解析:B do的动作发生在was just going to cut my rose bushes之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。句意:我刚刚打算要修剪玫瑰花丛,但有人已做了。是你吗? 3.(2010·北京)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ________ for me. A. had done
B. did C. would do
D. were doing 答案与解析:A 根据题干内容可知,do这个动作发生在句中took这个过去动作之前,即是“过去的过去”,因此用过去完成时。 4.(2010·江苏)—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation? —We ________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were
B. have been C. had been
D. will be 答案与解析:C 结合问句中的时态以及答语后半句中的时态可知答语前半句表示的是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作,也可以表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或者状态一直延续到过去的另一时间。常与by then, by that time, until, by the end of, before 2000, by the time+句子等时间状语连用。如果两个动作紧接着发生,只用一般过去时,特别是包含after, before, as soon as等连词的复合句中,但也可以使用过去完成时态。 2.特殊用法: (1)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或者用上述动词的过去式+动词不定式的完成式,即:hoped/planned...+to have done。 (2)“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。 (3)hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner... than...句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用一般过去时。
(4)It was+一段时间+since从句,从句中用过去完成时态。 (5)This/That/It was the first time/second... time+that从句,从句中用过去完成时态。 考点二十七 过去将来时 【真题再现】 (2009·湖南)When he ________ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open
B. opened C. had opened
D. was to open 答案与解析:D 句意:当他想开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不在了。这里用be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,故选D项。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念 过去将来时表示过去将要发生的动作。 2.表示方法: (1)would do, was/were going to do sth.表过去将来; (2)come, go, leave等动词的过去进行时表过去将来时; (3)was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。 考点二十八 将来进行时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·福建)—Guess what, we've got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. —How nice!You ________ a different culture then. A. will be experiencing
B. have experienced C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced 答案与解析:A 句意:——你猜怎么了,我们获得了这个夏天到英国短期旅游的签证。——太好了,那你到时就可以体验一种不同的文化了。显然应用将来时,而且是将来一段时间内的动作,不侧重完成,故答案为A项。 2.(2010·浙江)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall. A. eat
B. would eat C. have eaten
D. will be eating 答案与解析:D 从if条件句中谓语动词的时态可以知道,主句应该用将来时态,故排除A、B和C项。D项是将来进行时态,强调“将来某个时刻正在进行的动作”,符合句意和语法。 【考点诠释】 将来进行时表示将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 考点二十九 被动语态 【真题再现】 1.(2010·全国Ⅰ)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________. A. is made
B. would make C. was to be made
D. had made 答案与解析:C 句意:(他们)在澳大利亚发现了金子,这使成千上万的人相信他们就要发财了。主句的谓语动词为一般过去时,因此believe后的宾语从句中谓语动词用过去将来时表示过去即将发生的动作。短语make a fortune意为“赚大钱”,结合句意,此处应用被动语态,因此答案为C项。 2.(2010·全国Ⅱ)Linda, make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive. A. be set
B. set C. are set
D. are setting 答案与解析:C 在make sure后的宾语从句中,谓语动词通常用一般现在时,且the tables与set之间是动宾关系。故选C项。 3.(2010·湖南)This coastal area ________ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named
B. named C. is named
D. names 答案与解析:A 根据时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时。主语This coastal area和name之间存在动宾关系,故用被动语态形式。句意:这个海滨地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。 4.(2010·福建)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised
B. were promised C. have promised
D. have been promised 答案与解析:D 句意:每年都有大批农民到深圳打工赚钱,在离开家乡之前他们已被承诺可以获得这些工作机会。本句中含有定语从句,修饰jobs。promise sb. sth.“答应某人某事”,此处应用被动语态,并且动作发生在主句中的动作发生之前,应选D项。 第四节 动词时态和语态 考点分类突破 考点十九 一般现在时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·重庆) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ________ now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining
D. has been remained 答案与解析:A remain是不及物动词,故没有被动语态,排除B、D两项,表示“存在”意义的状态性动词一般不用于进行时,所以此处用一般现在时。 2.(2010·辽宁)I ________ all the cooking for my family, but recently I've been too busy to do it. A. will do
B. do C. am doing
D. had done 答案与解析:B 句意:通常由我来为家人做饭,但是因为最近很忙,所以我没有时间做。第一句是陈述的事实,因此应该用一般现在时。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: (1)一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的、现在反复出现的动作或者状态。常与副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用。 (2)表示客观事实或者普遍真理。 2.特殊用法: (1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时,而不用将来时态。 (2)时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 考点二十 一般过去时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·全国Ⅱ)Excuse me. I ________ I was blocking your way. A. didn't realize
B. don't realize C. haven't realized
D. wasn't realizing 答案与解析:A 根据第二句后半部分的内容可知叙述的是过去的情况,此处表示的是说话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路,所以用一般过去时。 2.(2010·重庆)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ________ on the market in 1973. A. had come
B. has come C. came
D. comes 答案与解析:C 主句用现在完成时,since所引导的从句通常用一般过去时。 3.(2010·安徽)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ________. A. was busy
B. is busy C. had been busy
D. will be busy 答案与解析:A would have done表示本来要做某事,可是实际上并没有做,是对过去事情的虚拟,所以这里用一般过去时。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念:表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系。常与yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等表示过去的时间状语连用。 2.特殊用法: 有些情况发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是“刚才、刚刚”发生的,要用一般过去时态。常见的有“I didn't know...”或者“I forgot...”等,表示事先不知道或者不记得,但现在已知道或者记得的事情。这是高考的一个常考点。 考点二十一 一般将来时 【真题再现】 (2009·江苏)—Ann is in hospital. —Oh, really?I ________ know. I ________ go and visit her. A. didn't; am going to
B. don't; would C. don't; will
D. didn't; will 答案与解析:D 第一空的“不知道”应该是过去不知道,现在已经知道了,要用一般过去时表示,答案在A、D两项中产生。be going to和will都可以表示将来发生的动作,用be going to往往表示计划和打算,而用will则表示临时作出的决定,因此这里选D项。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: (1)表示将来会出现的动作或者状态,常与如this evening, tomorrow, next Monday, at the end of this term, in a few minutes等表示将来的时间状语连用。 (2)事物的固有属性或者必然趋势。 2.特殊用法: (1)be going to do 表示“计划、打算、即将做某事”,多用于口语中。也可以表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。 (2)be about to do表示“正要做某事,即将做某事”,不与具体的时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用。 (3)be to do表示“按计划或者安排要做的事;说话人的意志、意图、职责、命令、义务等;注定要发生的事”。 考点二十二 现在进行时 【真题再现】 1.(2009·江苏)—Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? —Sorry. ________. A. It's repaired B. It has been repaired C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired 答案与解析:C 由语境及Sorry一词可知这里表示“正在修理”,故用现在进行时。句意:——喂,泰锐,今天下午我可以用一下你的电脑吗?——对不起,它正在被修理。 2.(2010·北京)—I'm not finished with my dinner yet. —But our friends ________ for us. A. will wait
B. wait C. have waited
D. are waiting 答案与解析:D 根据题干内容可知,这里表示的是此时此刻正在进行的动作,即“我们的朋友们正在等着我们”,因此用现在进行时。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情;表示长期的或重复的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 2.特殊用法: (1)表示渐变,这样的动词有get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 (2)与always, constantly, forever, continually, all the time等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩,表示不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。 (3)go, come, leave, arrive, return, stop, start, begin, die, lose等动词的现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常常是不易改变的。 考点二十三 过去进行时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·湖南)I walked slowly through the market, where people ________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell
B. were selling C. had sold
D. have sold 答案与解析:B 表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作应用过去进行时。句意:我慢慢地在市场里逛,那里人们正在卖各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我仔细察看了一下价格,买了我需要的东西。 2.(2009·山东)I was out of town at the time, so I don't know exactly how it ________. A. was happening
B. happened C. happens
D. has happened 答案与解析:A 句意:那时我不在镇上,因此我不知道那时候究竟发生了什么事情。由时间状语at the time以及exactly可知这里强调“当时”正在发生的动作,要用过去进行时表示,故选A项。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday等连用;表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。 2.考查重点: (1)把过去进行时放在when, while, as等引导的时间状语从句中考查。一个长动作作为背景,被一个短动作打断,动作时间长的往往用过去进行时,动作时间短的用一般过去时。 (2)把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。 考点二十四 现在完成时 【真题再现】 1.(2010·全国Ⅰ)When you are home, give a call to let me know you ________ safely. A. are arriving
B. have arrived C. had arrived
D. will arrive 答案与解析:B 句意:当你到家时,给我打个电话,好让我知道你平安抵达。由When you are home可知宾语从句中应用现在完成时表示已经发生的动作,因此答案为B项。 2.(2010·北京)—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? —Sorry, I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadn't made
B. wouldn't make C. don't make
D. haven't made 答案与解析:D 根据题干内容可知,答话者是说自己没有把话说清楚从而导致“对方误解”,即这一动作对现在造成了影响,所以用现在完成时。 3.(2010·山东)Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save
B. saves C. had saved
D. has saved 答案与解析:D 由句中的时间状语Up to now“到目前为止”可知,应用现在完成时。 4.(2010·四川)—When shall we restart our business? —Not until we ________ our plan. A. will finish
B. are finishing C. are to finish
D. have finished 答案与解析:D 在时间状语从句中,当表示将来完成的意义时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 5.(2010·浙江)For many years, people ________ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A. had dreamed of
B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of
D. dream of 答案与解析:B 从For many years可知,此处谓语动词用完成时态,排除C项和D项;又因后一句用的是现在时态,故排除A项。据此答案应该选B项“现在完成时态”。 【考点诠释】 1.基本概念: (1)表示动作发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响,往往具有因果关系。 (2)表示过去发生过一次或者多次的动作,已成为某种经验。
(3)表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去,只能用于延续性动词,常与for, lately, recently, in the past/last few days, since then, ever since, up to now, so far等时间状语连用。
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