2016届湖南长沙市高考英语二轮阅读理解训练（53）（含答案）

　　湖南长沙市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（53）及答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

　　I say clever because anti­slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)

　　But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti­slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”

　　There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave­holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

　　The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

　　Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black­face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

　　【语篇解读】 通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。

　　1．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.

　　B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.

　　C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。

　　答案　B．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.

　　A．target readers at the bottom

　　B．anti­slavery attitude

　　C．rather impolite language

　　D．frequent use of “nigger”

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。

　　答案　D．What best proves Twain's anti­slavery stand according to the author?

　　A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.

　　B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.

　　C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

　　D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。

　　答案　C．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.

　　A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

　　B．slaves' babies could pick up slave­holders' way of speaking

　　C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up

　　D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

　　解析　推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。

　　答案　C．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The attacks.

　　B．Slavery and prejudice.

　　C．White men.

　　D．The shows.

　　解析　词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。

　　答案　D．What does the author mainly argue for?

　　A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

　　B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

　　C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

　　D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.

　　解析　主旨大意题。该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。

　　答案　A2016高考英语阅读理解集训

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　In April 2016，the world's oldest known message in a bottle was discovered floating in the Baltic Sea. It had spent 101 years lost in the ocean！The message was finally sent to the author's granddaughter.

　　A German fisherman named Konrad Fischer found the brown bottle near Kiel，Germany. He said he nearly threw the bottle back into the water after pulling it out of a fishing net. Then he noticed something inside.

　　The bottle in good condition contained a Danish postcard with two German stamps，dated May 17，1913. Although dampness had made most of the writing illegible（字迹模糊的），the readable part of the message asked whoever found it to return it to an address in Berlin. It even contained two stamps to pay for postage.

　　From the address，researchers found that the postcard was written by a man named Richard Platz，who was 20 years old when he wrote the message. While he was hiking on the Baltic coast with a nature appreciation group，he threw the bottle into the sea. Then the researchers began a search for any living relatives of his. Sure enough，they were able to find his 62-year-old granddaughter，Angela Erdmann，who still lives in Berlin.

　　“It was almost unbelievable，”Erdmann said upon being presented with her grandfather's bottle and message.“That was a pretty moving moment. Tears rolled down my face."

　　Erdmann never knew her grandfather，who died in 1946，but says that the discovery of the bottle has made her want to learn more about him.

　　The bottle remained on display at the International Maritime Museum in Hamburg until May 1 ．After that，the researchers examined the postcard and tried to figure out the meaning of the rest of the message.

　　Previously，the oldest message found in a bottle spent nearly 98 years at sea and was discovered in April 2016，according to Guinness World Records.

　　1 ．When Konrad Fischer picked up the bottle from the sea，

　　．

　　A. he thought it would bring him good luck

　　B. he noticed the postcard inside immediately

　　C. he decided to uncover the secret of the bottle

　　D. he wanted to throw it back

　　into the sea at first

　　2. Why did Richard Platz throw the bottle with the message into the sea?

　　A. He expected his granddaughter could find the postcard.

　　B. He wished the finder would send the postcard to his home.

　　C. He believed his postcard would be kept secret at sea forever.

　　D. He thought he could make friends with the finder of the bottle.

　　3．What can be the best title for this passage？

　　A. The finding of a floating bottle at the sea

　　B. A one-century-old letter to a granddaughter

　　C. The world's oldest message in a floating bottle

　　D. The oldest Danish postcard in a floating bottle

　　参考答案1.D

　　2.B

　　3.C

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Whenever we turn on the TV or radio, read the newspapers, surf the Internet, we'll be surrounded by the word "diet" everywhere. We have so easily been attracted by the promise of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically（心理上地）and physically.

　　It's obvious that diet products weaken us psychologically. They allow us to jump over the thinking stage that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fat. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word "diet" in food labels.

　　What's more, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves that we don't have to work to get results．Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

　　As a matter of fact, the danger that diet products bring not only lies in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm they cause. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie. oaly because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products, And they can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are stopping our bodies having basic nutrients. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals

　　that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

　　Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Think twice before buying diet products. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, 3rd therefore, prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.

　　1. From Paragraph 1，we learn that

　　A. diet products are in our daily life

　　B. people have trouble choosfng diet products

　　C. people should put up with diet products

　　D. diet products are misleading people

　　2. The psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to

　　A. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods

　　B, pay attention to their daily diet

　　C. watch their weight rather than their diet

　　D. try out varieties of diet foods

　　3. The underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably means

　　A. diet products cause no pain

　　B, it costs a lot to.lose weight

　　C. losing weight is effortless

　　D. diet products are free of fat and calories

　　4．Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products

　　A. are over-consumed

　　B. are short of basic nutrients

　　C. lack chemicals

　　D. provide too much energy

　　参考答案1—4、 DCCB

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Guide to Stockholm University Library

　　Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

　　Zones

　　The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading，and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

　　Computers

　　You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi－Fi specially prepared for notebook computers；you can also use library computers，which contain the most commonly used applications，such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

　　Group－study Places

　　If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others，you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2－3 people and others can hold up to 6－8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.

　　There are 40 group－study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book，you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day，nine hours at most per week.

　　Storage of Study Material

　　The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分)，you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period.

　　Rules to be Followed

　　Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

　　Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

　　1．The library's upper floor is mainly for students to________.

　　A．read in a quiet place

　　B．have group discussions

　　C．take comfortable seats

　　D．get their computers fixed

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Zones中第二句话The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading可知选A。

　　答案　A。

　　2．What condition should be met to book a group－study room?

　　A．A group must consist of 8 people.

　　B．Three－hour use per day is the minimum.

　　C．One should first register at the university.

　　D．Applicants must mark the room on the map.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Group－study Places中第二段可知选C。

　　答案　C．A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.

　　A．can afford the rental fee

　　B．attends certain courses

　　C．has nowhere to put his books

　　D．has earned the required credits

　　解析　细节理解题。根据Storage of Study Material中第二句可知选D。

　　答案　D．What should NOT be brought into the library?　A．Mobile phones.

　　B．Orange juice.

　　C．Candy.

　　D．Sandwiches.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据Rules to be Followed中mobile phones，drinks and sweets可带入图书馆，排除A、B和C，选D。

　　答案　D