高三英语二轮 三轮总复习重点突破 第二节 形容词、副词、介词和并列连词课件

　　3．(2009·北京)John plays basketball well, ________ his favorite sport is badminton. A. so

　　B. or C. yet

　　D. for 答案与解析：C　句意：约翰篮球打得很好，但他最喜爱的运动是羽毛球。根据语境，应用转折连词，C项合适。 【考点诠释】 1．表示联合关系的并列连词 联合关系是指并列成分之间是一种顺承关系，最常用的是and。 I can speak English and Chinese.(连接两个名词) I speak English in class and after class.(连接两个词组) You make lunch, and I'll take care of the children.(连接两个分句) both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等也可以看作这类连词。 Both the students and the teacher are interested in the book. Neither you nor I am right. The young professor not only has knowledge but also has experience. 注意：“祈使句或名词短语＋and＋陈述句”句式是高考考查的重点。 Go through the gate and you'll find the library on your left side. 从这个大门穿过去，你就会发现图书馆在你的左边。 How dangerous！One more step, and you will fall into the river. 多险呀！你再多走一步，就会掉进河里。 2．表示转折关系的并列连词 表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, while等。while只是表示轻微转折，表明两种情况的对比。 He told me he would come but he hasn't turned up yet. It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious. The boys are running on the playground while the girls are playing games. 3．表示选择关系的并列连词 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, or else, either...or...等。 Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home? Hurry up, or we won't catch the bus. I had to defend myself or else he'd have killed me. Either the employees or the manager is to blame. 4．表示因果关系的并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。 I was feeling hungry, so I made myself a sandwich. The man can't be Mr. Green, for he never wears sunglasses. 5．表示时间关系的并列连词 when也可作并列连词，相当于and then，意为“就在那时”。 I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door. I was about to close the window when a butterfly flew in.

　　(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”。 As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，天变得越来越长了。 It rained more and more heavily. 雨越下越大。

　　(3)“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”意为“越……就越……”。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越仔细，出的问题就越少。 The more I thought, the more puzzled I felt. 我越想越不明白。

　　(4)“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中比较高的那个是我哥哥。 (5)运用比较级时要注意比较的对象或范围。 The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai.(×)(出现了比较对象上的错误。本句比较的是两地的天气，所以than后应用替代weather的that。) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.(√) 北京的天气比上海冷。 China is larger than any country in Asia.(×)(出现了比较范围上的错误。any表示“任何一个”，中国就是亚洲的一个国家，应当排除在外。) China is larger than any other country in Asia.(√) 中国比任何其他亚洲国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa.(√) 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 (6)比较级用于否定句以及比较级的以下结构可表达最高级概念： 比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 all (the) other＋复数名词 anyone else any of the other＋复数名词 the rest of＋复数名词 I have never heard a better voice than yours.(＝Your voice is the best voice that I have ever heard.) 我从未听过比你更好的嗓音。 Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. Julia is taller than the other girls in her class. Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class. 朱丽叶是她们班上最高的女生。

　　(7)比较级的特殊含义以及一些特殊结构。more than(多于)，no more than(不多于，仅仅)，less than(少于)，not less than(至少)，less＋形容词＋than(不如)等。 It is less cold today than it was yesterday. 今天没有昨天冷。 3．最高级的用法 (1)最高级是表示三者或三者以上中程度最高的比较方式，常用“the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”和“(the)＋副词最高级＋表示范围的短语或从句”结构。 Jack is the tallest student in his class. 杰克是他班上最高的学生。 He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class. 他是班上说得最少干得最多的。

　　(2)most前如没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。 Annabel is a most beautiful girl. 安娜贝尔是一个很漂亮的女孩。 Annie is most hard­working. 安妮非常用功。

　　(3)最高级前常用的修饰语有序数词以及much, (by) far, far and away, nearly, almost等。 Of the three girls, Betty is much the cleverest. 这三个女孩中，贝蒂是最聪明的。 Of all the students, Jack's oral English is almost the best. 在所有的学生中，杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。 注意：much, far, far and away等放在最高级之前，by far可置于最高级前也可置于其后。 This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.(＝This is the best book by far that I've ever read.) 这是我读过的最好的书。 考点十二　倍数表达 【真题再现】 (2009·辽宁)Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost ________ his. A. as much twice as

　　B. twice as much as C. much as twice as

　　D. as twice much as 答案与解析：B　倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。这里“twice”是倍数，用了as...as...这个比较结构。故选B项。 【考点诠释】 在英文中，有以下三种表达倍数关系的句型： 1．数字＋times＋as＋原级＋as＋比较对象。 Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子的三倍大。 2．数字＋times＋the size/length/depth/height/width＋of＋比较对象。 Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。 3．数字＋times＋比较级＋than＋比较对象。 He runs three times faster than Jack. 他跑得比杰克快三倍。 注意：若指两倍，以上各句型中的“数字＋times ”则应换成twice。 This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍，但窄得多。 考点十三　介词和介词短语 【真题再现】 1．(2010·重庆)The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money ________ me. A. by

　　B. for C. in

　　D. with 答案与解析：D　with在此表示“在……身边，在……身上”。 2．(2010·江西)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number. A. of

　　B. as C. by

　　D. with 答案与解析：C　句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name“按姓名”。 3．(2010·湖北)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them. A. in preference to

　　B. in place of C. in agreement with

　　D. in exchange for 答案与解析：D　句中favors是指官员为他人做的事情，them指people。句意：对于一个公务员来说，为人们做点好事就向人们要钱要物是不合法的。A项in preference to是“优先于”的意思；B项in place of是“代替”的意思；C项in agreement with是“与……一致”的意思；D项in exchange for是“交换”的意思。显然，D项符合题意。 4．(2010·天津)My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A. by

　　B. on C. for

　　D. against 答案与解析：D　warn sb. against (doing) sth.表示“警告某人不要做某事”。 5．(2010·北京)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden？They are ________ everyone's enjoyment. A. in

　　B. at C. for

　　D. to 答案与解析：C　for表示“为了”，即这些花是给所有人欣赏的。 6．(2010·福建)More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space. A. in search of

　　B. in place of C. for lack of

　　D. for fear of 答案与解析：C　句意：由于缺少空间城市里建起了越来越多的摩天大楼。for lack of“因缺乏”，符合句意。in search of“寻找”；in place of“代替”；for fear of“唯恐，以免”。 7．(2010·四川)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ________ a big tree. A. in

　　B. below C. beside

　　D. against 答案与解析：D　against“靠，倚”。句意：疲倦了，吉姆背靠着一棵大树很快就睡着了。 8．(2010·江苏)So far we have done a lot to build a low­carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder. A. next to

　　B. far from C. out of

　　D. due to 答案与解析：B　句意：迄今为止我们为建设低碳经济已经做出了很多，但是远不理想。我们必须更加努力。far from表示“远非；一点也不”。next to“仅次于”；out of“离开，出于”，一般与名词或代词连用；due to“因为”。 9．(2010·浙江)I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ________. A. by nature

　　B. in return C. in case

　　D. by chance 答案与解析：C　句意：我猜我们以前谈过这个问题，但以防万一，我还是要再问问你。in case表示“以防，万一”；by nature表示“天生，生性”；in return表示“作为……的回报”；by chance则表示“偶然，意外地”。根据句意，这里选C项。 10．(2010·江西)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________， dogs give us their all. A. in all

　　B. in fact C. in short

　　D. in return 答案与解析：D　句意：我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗，而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all“总共”；in fact“实际上”；in short“简而言之”；in return“作为报答”。 【考点诠释】 介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in/out/up/down/on/off/to/from/for/over/with等。根据介词的构成形式可将介词分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词等。通过对2010年高考英语试题的分析，我们可以看出这类试题以对简单介词的辨析和复合介词的辨析为主。

　　所以考生在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等构成的短语的意思和用法。 考点十四　并列连词 【真题再现】 1．(2010·全国Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window

　　________ his attention was caught by a bird. A. when

　　B. if C. and

　　D. till 答案与解析：A　句意：汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。本句是“Sb. was about to do sth. when...”结构，表示“某人正要做某事，这时突然……”。 2．(2009·安徽)—I wonder how much you charge for your services. —The first two are free ________ the third costs $30. A. while

　　B. until C. when

　　D. before 答案与解析：A　此处用while表示前后的对比。句意：前两个是免费的，而第三个要花30美元。 第二节　 形容词、副词、介词和并列连词

　　考点十　形容词、副词词义辨析 【真题再现】 1．(2010·全国Ⅱ)The island is ________ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. A. partly　B. merely C. nearly

　　D. equally 答案与解析：D　根据本句后半部分中的内容可知这座岛屿在春天和秋天同样吸引人，所以用equally表示“相等地，同样”。 2．(2010·辽宁)Jim went to answer the phone. ________， Harry started to prepare lunch. A. However

　　B. Nevertheless C. Besides

　　D. Meanwhile 答案与解析：D　however和nevertheless“然而”，表示转折；besides“而且，还有”，表示附加；meanwhile“同时，其间”。句意：Jim去接电话。在这期间，Harry去准备午饭。根据语意选D项。 3．(2010·湖南)Father ________ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. A. hardly

　　B. seldom C. sometimes

　　D. never 答案与解析：C　句意：虽然父亲不喜欢去体育馆，但他有时陪我们一起去那儿。hardly“几乎不”；seldom“很少”；sometimes“有时”；never“从不”。根据句意应选C项。 4．(2010·湖北)In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ________ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. A. private

　　B. personal C. unique

　　D. different 答案与解析：B　根据句意可以看出说话人想表达的是“个人的”观点，而不是private“私人的”，unique“独特的”和different“不同的”。 5．(2010·湖北)If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my ________ reaction will be to tell the police. A. physical

　　B. immediate C. sensitive

　　D. sudden 答案与解析：B　句意：如果我发现某人看上去像嫌疑犯，我的即时反应就是报警。physical“体力的，物理的”；immediate“立即的，即刻的，直接的”；sensitive“敏感的”；sudden“突然的”。显然，B项符合题意。 6．(2010·湖北)I wasn't blaming anyone; I ________ said errors like this could be avoided. A. merely

　　B. mostly C. rarely

　　D. nearly 答案与解析：A　句意：我不是在责怪任何人；我只是说这种错误是可以避免的。A项merely是“仅仅，只是”的意思；B项mostly是“主要地，大部分”的意思；C项rarely是“很少，难得”的意思；D项nearly是“几乎”的意思。只有A项符合句意。 7．(2010·天津)People have always been ________ about exactly how life on earth began. A. curious

　　B. excited C. anxious

　　D. careful 答案与解析：A　be curious about表示“对……好奇”，符合句意。excited“激动的”；anxious“担忧的”；careful“细心的”。 8．(2010·福建)—Volunteering is becoming ________ popular in China. —Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A. naturally

　　B. successfully C. splendidly

　　D. increasingly 答案与解析：D　句意：——志愿服务在中国正变得越来越普遍。——是的，人们现在意识到了帮助别人就是帮助自己。increasingly“越来越多地”，符合句意。naturally“天然地，自然地”；successfully“成功地”；splendidly“豪华地，极佳地”。

　　9．(2010·福建)Drunk driving, which was once a ________ occurrence, is now under control. A. general

　　B. frequent C. normal

　　D. particular 答案与解析：B　句意：醉酒驾车曾经是经常发生的事情，现在得到了控制。frequent“频繁的，经常的”，符合题意。general“一般的，全面的”；normal“正常的”；particular“特别的”。 10．(2010·四川)The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ________. A. small

　　B. few C. large

　　D. many 答案与解析：C　修饰number的形容词可以是large也可以是small，结合句意：因为学生数量过多，所以这所学校迁出了市区。可知答案为C。 11．(2010·陕西)Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A. likely

　　B. possible C. probable

　　D. sure 答案与解析：A　句意：研究表明，如果人们总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面，他们的背部更有可能会出问题。四个选项中主语为人且和不定式连用的形容词只有likely和sure，likely表示“有可能的”，sure表示“必定，肯定”，根据句意应用likely。possible作表语时主语不能为人，可为物、不定式或不定式的复合结构；probable的主语只能是物。

　　12．(2010·浙江)Do you think shopping online will ________ take the place of shopping in stores? A. especially

　　B. frequently C. merely

　　D. finally 答案与解析：D　句意：你认为网购最终会取代实体店购物吗？D项finally表示“最后，最终”，符合语意。especially表示“特别，尤其”；frequently表示“经常”；merely则表示“仅仅”，都不符合句意。故这里选D项。 13．(2010·浙江)Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn't it rather risky, ________？ A. though

　　B. also C. either

　　D. too 答案与解析：A　此处though放在句末，表示“然而，可是”，是副词，而不是连词，符合句意。句意：在结冰的运动场上玩听起来很有趣，然而，是不是太危险了呢？ 【考点诠释】 随着新课标的实施，形容词词义辨析题一直是高考英语词汇考查的热点问题，且综合性越来越强，旨在考查考生在具体语境中对于词义的正确理解。解答这类题目时，首先要明确句意和语境，其次要把握选项中单词或短语的意义，对相似词语的辨析更要予以足够的重视。 副词是在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词，在句中作状语。 做副词词语辨析题目时要把握它所修饰词的意义以及句子的语境，确定副词本身的意义和色彩，从而作出正确的选择。 考点十一　形容词、副词的比较等级 【真题再现】 1．(2010·全国Ⅰ)I have seldom seen my mother ________ pleased with my progress as she is now. A. so

　　B. very C. too

　　D. rather 答案与解析：A　句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步这么满意。句中的副词seldom表示否定含义，相当于not，题干中暗含“not so...as”结构，故答案为A项。 2．(2010·全国Ⅱ)Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________. A. popular

　　B. more popular C. most popular

　　D. the most popular 答案与解析：B　句意：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。 3．(2010·江西)Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ________ and more ________， have reduced the need for face­to­face communications. A. easily; efficient

　　B. easier; efficient C. easy; efficiently

　　D. easily; efficiently 答案与解析：B　句意：电脑和手机——虽然的确在使我们的生活变得更便捷更高效——但它们已减少了我们面对面交流的需要。make our life easier and more efficient“使我们的生活更便捷更高效”。reduce the need for“减少……的需要”。 【考点诠释】 1．原级的用法 (1)在肯定句中，用“as＋原级＋as”结构。 He is a worker as good as Peter.(＝He is as good a worker as Peter.) 他和彼得一样是个好工人。 My handwriting is as beautiful as yours. 我的书法和你的一样好。

　　(2)在否定句中，用“not as/so＋原级＋as”结构。 She can't use the computer so/as well as you. 她没你使用计算机那么好。 It is not as/so warm as yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。 Mr. Wang isn't as/so strict a teacher as Mr. Zhou. 王老师不像周老师那么严厉。 He didn't do the homework as carefully as his sister. 他做作业不像他姐姐那么认真。 注意：若第一个as/so后的形容词作定语修饰名词，该名词前有不定冠词时，要置于形容词之后。

　　(3)“倍数＋as＋原级＋as”表示“A是B的几倍”。 Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago. 汽油的价格是几年前的两倍。 He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得是约翰的三倍快。

　　(4)同级比较还可用the same...as..., such...as...结构引导。 Linda isn't the same height as Jenny. 琳达和詹妮不一样高。 This movie is such an interesting movie as that one. 这部电影和那部一样都是很有趣的电影。 2．比较级的用法 (1)运用“比较级＋than”的结构可以表达一方超过或不如另一方的情况。 You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 She doesn't work harder than you (do)． 她工作不如你努力。 注意：①可以用介词by表示相差的程度。 She is taller than I by three inches.(＝She is three inches taller than I．) 她比我高三英寸。 ②比较级前可用一些词或短语修饰，说明差别的程度。常用的有much, even, still, yet, (by) far, far and away, a lot, a great deal, twice, five times, many times, two­fifths, 20%, a little, a bit, rather等。quite一般不修饰比较级，但偶尔也可见到“I feel quite better.”的用法。 I feel much/a great deal/quite better today. 我今天感觉好多了。 He is five years older than I. 他比我大五岁。 Your handwriting is far and away/(by) far better than mine. 你的书法远比我的好。