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2015高考英语一轮精讲教案:必修8 (3)

发布时间:2017-02-05  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  选修8 Unit 2(1)

  Unit 2 Cloning 

  1.undertake(vt.)着手;从事;承担

  2.cast(vt.)扔;投;掷

  3.obtain(vt.)获得;赢得

  4.attain(vt.)获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

  5.forbid(vt.)禁止;不准

  6.owe(vt.)欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……

  7.retire(vi.)退休;离开

  8.bother(vt.)打扰

  (vi.)操心

  (n.)烦扰

  9.strike(vi.& vt.)打;撞击;罢工

  (n.)罢工

  10.vain(adj.)虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的

  11.merely(adv.)仅;只;不过

  12.adore(vt.)崇拜;爱慕;喜爱

  13.differ(vi.)不同;相异→different(adj.)不同的→difference(n.)不同;差异

  14.object(vi.)反对;不赞成→objection(n.)不赞成;反对;异议→objective(adj.)真实的;客观的;无偏见的

  15.medium(n.)媒介;手段;工具→media(pl.)

  16.resist(vt.)抵抗;对抗→resistance(n.)抵抗;对抗→resistant(adj.)有抵抗力的;抵制的

  1.pay_off得到好结果;取得成功;偿清

  2.cast_down沮丧;不愉快

  3.in_favour_of赞成;支持

  4.(be)_bound_to_(do)...一定或注定(做)……

  5.strike...into_one’s_heart使……刻骨铭心

  6.from_time_to_time不时;偶尔

  7.bring_back_to_life使复生;使复活

  8.in_vain白费力气;枉费心机

  9.in_good/poor_condition状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)

  10.have_a_great_impact_on对……有很大影响

  1.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

  看来多莉是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。

  名师指津:that引导同位语从句。

  例句仿写:这些年来地球逐渐变暖的事实,使科学家们非常担心。

  The fact has worried many scientists that_the_earth_is_becoming warmer and warmer these years.

  2.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

  名师指津:then位于句首,句子用全部倒装语序。

  例句仿写:山顶上有一座300多年历史的古老城堡。On the top of the mountain stands_an_old_castle which has a history of more than three hundred years.

  3.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.

  其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。

  名师指津:The advantage is that...其优点是……,that引导表语从句。

  例句仿写:其优点是如果你能讲流利的英语,你更有可能找到好工作。

  The_advantage_is_that if you can speak English fluently,you are more likely to find a good job.

  4.However,scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.

  科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们,它们将我们引向何方。

  名师指津:whether...or无论……还是……

  例句仿写:经济危机是否会很快结束,短时间内不会明朗。

  It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will_soon_be_over.

  undertake (undertook;undertaken) vt.着手;从事;承担

  (牛津P2197)The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.

  公司已经宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。

  undertake a task承担任务

  undertake to do sth.同意、答应或着手做某事

  undertake that­clause保证……

  University professors both teach and undertake research.

  大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。

  We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle,which is of great significance.

  我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任,这意义重大。

  I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.

  我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。object vi.反对;不赞成;n.物体;目标

  (牛津P1372)If anybody objects,we’ll postpone the meeting till next week.如果有人反对,我们就把会议推迟到下周。

  (1)object to反对……

  (2)raise an objection to sth.对……提出异议

  have/make an objection to (doing) sth.

  对(做)……表示反对

  As far as I’m concerned,I really object_to_being_charged_for parking.就我个人而言,我非常反对收停车费。

  As long as it benefits them,they really don’t object to the project.只要对他们有利,他们并不真地反对这个项目。

  (牛津P1372)The main objection to the plan was that it would cost too much.反对这个计划的主要理由是费用过高。forbid (forbade/forbad,forbidden) vt.禁止,不准

  (2017·天津卷阅读理解)Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library,but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.请注意食物和水果禁止带进图书馆,但是你可以带饮料和糖果。

  (1)

  (2)

  (3)It’s forbidden to do sth.做某事是禁止的

  I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉,我不允许你离开。

  He has even forbidden_me_from_meeting my friends online at the Internet cafe!他甚至禁止我去网吧会见我的网友!

  The law forbids smoking in public buildings.

  法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。

  owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……,应感谢

  教材原句P13:You owe the lady an apology.

  你必须向这位女士道歉。

  owe sb.an apology该向某人道歉owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物

  (2)owe...to...把……归功于……

  owe it to sb.that...多亏某人……

  (3)owing to因为,由于

  Mary will take care of the baby—she owes me a favor.

  源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]

  玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。

  These early settlers owned_their_survival_to_hard_work and determination to succeed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。

  Was it owing_to_bad_weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving?

  当时是由于天气恶劣,他们才不得不改变离开的时间的吗?

  bother vt.打扰;vi.操心;n.烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人

  教材原句P14:However,the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.

  然而,之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。

  (1)bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人

  bother to do/doing操心做某事

  It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……

  (2)put sb.to any bother给某人添乱

  why bother没有必要吧;何苦那么麻烦

  What_bothers_me_most is that he seems to take no interest in his work.最使我伤脑筋的是,他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。I don’t want to put him to any bother,so I try doing it by myself.我不想给他添乱,所以,我试着靠自己做这件事。

  —I’ll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.

  ——我要去邮局给安寄这个包裹。

  —Why_bother?I’ll see her at dinner this evening.

  ——不必麻烦了吧?今晚吃饭我能见到她。

  Ⅰ.完成句子

  1.The conductor______________________________________(禁止我们把手伸出窗外) when the bus was moving.

  答案: forbade us to stick our hands out of the window

  2.I__________________________ (应该向你道歉) having been so rude to you last night.

  答案: owe you an apology for

  3.Who do you think is the right person__________________________________(承担这项任务)?

  答案: to undertake the task

  4.The well­known scientists always says that he________________________(把所有成功归功于) the support of his family.

  答案: owes all his success to

  5.Thinking they have grown up,the boys________________________ (反对像孩子一样被对待).

  答案: object to being treated like children

  6.Since he ____________________________(从公司退休),he has done voluntary work for a charity.

  答案: retired from the company

  .单项填空

  1.(2017·皖北协作区联考)—We have no objection________the new project again.

  —I can’t agree more.

  A.to discuss B.to discussing

  C.to having discussed D.to have discussed

  解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意为:——我们不反对再一次讨论这个新计划。——我非常同意。have no objection to (doing) sth.不反对(做)某事,to是介词,后面接名词或动词的­ing形式。且discuss这一动作尚未发生,故排除C项。

  答案: B

  2. (2017·石家庄质检)—How do Americans like to be called?

  —Most of them don’t object________them by their first name.

  A.to call B.for calling

  C.to calling D.that I call

  解析: 考查动词短语。object to doing sth.反对做某事。

  答案: C

  3.(2017·安徽皖南联考)Why________to go abroad to study,when there are so many good universities at home?

  A.imagine B.bother

  C.consider D.prevent

  解析: 句意为:在国内有这么多好大学,为什么还要费力地去国外学习呢?bother to do sth.费力/麻烦做某事。imagine和consider后不能直接跟动词不定式;prevent意为“阻止”,不符合句意。

  答案: B

  4.The students are forbidden,unless they have special passes,________after 11 pm.

  A.in staying out B.to stay out

  C.staying out D.stay out

  解析: forbid sb.to do sth.意为“禁止某人做某事”,为固定短语,此处为其被动结构。

  答案: B

  5.(2017·兰州质检)He is a successful businessman;he________ his success more to luck than to ability.

  A.attaches B.adapts

  C.owes D.fastens

  解析: 句意为:他是一个成功的商人,他把他的成功更多地归功于运气而不是能力。owe...to...把……归功于,符合句意。

  答案: C

  6.(2017·泰安高三质检)However difficult the plan is to carry out,I don’t believe they’re going to________it.

  A.desert B.abandon

  C.undertake D.remain

  解析: 考查动词词义辨析。句意为:不管那个计划执行起来多么困难,我认为他们将不会放弃它。desert遗弃,抛弃,离开(某地);abandon放弃(计划等);undertake承担,着手做;remain保留,依然。

  答案: B

  pay off得到好结果;取得成功;偿清

  (2017·安徽卷)The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

  当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时,她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。

  ①What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid_off_all_his_debts.

  使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。

  辨析:pay for,pay back与pay off

  (1)pay for表示“付……的钱,因……而受惩罚”。

  (2)pay back偿还;报复

  (3)pay off意为“还清(债务)”“结算清薪水解雇”“成功”等。

  ②He had to work part­time so as to pay for his education.

  他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。

  ③That I can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.

  能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。

  in favour of支持;赞成

  教材原句P12:Is it in favour of cloning or against it?

  它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为?

  (1)in sb.’s favour对某人有利的

  out of favour失宠的,不流行的

  (2)do sb.a favour=do a favour for sb.帮某人忙

  do sb.the favour to do sth./do sb.a favour by doing sth.

  帮忙做某事

  (3)owe sb.a favour欠某人情

  ①My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of it.我姐姐反对我的建议,然而我弟弟却赞成。

  ②The exchange rate is not in__our_favour at the moment.

  目前汇率对我们不利。

  ③Do_me_a_favour and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone,will you?

  劳驾,我打电话的时候把收音机的音量调小点好吗?

  in good/poor condition状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏

  (朗文P412)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好,车况极佳。

  out of condition健康状况欠佳

  working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境

  on condition (that)...在……条件下;倘若……

  on no condition一点也不;决不(放在句首时,用部分倒装语序)

  ①On no condition should_you_tell him what happened.

  你决不应该告诉他发生了什么事。

  ②They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.

  他们同意把车借给我们,条件是我们必须在周末前归还。

  Ⅰ.选词填空

  be cast down;be bound to;strike...into one’s heart;in vain;on condition that;in favour of;pay off

  1.I would consider studying abroad,____________________I get a scholarship.

  答案: on condition that

  2.His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his well­paid job,but their efforts are____________________.

  答案: in vain

  3.We____________________meet with difficulties in carrying out this research.

  答案: are bound to

  4.—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.

  —Oh,really?I’m glad that her efforts at last____________________.

  答案: paid off

  5.I have told her about our plan,and she is________ ________________ it.

  答案: in favour of

  6.He____________________because he was scolded.

  答案: was cast down

  7.Mountain Tai________ its beauty __________________and she decided to visit it again the next year.

  答案: struck;into her heart

  Ⅱ.单项填空

  1.(2017·黑龙江哈尔滨四校高三检测)Liu Jianfu,a senior researcher with Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,said he was________reducing the homework burden on students.

  A.in charge of B.in terms of

  C.in favor of D.in honor of

  解析: 句意为:刘建福,广东外语外贸大学的一位高级研究员,说他赞成减少学生的家庭作业负担。根据句意可知,应选in favour of赞成,支持。in charge of主管,负责;in terms of就……而言;in honor of为了向……表示敬意。

  答案: C

  2.The doctor advised her to eat more bean products________meat which might be harmful to her heart.

  A.for lack of B.by means of

  C.in place of D.in favour of

  解析: 考查介词短语辨析。句意为:医生建议她多吃豆类食品来代替可能对她的心脏有害的肉类。in place of代替,顶替,符合句意。for lack of缺乏,短缺;by means of借助……手段,依靠……方法;in favour of支持,赞同。

  答案: C

  3.Minetta was in________poor condition last week in hospital;therefore,her parents were in________favour of performing an operation.

  A.the;the B./;the

  C./;/ D.the;a

  解析: in poor condition为固定词组,意思是“状况很坏,情况很坏”;in favour of为固定词组,意思是“赞成,支持”。

  答案: C

  4.I agree to his suggestion________the condition that he drops all charges.

  A.by B.in

  C.on D.to

  解析: 句意为:我同意了他的建议,条件是他撤销所有的指控。本题考查介词搭配。on the condition that固定搭配,意思是“条件是……”。

  答案: C

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