（安徽专用）2016届高考英语二轮复习专题训练：专题十六 主旨大意（含解析）

　　专题十六　主旨大意

　　A

　　(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)

　　It’s wonderful to go to another country,complete a volunteer project and feel that you really have a positive influence.But how can you become an international volunteer?

　　*Plan practically.Contact the organization a few months before leaving and find out if there are materials which are rare and hard to attain for the project.What you often consider plentiful here,such as nails or hammers,is in great need in other parts of the world.

　　*Do the project together,not on your own.You are a guest in the community.The most successful result is not that you build something and walk away,but that you and the community build something as a team.Share skills and build together.

　　*Be flexible.Not everything is going to happen as planned.Often the country doesn’t have the right tools,manpower,transportation or funds to get all the needed work done.In a word,it lacks infrastructure(基础设施).

　　*Connect with the people in the community.Often you will have “downtime” outside of the range of the project.Rather than retreat to the group with whom you traveled,be sure to spend time with the people of the community.Listen to the things about their lives.If you can’t speak the language,smiles work wonders.And you will be surprised—you will find a way to communicate!

　　Volunteering is a special and life-changing experience for everyone involved.Be prepared that the person who may be changed most is you.It’s a joyful,often careful experience which will encourage you to view yourself,your neighbors and your world quite differently.

　　1.When you volunteer to join in a project,you are advised to 　. 

　　A.build something and walk away

　　B.make good preparations in advance

　　C.avoid involving locals in activities

　　D.depend on yourself to solve problems

　　2.According to the author,volunteering will 　. 

　　A.reduce challenges in the world

　　B.determine the future of a volunteer

　　C. change a person’s opinion of the world

　　D.benefit volunteers most in their learning

　　3.What is this passage mainly about?

　　A.What you prepare to become a volunteer.

　　B.Where volunteers are needed most in the world.

　　C.Why volunteering is popular with young people.

　　D.How volunteers develop a relationship with local people.

　　B

　　(2017·东北三校第一次联考)

　　Welcome to the world of multitasking—a place where the measure of a person is how many jobs they can perform at the same time.In fact,if experts are to be believed,multitasking is a disastrous idea.

　　One of the opponents of multitasking is Dr. Clifford Nass,a professor at Stanford University.“People who multitask frequently are less able to pay attention;they’re worse at managing their memory,”he said.In his opinion,the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless in some situations,for example,part of doing business in the digital world;but you can’t do serious work like writing,thinking or solving an important problem this way.You do worse even as you think you’re doing better.All the time the research points to a simple fact:the brain cannot cope.When you stop midway through composing a report to check an email,you force your brain to stop and regroup.It is like pressing the pause button during a movie,meaning the film takes longer to watch.

　　And as for Dr. Nass,the problems extend beyond the brain.Young people who frequently multitask are not as socially and emotionally healthy as those who don’t.They just feel more emotionally satisfied and the feeling is so good and they are bound to desire it again.Todd Oppenheimer,a writer said,“We’ve become a very short-term society and don’t reward people for taking a lot of time on something.”He fears we may end up losing the next generation of great thinkers.“It’s really unfortunate because the long-term challenges of our world—environmental issues,financial issues—require people to think wisely about the long-term consequences of what they do.And it’s no coincidence that the kind of people who do think long-term don’t multitask.”

　　1.According to Dr. Nass,multitasking 　. 

　　A.makes the performance emotionally affected only

　　B.contributes to memorizing various things

　　C.may result in losing the next generation of great thinkers

　　D.can be performed using digital tools

　　2.From the passage,we can tell 　. 

　　A.the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless

　　B.we mistakenly believe that we’re doing better by switching between tasks

　　C.multitasking does harm to us in every area

　　D.for every task you add to your multitasking,you can finish your goal more quickly

　　3.Which of the following is a multitasking addict?

　　A.You turn your cellphone to silence when you’re out to dine with friends.

　　B.You watch from start to finish without distraction when playing a DVD.

　　C.You have your office desk covered with paperwork from various unfinished projects.

　　D.You feel that when you try to do too much at once,the result always suffers.

　　4.The author mainly wants to tell us 　. 

　　A.the less you switch,the better you do

　　B.it is more efficient to do things all in a mixed way

　　C.it takes longer for us to become a great thinker

　　D.we shouldn’t be lazy if we want to accomplish many tasks

　　##

　　A

　　【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了要当一名国际志愿者应该具备的素质。

　　1.B　细节理解题。文章第二段说,在出发前的几个月联系好志愿服务机构,并了解志愿服务项目缺少的材料,你觉得很充足的东西比如钉子或锤子,在你要去的地方就可能会很稀缺,因此选B项,要事先做好准备。

　　2.C　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“Volunteering is a special and life-changing experience for everyone involved.”及“encourage you to view yourself,your neighbors and your world quite differently”可知应选C项,志愿活动改变一个人的世界观。

　　3.A　主旨大意题。全文围绕去当志愿者之前必须做的准备工作展开叙述,并阐述了志愿者工作的意义,因此本文的主题是A项,当一名志愿者需要做的准备工作。

　　B

　　【语篇导读】这是一篇科普文。研究人员发现,同时做很多事情的人做事不专一,不仅会导致事倍功半,而且还会影响人们的社交与情感健康。

　　1.D　细节理解题。关于同时做很多事,第二段说在有些情况下,比如在数码领域里做生意(doing business in the digital world)是无害的,因此选D项。文章说同时做很多事会影响我们在人际交往和情感方面的健康(A项错),会使我们记性更差(B项错),一位叫Todd的作家说这样可能会使我们失去一位未来一代伟大的思想家(C项错)。

　　2.B　推理判断题。由第一段第二句可知,这个想法实际上害人不浅,因此B项正确;从第二段可知A、C两项错误,因为multitasking有时是无害的,有时则会妨碍我们;第二段最后一句通过打比方的方式告诉我们,这样会使事情做得更慢(D项错)。

　　3.C　推理判断题。从本题四个选项的陈述看,A、B、D三项都是专心做一件事,C项说办公桌上放着各种没有完工的项目的文件,这里的various unfinished projects属于multitasking。故选C项。

　　4.A　主旨大意题。全文通过斯坦福大学一位教授的话告诉我们,同时做很多事不仅不能提高工作效率,反而对我们的健康不利,因此A项“角色转换越少,做得就越好”是本文的主题。