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2016届高考英语二轮专题热点集训:专题13 完形填空

发布时间:2017-01-19  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  专题十三

  完形填空

  【命题趋势探秘】

  命题

  规律 考查内容 记叙文 夹叙夹议文 说明文和议论文

  考查热度 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆

  所占分值 20—30分

  命题

  趋势

  1.体裁:以记叙文和夹叙夹议文章为主,以说明文和议论文为辅。记叙文大都会有比较曲折的故事情节,思路清晰,结构完整,并且趣味性较强,有一定的教育意义,而夹叙夹议的文章一般是叙述作者的某次经历,以及这次经历带给作者的感悟,而这种感悟会涉及个人情感、人生哲理、人际关系、事业与成功等,文章符合考生的阅读心理;说明文的选材一般与中学生的学习生活有关,比如关于人际关系、如何应对压力、身心健康等方面的话题;

  2.篇幅:从近年高考完形填空文章的长度看,高考完形填空的语篇长度会保持在250—350词左右之间,因此平时训练时既要注重限时阅读,也要注意提高对文章长难句的理解能力;

  3.间隔设计:高考英语完形填空试题的难易程度取决于两个因素:1)所选短文本身所含的生词量、语法、句子结构、句子长短、文化背景、解题所需关键信息等;2)词间距的长度:两题之间的间距越长,其中包含的信息量就越多,填空难度就越小;反之亦然。一般来说,文章越长,词间距的跨度就会比较大,特别是在两段之间的过渡信息较多时,间距就较大。高考完形填空的难度系数一般保持在0.55左右,各考区的词间距差异较大,但平均保持在10—15个词左右。

  【高频考点聚焦】

  完形填空是一种综合性的题型,它集词语辨析及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解的考查于一体,既考查考生的语言知识水平,又检测他们的分析判断能力和综合运用语言的实践能力,试题充分体现高考完形填空“以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化”和文章内容体现生活化的命题原则。

  纵观近年各考区的完形填空试题,高考完形填空文章的立意积极向上,很多都是砺志小品文,考官利用这些“心灵鸡汤”向考生传输着积极向上的情感,体现了高考英语完形填空文章弘扬“真善美”的永恒主旨。各考区不同年份的完形填空文章长短不均衡,跨度较大,近3年的完形填空文章长的达到400词,但一般在250—350词左右;试题的设置以考查实词为主,兼顾考查虚词。

  ◇考点1记叙文类完形填空

  【基础知识梳理】

  1.利用信息推敲关系

  记叙文的特点是情景性强,有比较复杂的人物关系,因此在做记叙文类完形填空试题时要认真推敲,把握人物关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。另外,完形填空试题有时所给选项的词义会相近,此时如果脱离语境和人物关系,只看句子一部分,可能会有两个或以上答案;如果放在语境中考虑,利用上下文信息进行分析,则只有一个答案是正确的。

  2.利用首句或首段把握全篇

  首句是全文的引领句,概括了全文的中心和作者的写作意图,细读首句能帮助我们判断文章的题材、体裁和文章大意。完形填空的命题原则一般是首句不设空,一般也不设问,但有时候如果第一句比较长的时候不排除在从句设空(比如2016新课标全国卷I的第36题就是如此);首句介绍与文章内容相关的时间、地点等背景信息。一般来说,记叙文类完形填空第一句会交代故事的时间、地点、人物等相关信息。

  3.把握作者和主人公的情感态度

  高考记叙文类完形填空注重对作者或文章人物的情感态度等方面的考查,因此我们在做记叙文类完形填空试题时,要融入故事中,随着故事主人公而乐,随着人物角色而悲,把握人物情感态度,更有利于我们顺利解题。

  【典例1】(2016·陕西)

  It was Mother’s Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were

  1

  , we realized that only minutes earlier an

  2

  woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground.

  3

  was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.

  4

  a lot of people stopped to help out.

  5

  we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very

  6

  about what had happened to the elderly couple. He

  7

  to me, “Mom, it’s not much fun falling over in front of

  8

  .” Seeing that there was a flower stall(摊位)at the front of the supermarket, he added, “Why shouldn’t we

  9

  the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was

  10

  that he’d come up with this

  11

  idea. So we went over and told the flower seller

  12

  we wanted. “Just take it,” she replied. “I

  13

  take your money for such a wonderful

  14

  .”

  By now medical staff had arrived, and were

  15

  the injured woman. We gave the flower to the woman’s husband and I told him it was

  16

  my son. At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you very much.” He then turned to me, “You have a

  17

  son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”

  The man bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling ger who it was from.

  18

  being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with

  19

  in her eyes and gave him a little

  20

  .

  1. A. leaving B. driving

  C. moving

  D. stopping

  2. A. injured

  B. awkward

  C. honest

  D. elderly

  3. A. Her husband

  B. My son

  C. The crowd

  D. The seller

  4. A. Specifically

  B. Particularly

  C. Interestingly

  D. Fortunately

  5. A. If

  B. Since

  C. While

  D. Unless

  6. A. guilty

  B. curious

  C. angry

  D. worried

  7. A. complained

  B. said

  C. lied

  D. responded

  8. A. no one

  B. someone

  C. everyone

  D. anyone

  9. A. lend

  B. bring

  C. leave

  D. buy

  10. A. amazed

  B. shocked

  C. puzzled

  D. concerned

  11. A. wise

  B. sweet

  C. innocent

  D. crazy

  12. A. which

  B. when

  C. what

  D. whether

  13. A. must not

  B. can’t

  C. may not D. needn’t

  14. A. scene

  B. habit

  C. flower

  D. deed

  15. A. checking with

  B. looking after

  C. operating on D. praying for

  16. A. from

  B. to

  C. with

  D. about

  17. A. respectful

  B. cheerful

  C. successful

  D. wonderful

  18. A. Out of

  B. Regardless of

  C. Thanks to D. As to

  19. A. love

  B. hope

  C. pity

  D. pain

  20. A. idea

  B. money

  C. smile

  D. comfort

  文章大意:这是一篇记叙文,讲述母亲节发生的一件感人的小事,一个5岁孩子所做的事让人为之动容。那么他做了些什么呢?让我们一睹为快吧。

  1.A从后文的only minutes earlier和at the entrance可知,这里说的是作者和孩子一起准备进超市买东西或者准备离开(leave)时的情景,因此选A。

  2.D 下文的the elderly couple,the old man,his wife,the old lady等信息可知选D表示“年迈的,年长的”。

  3.A从下文的gave the flower to the woman’s husband可知选A,这个老太太是跟她的丈夫一起来的。

  4.D前文说老太太伤得很严重,到处是血,下文说很多人停下来帮忙,因此这里用副词fortunately表示“幸运地”。

  5.C联系后文可知,这里用while引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”。

  6.D从前面描述的情况看,孩子应该是担心老太太的情况,因此选D表示“为……担心”,而不是“感到内疚的、好奇的、气愤的”。

  7.B联系后面所说的话,这里用say表示作者的儿子跟她说话,而不是“埋怨、撒谎、回答”。

  8.C这里用everyone表示“每个人”,说的是老太太在众目睽睽之下摔倒了。

  9.D这里用buy表示“买”,小孩提出给老太太买花来安慰她。

  10.A联系语境判断选A,作者为自己5岁的孩子能够提出这样的建议而觉得惊讶,而不是觉得“震惊、困惑、担心”。

  11.B儿子提议给受伤的老太太买花安慰她,这个想法让人觉得甜甜的(sweet),暖暖的,而不是“聪明的、天真的、疯狂的”。

  12.C这里用what引导宾语从句指物,告诉卖花人,我们要买什么东西。

  13.B根据前面一句Just take it判断选B,用can’t表示“不能”:我不能收你们的钱。

  14.D这里卖花人不是说花儿很美丽,而是说作者和她的儿子要为摔倒的老太太送花这一举动很了不起,因此用deed表示“行为”。

  15.B这里说的是两个医护人员来到超市门口,照看摔倒受伤的老太太,用look after表示“照看”,而不是“向……核实;给……做手术;为……祈祷”。

  16.A这里用介词from表示动作的来源:是作者的儿子送给她的。

  17.D看到小孩这么懂事,老先生赞扬说,你有个很了不起的儿子。因此选D表示“很棒的;了不起的”。

  18.B语境表示“尽管”老太太受伤很严重,但她还是抬头看看作者的儿子,用regardless of表示“不管,不顾”。

  19.A收到孩子的礼物,老太太的眼中应该是满是爱意,而不是“怜悯,希望,痛苦”,因此选A。

  20.C结合语境和选项看,这里表示老太太抬头冲着作者的儿子微笑,因此选C。

  【技巧点拨】

  一.名词与动词词义辨析类

  名词词义辨析主要有两种类型:一是四个选项普通词汇,比如表示地点、身份、职业等的名词,这样的试题偏易,考生能通过上下文语境来确定合适的名词;二是四个选项都是高级词汇,比如表示人物之间的关系、对场景的描述,或描述人物心态与情感的名词等。这样的试题有一定难度,需要考生根据文章对某个特定场景或心理活动的描述进行推断或概括。

  完形填空对动词的考查频率高,主要体现在场景的展现、动作的先后关系等,考生在答题时要考虑各动词的具体含义,还要结合具体语境来确定答案。

  因此在备考中应该注意掌握一定数量的名词、动词词义及名词和动词辨析知识,高频名词辨析,以及高考高频的动词可参见本书第一部分第一章专题二“名词”,以及第五章专题一“动词辨析”。

  二. 含有名词的固定搭配或习惯用法

  名词的固定搭配是完形填空常考的知识点之一,高考完形填空对名词习惯搭配的考查主要体现在名词与介词、名词与动词的搭配上。对此类试题,考生既要看文章的逻辑意义,也要看常见搭配的具体含义。平时复习备考中要掌握一定数量的相关搭配。

  ◇考点2夹叙夹议类完形填空

  【基础知识梳理】

  夹叙夹议类完形填空也是高考常考的体裁,这类文章将记叙与议论相结合,常用下面三种结构:1)先叙述一件事,然后就此事提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会话题,或揭示生活的真理。

  2)先提出观点和看法,然后围绕这一观点和看法用具体的事例来论述。

  3)提出一种观点或看法,然后再用事例说明,最后再进一步阐述或总结得出观点。

  解答夹叙夹议类完形填空试题需注意理清文章的结构,弄清文章是先叙再议,还是先议后叙,理清了文章的结构才能更容易地理解文章和答题,特别是在叙述与议论的结合部,更要注意理清文章的结构,否则就会出现文章已经在议论,考生以为还是叙述,继而影响正确答题。

  【核心考点讲练】

  1.确保首尾呼应

  夹叙夹议类完形填空试题的设置比较注重“低头翘尾”,就是说在文章开头第一空往往难度较低,让考生容易融入语境,而最后一空升华全文的主题,与文章开头呼应。因此我们在解答夹叙夹议类完形填空试题时应该抓住文章的首尾句,并结合全文的语境进行逻辑推断。

  2.推断行文逻辑

  完形填空中有些试题不能只从词汇搭配、语法或单句的角度去考虑,还要在上下文中寻找相关提示,确定合理的答案。

  1)运用词汇复现、轻松选择判断:完形填空中,考生可以利用上下文的重复出现的某些信息来确定正确答案。这种重复出现的信息有同义词复现、反义词复现等。

  2)把握主旨,逐条展开:利用文章的首句,抓住文章的主旨大意,在此基础上进行推理判断,从而正确推断出文章的暗含信息。

  【典例1】(2016·新课标全国卷1)

  I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more

  1

  the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “

  2

  a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members,

  3

  , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs(耳塞)or blindfolds(眼罩).

  Just sitting in the wheelchair was a

  4

  experience. I had never considered before how

  5

  it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my

  6

  made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not

  7

  . Then I wondered where to put my

  8

  . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into

  9

  . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of

  10

  for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary(临时的)

  11

  .

  I tried to find a

  12

  position and thought it might be restful,

  13

  kind of nice, to be

  14

  around for a while. Looking around, I

  15

  I would have to handle the thing myself? My hands started to ache as I

  16

  the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the

  17

  of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n)

  18

  task.

  My wheelchair experiment was soon

  19

  . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the

  20

  , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.

  1. A. curious about

  B. interested in

  C. aware of

  D. careful with

  2. A. cure

  B. prevent

  C. adopt

  D. analyze

  3. A. instead

  B. strangely

  C. as usual

  D. like me

  4. A. learning

  B. working

  C. satisfying

  D. relaxing

  5. A. convenient

  B. awkward

  C. boring

  D. exciting

  6. A. height

  B. force

  C. skill

  D. weight

  7. A. locked

  B. repaired

  C. powered

  D. grasped

  8. A. hands

  B. feet

  C. keys

  D. handles

  9. A. place

  B. action

  C. play

  D. effect

  10. A. operation

  B. communication

  C. transportation

  D. production

  11. A. exploration

  B. education

  C. experiment

  D. entertainment

  12. A. flexible

  B. safe

  C. starting

  D. comfortable

  13. A. yet

  B. just

  C. still

  D. even

  14. A. shown

  B. pushed

  C. driven

  D. guided

  15. A. realized

  B. suggested

  C. agreed

  D. admitted

  16. A. lifted

  B. turned

  C. pressed

  D. seized

  17. A. path

  B. position

  C. direction

  D. way

  18. A. easy

  B. heavy

  C. major

  D. extra

  19. A. forgotten

  B. repeated

  C. conducted

  D. finished

  20. A. weaknesses

  B. challenges

  C. anxieties

  D. illnesses

  文章大意:本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。文章说的是残疾人面临的问题普通正常人是很难体会的,本文作者参与的一次活动真实地呈现了残疾人在生活中遇到的困难,让作者感受颇深。

  1. C 根据下文提示可知,这次活动的目的是让作者及其他参与者意识到残疾人所面临的问题。

  2. C 根据下面两句可知,有的人使用了轮椅,有的人则带上了耳塞或眼罩,由此可以推知,这是一次体验活动,每个人都被要求在周末“采用(adopt)一种残疾方式”进行数个小时的体验。

  3. D 通过下句可以推知,此处是在举例说明小组成员所选的体验残疾人活动项目,有一些人,像作者一样,选择了使用轮椅,而有的则选择了其它体验项目。

  4. A 通过本段的描述可知,作者坐上轮椅后费了很大的周折才学会了该怎么操作它,故可以推知这是一个学习的过程。

  5. B 根据下面几句的描述可知,作者坐上轮椅之后手足无措,洋相百出,非常的尴尬(awkward)。

  6. D 根据生活经验可知,作者一坐上去,他的体重就使得轮椅开始滑动。

  7. A 从上一句可知作者一坐上去轮椅就滑动,根据生活常识可以推知,轮椅的轮子没有被锁定。

  8. B 根据下一句可知,作者费了好长时间才把金属脚蹬弄好,故可以推知,他一开始不知道该把脚放在哪里。

  9. A 承接上文,作者费了很长时间才将金属脚蹬安放到位。in place为固定搭配,表示“就绪;到位”。

  10. C 根据上文可知,作者选择了轮椅作为体验残疾的工具,按照规则,他将在几个小时之内以轮椅作为唯一的交通工具。

  11. C 根据最后一段的第一句可以推知,对于作者等体验者来说,只是参加了一次临时的试验而已,而对于残疾人来说,用轮椅走路却不是临时的试验。

  12. D 根据下半句提示可以推知,作者努力地找到一个舒服的姿势坐在轮椅上,并且认为被人推着到处逛游的感觉可能会很放松,甚至会有点美妙。

  13. D作者觉得这样在轮椅上暂时坐一会可能是很放松的,甚至是很美妙的感受。这里用even表示递进关系。

  14. B体验残疾人的感受,坐在轮椅上被人推着到处走动。这里用push表示“推”,而不是“展示、开车驾驶、引导”。

  15. A 作者四下望了望,才意识到自己不得不亲自操纵那个轮椅。

  16. B 根据上半句作者手感到疼痛以及生活经验可知,作者是在用手转动着沉重的轮椅的车轮往前走。

  17. C 根据上句及生活经验可知,作者在体验了轮椅之后,才意识到控制轮椅的方向不是件容易的事。

  18. A 解析见上题。

  19. D 作者的体验残疾人生活的试验不久就结束了(be finished)。

  20. B 根据生活常识,作者所体验到的是残疾人生活当中面临的必须要应对的挑战(challenges),而不是他们的弱点(weakness),焦虑(anxieties)或疾病(illnesses)。

  【技巧点拨】

  1. 考查形容词、副词词义辨析类

  高考完形填空试题,特别是夹叙夹议类试题中,形容词及副词(词组)词义辨析是考查的重点和难点,对于此类考题,考生应该细心比较四个选项,看其基本含义、转换含义、搭配与惯用法,并结合上下文作出正确判断。在备考中应该注意掌握常见形容词与副词的辨析。

  2.考查习惯搭配类

  习惯搭配类试题常出现在夹叙夹议体裁的完形填空中,它包括动词、名词及介词的习惯搭配、逻辑搭配(过渡词、指示代词等)、语义搭配(辨别同义词、近义词、反义词等)、结构搭配(名词、动词、形容词、副词等在句中与其他词的搭配)、固定句式和习惯表达方法等。解答此类试题需要考生有扎实的词汇功底。

  3.语法结构题

  语法结构题是高考完形填空的一个考点,包括:

  1)代词:it,that,this, these,those,something,anybody,everyone等;

  2)介词:at,beyond,against,in,by等

  3)衔接与过渡的副词和介词短语:however, otherwise,therefore, thus, meanwhile, at the same time, on the contrary, in other words等;

  4)定语从句的关系词:that,who,when,where等;

  5)状语从句的从属连词:because,since, unless, though等。

  ◇考点3说明文和议论文类完形填空

  【基础知识梳理】

  1.从近年高考完形填空试题的体裁看,说明文类的完形填空主要出现在上海和广东卷,偶尔也会出现在其他考区,如2016和2016年课标全国卷Ⅰ、2016和2016年重庆,2011年湖南完形填空B篇等。说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。说明文类完形填空有下面这些特点:

  1)文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。

  2)结构清晰。 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。因此在解题时一定要理清文章的说明顺序,把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系。

  3)难度较大。说明文一般表述准确严谨,句子较长,结构较为复杂。

  4)注意说明文的顺序,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理;一般采用“总→分”的篇章结构。

  2.议论文是完形填空试题中最难的体裁,因此高考试卷中较少采用议论文作为完形填空的体裁,2016年广东卷,2016年安徽卷、2016年江苏卷、2016和2016上海卷、2011广东卷、2010江苏卷的考查体裁是议论文。

  议论文体裁的完形填空文章提出论点的方式通常有三种:开门见山提论点,导入式提出论点,或最后提出论点。

  【核心考点讲练】

  1.说明文类完形填空的特点与解题策略

  说明文类完形填空,一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象,如某种理论、方法、技巧、活动等,然后按照从时间、空间、事情发展的顺序,再运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等一定的方式进行介绍或说明。说明某一个存在的社会现象,产品的制作过程,使用方法等。对于这一类型的完形填空,就考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心,注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意,尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。

  2.议论文型完形填空的特点与解题策略

  议论文类的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。解答这类题要遵循下列原则:

  1)对于议论型的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。有一项调查结果表明:英语中有60%~90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句,抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文章也就不难了。

  2) 理清文章的论点、论据和结论。一般说来,能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据里得到印证,且论点里某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点论据形成相辅相成的关系,从而使整篇文章内容上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠条理性和系统性,需要重新来理顺文章中的各部分,直到条理清晰为止,然后再依据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。

  【典例1】(2016·安徽)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a

  1

  reason, such as your job or your studies?

  2

  perhaps you’re interested in the

  3

  , films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a

  4

  of the language.

  Most people learn best using a variety of

  5

  , but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people. They

  6

  an environment where you can practice under the

  7

  of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead

  8

  lives and learning a language takes

  9

  . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a

  10

  . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes

  11

  .

  Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too

  12

  ,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more

  13

  than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any

  14

  . And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people

  15

  about the mistakes they make when

  16

  . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes

  17

  you’re much less likely to make them again.

  Learning a new language is never

  18

  . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be

  19

  by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in

  20

  own language. Good luck!

  1. A. technical

  B. political

  C. practical

  D. physical

  2. A. After

  B. So

  C. Though

  D. Or

  3. A literature

  B. transport

  C. agriculture

  D. medicine

  4. A view

  B. knowledge

  C. form

  D. database

  5. A paintings

  B. regulations

  C. methods

  D. computers

  6. A. protect

  B. change

  C. respect

  D. provide

  7. A. control

  B. command

  C. guidance

  D. pressure

  8. A. busy

  B. happy

  C. simple

  D. normal

  9. A. courage

  B. time

  C. energy

  D. place

  10. A. theory

  B. business

  C. routine

  D. project

  11. A. some risks

  B. a lot less

  C. some notes

  D. a lot more

  12. A. old

  B. nervous

  C. weak

  D. tired

  13. A. closely

  B. quickly

  C. privately

  D. quietly

  14. A. age

  B. speed

  C. distance

  D. school

  15. A. worry

  B. hesitate

  C. think

  D. quarrel

  16. A. singing

  B. working

  C. bargaining

  D. learning

  17. A. if

  B. and

  C. but

  D. before

  18. A. tiresome

  B. hard

  C. interesting

  D. easy

  19. A. blamed

  B. amazed

  C. interrupted

  D. informed

  20. A. their

  B. his

  C. our

  D, your

  文章大意:本篇议论文就学习外语的原因、方法以及外语学习与年龄、犯错误之间关系等进行了讨论。

  1. C句意:你需要外语是因为某一现实的原因(诸如求职或求学)吗?下文说比如找工作的需要,或者学业的需求,因此选C表示“现实的”。

  2. D句意:或许你对另一国的文学、电影、音乐感兴趣,而且你知道掌握该语言将会是多么大的帮助。作者在探询各种原因,因此用or表示“或者”,提出猜测的另外一些原因。

  3. A句意:或许你是对另外一个国家的文学、电影或音乐感兴趣?本空名词与语言学习与运用有关,与movie or music并列,因此选A“文学”,而不是“交通、农业、医药”。

  4. B句意:而且你知道,掌握这门语言对你会有多大的帮助。这里用have a knowledge of表示“掌握,了解”。view“观点,看法”;form“形式,表格,形状”;database“数据库”。

  5. C句意:大多数人使用各种不同的方法学的很好,但对许多人来说,传统的课堂是理想的开端。这是本段的主题句。上段讨论学外语的原因,本段讨论的是学习方法。

  6. D句意:它们(传统的课堂)可以提供一种环境:你可以在一个精通该语言的人的指导下不断练习。这里用provide表示“提供”。protect“保护”,change“改变”,respect“尊重”。

  7. C 这里说的是传统的课堂,因此用under the guidance of表示“在……指导下”。“控制、指令、压力”都不符合对传统课堂的描述。

  8. A接下来讨论的是学习外语需要大量的时间,故选A。句意:我们都生活得很忙碌,但学习外语需要时间。

  9. B与前面的“忙碌”、下文的take years呼应,这里谈的是学习外语需要时间。

  10. C句意:如果定期学习外语,成功的机会更大些,所以要努力养成习惯。根据前面的regularly判断选C。routine例行公事;日常工作;固定节目。

  11. B句意:要想把一门语言学得很流利需要数年的时间,但只要求说得过去,时间则可以少得多。but表示转折,前一句说的是需要很多时间,后一句自然说的相反。故选B。

  12. A句意:许多人开始学习外语,但很快就放弃了。他们会说“我年龄大了”。根据接下来的children和adults可知,本段讨论的是学习外语与年龄之间的关系。故选A。

  13. B根据常识可知,孩子比成年人学习外语更快。故选B。

  14. A本段讨论的是学习外语与“年龄”的关系,故选A。

  15. A句意:我还听人们说:担心学习时会“犯错误”。故选A,worry about 担心。

  16. D本文讨论的是学习外语的事情,因此选D表示“在学习外语时”。

  17. B句意:放松心态,自嘲自己的错误,这样你再次犯错的可能性就会大减。本句使用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。

  18. D句意:学习一门新语言确实很难,但是只要你付出努力,并且投入,那么你就能取得进步。

  19. B句意:当你用对方的语言和他说几句话的时候,对方积极的反应会让你觉得惊喜。这里用amazed表示“惊喜”,而不是“责备、打断、通告”。

  20. A这里用their指代主句中的some people。

  【技巧点拨】

  完形填空解题四防范

  1.防范忽略上下语境关系

  不少考生做完形填空时不顾全文的整体理解,不考虑作者的主旨、思想态度等,甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑,看一题做一题,顾此失彼,造成较多的失误分。

  2.防范忽略搭配与词义的推敲能力

  1) 准确把握介词和连词的选用

  对介词的考查也是完形填空的考点,每年各考区都有1—2题以介词为考点,主要涉及:1)不同的介词与动词构成的动词短语,比如考查take与on, off, up, down,come与across, from, off, up(2016湖北),fall与to,on,,off,against(2016北京卷),walk与across,through,along,past(2016福建卷)等;2)考查介词短语辨析,如in spite of,in terms of,in control of与in place of(2016天津卷)等;3)考查形容词与介词的搭配,如curious about,interested in,aware of,careful with(2016课标全国Ⅰ);4)介词与介词的搭配,如from behind, from under等。

  2)准确分析长难句

  高考完形填空文章都会有一些长难句,在文中使用各种从句、插入语,或者使用祈使句、省略句、疑问句和感叹句等各种句式结构等。这样的长句中往往设置了2个甚至更多试题,这就给我们的理解和解题带来一定的麻烦,因此在平时复习备考中要注意学会分析句子成分,以准确理解句意。

  3.防范偏离主题,忽略作者意图

  完形填空设置选项往往在词性、词义上都是一致、相似的选项,代入设空处没有语法毛病,意义上相差甚微,此时一定要推测文章主题、作者意图、主旨等,不可马虎草率。

  4.防范只顾词义,忽略语法结构

  议论文体裁的完形填空常使用比如平行结构等语法结构来论证自己的观点,掌握这些结构相似的句子,从中感悟作者对话题的态度,这能提高我们答题的正确率。

  专题热点集训13 完形填空

  (每篇15分钟)

  Cloze 1(2015·湖南)

  阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

  g of each other. This was the power that __12__ in the classroom could have.

  1. A. glad

  B. safe

  C. kind

  D. quiet

  2. A. end

  B. aim

  C. rule

  D. plan

  3. A. guessing

  B. shaking

  C. responding

  D. laughing

  4. A. eyes

  B. mouths

  C. books

  D. doors

  5. A. Punctually

  B. Importantly

  C. Amazingly

  D. Obviously

  6. A. passed one on

  B. gave one back

  C. turned one in

  D. took one out

  7. A. slept

  B. nodded

  C. waited

  D. continued

  8. A. talking

  B. singing

  C. dancing

  D. listening

  9. A. legs

  B. heads

  C. arms

  D. shoulders

  10. A. teach

  B. imagine

  C. play

  D. understand

  11. A. unprepared

  B. unspoken

  C. unknown

  D. unforgotten

  12. A. games

  B. music

  C. tears

  D. knowledge

  Cloze 2(201·重庆)

  阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

  One school day Alice returned home very late. With a quarrel in view. I was surprised to see Alice was __3__.

  “I hope I did the right thing,Mom.”Alice said. “I saw a cat,all bloody but alive. I __19__ it to the vet's(宠物医院),and was asked to make payment __4__. As I couldn't reach anyone at the phone number on the cat's tag(标牌),I had to pay the bill.”

  In the following days,the owner still couldn't be __5__. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew __6__ : what if the family had simply left the cat behind?

  A week went by. A woman called to speak to Alice.

  “She is at school,” I said.

  “You have a __7__ daughter,” she said,apparently in tears.

  Her family had just returned from abroad,and got a(n)__8__ from the vet. Their cat was recovering,thanks to Alice's __9__. “We can't wait to hug Cuddles again,” she sobbed.

  Upon her return home,Alice was filled with __10__ at the news. So was I. I learned through another woman's eyes that my daughter was still a good person despite her __11__ teenage years. Her warm heart would surely guide her in the right direction.

  1. A. pleasant

  B. painful

  C. unwise

  D. inspiring

  2. A. remain

  B. match

  C. appear

  D. work

  3. A. annoyed

  B. amused

  C. worried

  D. interested

  4. A. carried

  B. followed

  C. returned

  D. guided

  5. A. monthly

  B. honestly

  C. generously

  D. immediately

  6. A. trusted

  B. contacted

  C. persuaded

  D. satisfied

  7. A. active

  B. rude

  C. anxious

  D. proud

  8. A. pretty

  B. grateful

  C. wonderful

  D. curious

  9. A. apology

  B. invitation

  C. message

  D. reply

  10. A. suggestion

  B. donation

  C. encouragement

  D. help

  11. A. love

  B. anger

  C. regret

  D. joy

  12. A. troubled

  B. long

  C. boring

  D. quiet

  Cloze 3(201)

  阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

  Travelers have traditionally fought this __3__ with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as __4__.

  For example,the moment you get on the airplane,start __5__ your biological block to the destination's time. If it's daytime in your destination,try to stay __6__. Walking around the cabin(客舱) can be of help. When it's nighttime,try to sleep. In that case,eat before the flight,__7__ an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new __8__ of sleep and wakefulness.

  1. A. flight

  B. change

  C. demand

  D. climate

  2. A. suffering from

  B. working on

  C. looking into

  D. leading to

  3. A. danger

  B. problem

  C. waste

  D. fear

  4. A. briefly

  B. slowly

  C. suddenly

  D. effectively

  5. A. checking

  B. sending

  C. adjusting

  D. stopping

  6. A. awake

  B. alone

  C. hungry

  D. calm

  7. A. though

  B. so

  C. while

  D. or

  8. A. understanding

  B. cycle

  C. research

  D. trend

  Cloze 4(201·浙江)

  reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine__5__ a college year's monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars.

  The thing is,a number of them have __6__that despite their success,they aren't happy. Some __7__ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they __8__. Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and __9__. However,instead of devoting themselves to their work,they find themselves working to support the __10__ to which they have so quickly become __11__.

  People often speak of trying a more satisfying path,and __12__ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they __13__ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it' s __14__. They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款) to __15__,retirement to save for. They recognize there's something __16__ in their lives,but it's __17__ to step off the track.

  In a society that tends to __18__ everything in terms of dollars and cents,we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our __19__ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs __20__ in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most.

  1. A. much

  B. never

  C. seldom

  D. well

  2. A. policies

  B. standards

  C. experiments

  D. regulations

  3. A. last

  B. least

  C. second

  D. best

  4. A. cycled

  B. moved

  C. slid

  D. looked

  5. A. shared

  B. paid

  C. equaled

  D. collected

  6. A. advertised

  B. witnessed

  C. admitted

  D. demanded

  7. A. complain

  B. dream

  C. hear

  D. approve

  8. A. distribute

  B. hate

  C. applaud

  D. neglect

  9. A. calm

  B. guilty

  C. warm

  D. empty

  10. A. family

  B. government

  C. lifestyle

  D. project

  11. A. accustomed

  B. appointed

  C. unique

  D. available

  12. A. yet

  B. also

  C. instead

  D. rather

  13. A. let out

  B. turn in

  C. give up

  D. believe in

  14. A. fundamental

  B. practical

  C. impossible

  D. unforgettable

  15. A. take off

  B. drop off

  C. put off

  D. pay off

  16. A. missing

  B. inspiring

  C. sinking

  D. shining

  17. A. harmful

  B. hard

  C. useful

  D. normal

  18. A. measure

  B. suffer

  C. digest

  D. deliver

  19. A. disasters

  B. motivations

  C. campaigns

  D. decisions

  20. A. assessed

  B. involved

  C. covered

  D. reduced

  Cloze 5(2016·陕西)

  To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We

  1

  hamburgers and Coca Colar at the counter. When our

  2

  came, I started walking towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap(带子) got

  3

  on a chair and the tray (托盘) that I was holding slipped

  4

  my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents,

  5

  on a man who was just about to

  6

  a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly

  7

  , as the drinks soaked(浸湿) his white shirt.

  Then I

  8

  my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of

  9

  . Instead, he said “It’s OK” to

  10

  me before he disappeared into washroom.

  Still shaky and unsure

  11

  to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look

  12

  . A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and

  13

  our table. My heart almost stopped

  14

  . I though he was going to ask for my father’s

  15

  and call him.

  To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “

  16

  yourself new hamburgers.” He then walked

  17

  without even finishing his food.

  He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse,

  18

  he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still

  19

  in this world. I’ll never

  20

  his actions.

  1. A. ordered

  B. made

  C. arranged

  D. demanded

  2. A. food

  B. turn C. bill

  D. menu

  3. A. fixed

  B. caught

  C. cut

  D. tied

  4. A. by

  B. in

  C. from D. out

  5. A. knocked

  B. fell

  C. stood D. hung

  6. A. take

  B. taste

  C. swallow

  D. chew

  7. A. discouraged

  B. disappointed

  C. shocked

  D. annoyed

  8. A. rolled B. rubbed

  C. narrowed

  D. closed

  9. A. bitterness

  B. anxiety

  C. anger D. sorrow

  10. A. satisfy

  B. comfort

  C. encourage

  D. praise

  11. A. how

  B. who

  C. what D. which

  12. A. mild

  B. honest

  C. calm D. modest

  13. A. pushed

  B. approached

  C. drew D. laid

  14. A. beating

  B. breaking

  C. sinking

  D. trembling

  15. A. help

  B. position

  C. number

  D. job

  16. A. Prepare

  B. Buy C. Find

  D. Cook

  17. A. on

  B. around

  C. up

  D. away

  18. A. so

  B. since C. although

  D. but

  19. A. kindness

  B. happiness

  C. politeness

  D. brightness

  20. A. forget B. refuse

  C. oppose

  D. ignore

  Cloze 6(2016·辽宁)

  A little girl lived in a simple and poor house on a hill. Usually she

  1

  play in the small garden. She could see over the garden fence and across the valley a wonderful house with shining golden windows high on another hill.

  2

  she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and

  3

  all day about how wonderful and exciting

  4

  must feel to live there.

  At the age when she gained some

  5

  skill and sensibility(识别力), she

  6

  her mother for a bike ride

  ___7

  the garden. Her mother finally allowed her to go,

  8

  her keeping close to the house and not

  9

  too far. The day was beautiful. The little girl knew

  10

  where she was heading!

  11

  the hill and across the valley, she rode to the

  12

  of the golden house.

  13

  she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path

  _14 _ to the house and then on the house itself. She was very disappointed when she

  15

  that all the windows were

  16

  and rather dirty.

  So

  17

  and heart-broken, she didn’t go any further. She

  18

  , and all of a sudden she saw an amazing ___19

  . There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden. Looking at her little home, she

  _20 __ that she had been living in her golden house filled with love and care. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her house.

  1. A. might

  B. should

  C. would

  D. must

  2. A. Unless

  B. Although

  C. Since

  D. But

  3. A. dreamed

  B. worried

  C. asked

  D. shouted

  4. A. this

  B. that

  C. it

  D. which

  5. A. different

  B. scientific

  C. musical

  D. basic

  6. A. begged

  B. blamed

  C. invited

  D. paid

  7. A. inside

  B. outside

  C. through

  D. along

  8. A. insisting on

  B. relying on

  C. arguing about

  D. wondering about

  9. A. traveling

  B. running

  C. riding

  D. walking

  10. A. madly

  B. rapidly

  C. exactly

  D. possibly

  11. A. Over

  B. Down

  C. Around

  D. Beside

  12. A. windows

  B. steps

  C. center

  D. gate

  13. A. Until

  B. As

  C. While

  D. Because

  14. A. getting

  B. introducing

  C. leading

  D. moving

  15. A. felt

  B. learned

  C. concluded

  D. found

  16. A. transported

  B. bright

  C. plain

  D. wide

  17. A. anxious

  B. angry

  C. serious

  D. sad

  18. A. turned down

  B. cheered up

  C. settled down

  D. dropped in

  19. A. hill

  B. valley

  C. background

  D. sight

  20. A. imagined

  B. decided

  C. realized

  D. guessed

  Cloze 7(2016·江苏)

  I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us

  1

  chasing the same thing.

  One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell

  2

  . I found myself homeless and alone. I had my truck and $56. I

  3

  the countryside for some place I could rent for the

  4

  possible amount. I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road

  5

  the Potomac River in West Virginia. It was

  6

  , full of broken glass and rubbish. I found the owner , rented it, and

  7

  a corner to camp in.

  The locals knew nothing about me,

  8

  slowly, they started teaching me the

  9

  of being a neighbor. They dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began

  10

  around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a

  11

  American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of

  12

  .

  What I had believed in, all those things I thought were

  13

  for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place.

  14

  on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my

  15

  with my neighbors.

  Four years later, I moved back into 16

  . I saw many people were having a really hard time,

  17

  their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to

  18

  a handful of people . There are four of us now in the house, but over time I’ve had nine people come in and move on to other places. We’d all be in

  19

  if we hadn’t banded together.

  The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It’s not so much about what I can get for myself; it’s about

  20

  we can all get by together.

  1. A. separately

  B. equally

  C. violently D. naturally

  2. A. off

  B. apart

  C. over

  D. out

  3. A. crossed B. left

  C. toured

  D. searched

  4. A. fullest

  B. largest

  C. fairest

  D. cheapest

  5. A. at

  B. through

  C. over

  D. round

  6. A. occupied

  B. abandoned

  C. emptied

  D. robbed

  7. A. turned

  B. approached

  C. cleared

  D. cut

  8. A. but

  B. although

  C. otherwise

  D. for

  9. A. benefit

  B. lesson C. nature

  D. art

  10. A. sticking B. looking

  C. swinging D. turning

  11. A. wild

  B. real

  C. different

  D. remote

  12. A. neighborliness

  B. happiness

  C. friendliness

  D. kindness

  13. A. unique

  B. expensive

  C. rare

  D. necessary

  14. A. Up

  B. Down

  C. Deep

  D. Along

  15. A. cooperation

  B. relationships

  C. satisfaction

  D. appointments

  16. A. reality

  B. society

  C. town

  D. life

  17. A. creating B. losing

  C. quitting

  D. offering

  18. A. put in

  B. turn in

  C. take in

  D. get in

  19. A. yards

  B. shelters C. camps

  D. cottages

  20. A. when

  B. what

  C. whether

  D. how

  Cloze 8(2016·新课标全国Ⅱ)

  Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets

  1

  him, especially those who are

  2

  .

  For those people, he is "Gloves" Greenberg. How did he get that

  3

  ? He looks like any other businessman, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱). But he's

  4 _. His briefcase always has some gloves.

  In winter, Mr. Greenberg does not

  5

  like other New Yorkers, who look at the sidewalk and

  6

  the street. He looks around at

  7

  . He stops when he

  8

  someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he

  9

  , looking for more people with cold

  10

  .

  On winter days, Mr. Greenberg

  11

  gloves. During the rest of the year, he

  12

  gloves. People who have heard about him

  13

  him gloves, and he has many in his apartment.

  Mr. Greenberg

  14

  doing this 21 years ago. Now, many poor New Yorkers know him and

  15

  his behavior. But people who don't know him are sometimes

  16

  him. They don't realize that he just wants to make them

  17

  .

  It runs in the

  18

  . Michael's father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. Michael Greenberg feels the

  19

  . A pair of gloves may be a

  20

  thing, but it can make a big difference in winter.

  1. A. know about

  B. learn from

  C. cheer for

  D. look after

  2. A. old

  B. busy

  C. kind

  D. poor

  3. A. job

  B. name

  C. chance

  D. message

  4. A. calm

  B. different

  C. crazy

  D. curious

  5. A. act

  B. sound

  C. feel

  D. dress

  6. A. cross over

  B. drive along

  C. hurry down

  D. keep off

  7. A. cars

  B. people

  C. street numbers

  D. traffic lights

  8. A. helps

  B . chooses

  C. greets

  D. sees

  9. A. holds up

  B. hangs out

  C. moves on

  D. turns around

  10. A. hands

  B. ears

  C. faces

  D. eyes

  11. A. searches for

  B. stores up

  C. gives away

  D. puts on

  12. A. borrows

  B. sells

  C. returns

  D. buys

  13. A. call

  B. send

  C. lend

  D. show

  14. A. delayed

  B. remembered

  C. began

  D. enjoyed

  15. A. understand

  B. dislike

  C. study

  D. excuse

  16. A. sorry for

  B. satisfied with C. proud of

  D. surprised by

  17. A. smart

  B. rich

  C. special

  D. happy

  18. A. city

  B. family

  C. neighborhood

  D. company

  19. A. honor

  B. pain

  C. same

  D. cold

  20. A. small

  B. useful

  C. delightful

  D. comforting

  专题热点集训13 完形填空

  参考答案与解析

  Cloze 1

  文章大意:

  Cloze 2

  文章大意:

  Cloze 3

  文章大意:

  Cloze 4(201·浙江)

  Cloze 5(2016·陕西)

  本文是夹叙夹议类的文章。“我”与朋友在饭店吃饭时,不小心将可口可乐洒在了一位先生的身上,那人不仅没有恼怒,还给“我”钱让“我”再买杯可乐,由此“我”认识到善良的确是无处不在的。

  1. A 前面说我们到快餐店,后面说走向一张空桌子,由此判断这里用order表示点了汉堡和可口可乐。

  2. A 前面说我点了汉堡和可乐,因此这里表示我们点的饭到了,“我”端着饭,向一空桌子走去。

  3. B 结合下文可推断“我”钱包的带子挂在了椅子上。

  4. C 联系空后的and went flying in the air可知,托盘从“我”手中滑落。

  5. B托盘和盘子里的菜从“我”手中滑落后掉在一个男子身上。

  6. A 联系空后的a bit of his sandwich可知,那个人正要吃东西,就在这时“我”把可乐洒在了他身上。

  7. C 从下文可知,把可乐洒在那人身上后,“我”很震惊,茫然不知所措。

  8. D 联系下文可知,把可乐撒在他身上后,“我”茫然不知所措,只有闭上眼睛,等待他发脾气。

  9. C 依据常识判断,“我”无缘无故将可乐洒在那人的白色衬衣上,他一定会对“我”发火的。

  10. B 联系前文Instead, he said “It’s OK. ”可知,他说“没什么”对“我”安慰。

  11. C 从空后的to do next可知“我”不能确定下一步该做什么。从语法的角度,此空用what作do的宾语。

  12. C 前文说我还在颤抖,不知道怎么办,可见坐下后“我”尽量表现出平静。

  13. B 这里表示那人从洗漱间走出来后,向我们的桌子走来。

  14. A语境表示那人向“我”走来的时候,“我”紧张得心脏几乎停止了跳动。

  15. C 结合空后的and call him可知,“我“意为他要过来向”我“要”我“父亲的电话号码,打电话给”我“父亲。

  16. B 联系空后的yourself new hamburgers可知,他给“我“钱,要”我“再买汉堡。

  17. D 从后文知道他甚至还没有吃完自己的东西就起身离开了。

  18. D 前后为转折关系,因此用but。

  119. A 结合这个人的作为可知,此时“我“相信这个世界上善良是存在的。

  20. A 联系空前的I’ll never可知,“我“永远也不会忘记他的行为。

  Cloze 6(2016·辽宁)

  文章大意:本篇记叙文通过一个小女孩的故事告诉我们,不要对我们眼前的幸福视而不见。

  1. C根据句首的usually可以推知,此处表示小女孩在过去常常做的事,故应用would,如:He would sit for hours doing nothing. 他常常什么事也不做,一坐就好几小时。might“可能”;should“应该”;must“一定”。

  2. B尽管(Although)她很爱他的父母和家人,但是她很渴望住在那样的一间房子里。unless“除非”;since“自从;既然”;but“但是”。

  3. A小女孩想象着(dreamed)如果住在那里的感觉会是多么美妙和令人兴奋。其它几项明显不合逻辑。

  4. C解析见上题。根据句意及句法,此处应该是形式主语,指代后面的to live there,故只能用it。

  5. D等到小女孩长到已经获得基本的技能和识别力的时候。根据生活常识,此处指的是孩子具备单独外出所需要的技能和识别力的时候。

  6. A通过下文可知,小女孩恳求(begged)母亲让她出去骑自行车。

  7. B通过下一句中“not……too far”可知,母亲允许小女孩到花园外面去骑自行车。

  8. A母亲允许女孩外出骑自行车,但是坚持要求(insisted on)骑车的时候要紧靠房子,骑行(riding)不能太快。

  9. C解析见上题。

  10. C根据下一句可知,小女孩对于骑行的目的地非常的明确,就是对面山上的那座房子。

  11. B根据上文可知,小女孩住在山上,而她非常仰慕的那座房子在另一座山上,所以要到那里首先她得沿着她家所在的那座山向下骑行(down the hill)。

  12. D根据下面一段的首句提示小女孩把自行车靠在那座房子的大门柱子上,根据生活经验可以推知,小女孩骑行的过程中是以那座房子的大门为骑行目标。

  13. B根据句意可知此处考查时间状语从句的引导词,表示“当……的时候”,应选as;while作此意讲时后面常常跟延续性动词。A选项意为“直到”,表示“某动作一直延续到……”,很明显本题中focus o……不是一直延续到小女孩下自行车,故直接排除;D选项意为“因为”,明显不合题意。

  14. C根据生活常识,小女孩看着那条通往(leading to)房子的小路和房子本身。

  15. D根据句意此处表示“当她发现……”,指用眼睛看到,应选found。feel意为“摸到;心里感到”;learn意为“学会;懂得”;conclude“得出结论”。

  16. C根据与空白处并列的形容词dirty可以推知,此处应选择表示房子状况不好的形容词,只有C选项plain(平常的,普通的)符合此意。

  17. D根据与空白处并列的形容词heart-broken可以推知,小女孩非常的伤心难过(sad)。

  18. A从上文可知,小女孩的家与她仰慕的这座房子隔着一个山谷,分别位于两座山上,所以她转过身来(turn around)就能看到自家的房子,与下句相照应。

  19.D根据下面一句可知,小女孩看到了让自己非常吃惊的一道景观(sight)。

  20. C通过本空后面的句子可知小女孩意识到了:自己一直都生活在充满着关爱的金色房子里,她所梦想的一切其实就在她的眼前。

  Cloze 7(2016·江苏)

  文章大意:本篇夹叙夹议的散文主题是关于美国梦。讲述作者在遭遇一系列不幸后,在乡村的经历让他明白了美国梦不是单枪匹马的个人奋斗,而是团结一致共度难关。

  1. A语境提到like everyone else,alone,文章最后说“我现在相信的美国梦是一个大家分享的梦想”。结合语境和作者最后的感悟判断,这里选A表示大家各自为阵,追求同一个梦想,而不是equally“相等地;平等地”;violently“猛烈地,激烈地”;naturally“自然地”。

  2. B句意:就一年的时间里,作者经历了一系列不快乐的事,于是作者的美国梦分崩离析了/破碎了。fall apart“崩溃,破碎”符合句意。fall off“减少;跌落;变坏”;fall over“被…绊倒;意外地从……上跌落”;fall out“争吵,结果,解散”。

  3. D在穷困潦倒时,作者只得到乡村找个便宜的居所,此处搭配为search…for…。其余均不符。

  4. D语境说作者只有一辆卡车和56美元,因此他在乡下到处搜寻的目的是找最便宜的。

  5. C沿着一条蜿蜒山路上行4英里才能到这个破房子,这里提到山,那么应该是这座山上能俯瞰波托马克河,用over表示“在……上方”。at“在……一边/附近”,through“穿过”,round“环绕”都不符合这两者的位置关系。

  6. B既然是破旧的房子,到处都是破碎的玻璃碎片和垃圾,看来主人早已把这个房子遗弃了。occupy“占用,使用”;abandon“抛弃,遗弃”,empty“腾空”,rob“抢劫”。根据语境判断选B。

  7. C这里用clear表示“清理,清除”:作者先清理出一个角落,暂时先住下来。approach“接近,靠近”;turn“旋转;使改变方向”;cut“剪切”。

  8. A当地人对作者一无所知,但他们却教作者与邻居相处的技巧。语境表示转折关系,因此选A。although“尽管;虽然”是连词应该引导从句;otherwise“否则,不然”;for“因为,由于”。

  9. D邻居们教作者应该如何与邻居们相处的技巧,因此选D表示“艺术,技能”。benefit“利益,好处”;lesson“教训,训诫”;nature“自然;天性;天理”。

  10. A语境表示邻居们开始聚在一起聊天,用stick around表示“逗留,待在附近”。look around“环顾;四下看”;swing around“使转过”;turn around“(使)转身;(使)好转”。

  11. C文章第一段讲到了“the American Dream,which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success”,空格后提示“not the one of individual achievement”,可知这是一个不同的(different)American Dream。

  12. A与前面的individual对应,这里用neighborliness表示“睦邻友好”:邻居教他,这个美国梦不是靠每个个人单枪匹马去追逐的,而是邻里之间团结一致。其他三个选项都与前面的individual没有关系。

  13. D句意:先前作者一直信奉的那些东西,以为是现代文明生活所必需的那些东西,在这里都找不到。作者在这里所得到的教诲与先前所了解的不同,从此作者的观念开始发生转变,不再崇尚个人奋斗,而是大家共同努力。

  14. A前面已经说了,作者现在住在山上,因此选A。

  15. B句意:在这个山上,我最珍贵的财产是我和邻居们的关系(relationships)。其余三项“合作;满意;约会“均不符合语境。

  16. C文章开头说作者到乡村找地方租住,现在要回去,那么就应该是搬回城里(town),而不是回到“现实;社会;生活“中。

  17. B语境说“我看见很多人的日子过的都很艰难”,那么这里说的应该是这些人和作者当初一样没有工作,无家可归,而不是这些人“创造(A)、退出(C)、提供(D)”工作和家。

  18. C句意:于是,我想办法租了一个大房子,并收留了一些人。这里用take sb in表示“收容,收留,收养”。put in:安装,放进;进入;turn in:交还,上交;get in收获,进入。

  19. B句意:如果我们不团结在一起,我们都会流落到住收容所(shelters)。

  20. D句意:美国梦不是我自己能得到什么,而是关于我们所有人如何能够一起度过难关。这个宾语从句使用了短语get by表示“勉强生存”,因此用how引导宾语从句表示“我们怎样才能一起共度难关”。

  Cloze 8(2016·新课标全国卷2)

  本文是一篇记叙文。在纽约,格林贝尔格是一个很受人们喜爱的人,这不是因为他是什么大人物,而是因为他的行为,在冬天,他通过送手套给人们带来温暖。

  1. A前面说他在纽约拥有很高的知名度,因此这里表示街头巷尾人们都知道(know about)他。

  2. D从全文的叙述可知他总是雪中送炭地给人送去一双双手套,因此得到他的帮助的人,知道他的人,都是穷人而不是“老人、忙碌的人、好心人”。倒数第二段的many poor New Yorkers也提示了本题的答案是D。

  3. B前面说到在那些人的眼里他就是“Gloves” Greenberg “手套”格林贝尔格,作者在展开叙述前先来一个疑问:他这个名字是怎么来的呢?因此选B。

  4. B语境表示他的外表看上去和一般的商人一样,但是他又与别的商人不一样。

  5. A语境描述他与其他商人走路的样子不同:其他的纽约人是眼睛看着人行道,行色匆匆,而他却是一边走一边东张西望,因此选A,这里说的是他与别人的行为不一样。

  6. C语境说其他的纽约人是眼睛看着人行道,那么这里不是选A表示“穿过”, drive along“开车”;keep off“避开”都不符合这里的“看着人行道”,而是选C表示行色匆匆地走远了。

  7. B下文说当他看见没有戴手套的人的时候就停下脚步,由此可知本空选B,他走路的时候看周围的行人,而不是看汽车、街道门牌号码、交通信号灯。

  8. D当他看到(sees)有人没有手套,他就送给他们一副。

  9. C手套送完之后就继续走(moves on)。其中holds up 意为“举起”;hangs out意为“晾晒”;turns around意为“转身”。

  10. A他继续往前走,寻找没戴手套的人,也就是寻找更多的手(hands),即受冻的人。

  11. C前面说了,在冬天Michael Greenberg给没有手套的行人分发(gives away)手套。

  12. DMichael Greenberg在冬天分发手套,那么在其他季节他就购买(buys)手套而不是“借、卖、送还”手套。

  13. B这里表示听说他的故事,有些人会送给(send)他手套,因此他的家里有很多手套。

  14. C这里采用倒叙的手法描述当初,21年前他就开始这样做了。

  15. A如今纽约的很多穷人都知道他,也理解他为什么这样做。因此选A表示“理解,明白”,而“不喜欢、研究、原谅”都不对。

  16. D不了解他的人有时会对他的行为感到吃惊(surprised by)。

  17. D这些人不明白,他这样做只是为了给没有手套的穷人送去一份快乐(happy),而不是让这些得到手套的穷人变得更聪明、更富裕、更特别。

  18. B下文提到他爸爸也总是帮助穷人,因此选B表示这种助人为乐的精神在他家里延续着。

  19. C在爸爸的影响下,格林贝尔格也有同样的(same)感受。

  20. A仅仅是一双手套的小事一桩,但这手套在冬天却发挥了大作用。

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