四川省成都市2016届高考英语阅读理解二轮提升训练（19）（含解析）

　　阅读理解—主旨大意题、标题概括题。

　　(2015年山西太原五中月考)

　　Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.

　　If you're obese, blame your genes.

　　Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.

　　At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calorie than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.

　　If you're obese, you lack self-control.

　　Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can't understand. Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.

　　Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity.

　　Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the “ food deserts”, about 65 percent of the nation's population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.

　　The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don't exercise.

　　Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much.

　　The author mentioned Deborah Cohen's book in Paragraph 1 to

　　.

　　Introduce the topic

　　Draw readers' attention

　　Introduce the author of the book

　　Advertise the book

　　What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?

　　The less you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have

　　The less you eat at home, the lower rates of obesity you have.

　　The more you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.

　　The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.

　　What's the best title of this passage?

　　Four misunderstandings of obesity

　　Four rules to help you avoid obesity

　　Obesity leads to a big fat crisis

　　Lacking self-control leads to obesity

　　语篇解读

　　本文通过一本书告诉我们关于肥胖的四个误区。

　　A 细节推断题。根据第一段According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.可知，根据这本书有许多关于肥胖的误区 ，下面举了四个误区，故选A项。

　　C 细节理解题。根据第一个误区中的because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home ,so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.可知，因为餐馆的菜的热量比家里的菜的热量高很多，因此在餐馆吃的次数越多，获得的热量就越高，故选C项。

　　A 主旨大意题。本文讲述通过一本书，提到关于肥胖的四个误区，故选A项。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.

　　The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.

　　There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager’s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

　　But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.

　　Whatever the arguments for and against word processor are, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.

　　1. Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_________.

　　A. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers

　　B. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today

　　C. these computers did not come onto the market

　　D. these companies did not need to use this new technology

　　2. According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is __________.

　　A. the saving of time and money

　　B. the use of computers in small companies

　　C. the wide use of word processors

　　D. the decreasing number of secretaries

　　3. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _________.

　　A. some secretaries will lose their jobs

　　B. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours

　　C. medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased greatly

　　D. the British companies will make less money

　　4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor.

　　B. The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.

　　C. The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.

　　D. Using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.

　　5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　A. safety screens are of poor quality

　　B. working at a VDU for a long time is good for one’s health

　　C. more and more British offices will use word processors

　　D. British companies will need fewer and fewer managers

　　【参考答案】1—5、ACABC

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。As temperatures go up, bison（北美野牛）get smaller. Joseph Craine, research assistant professor in the Division of Biology at Kansas State University, examined how climate change during the next 50 years will affect grazing（放牧）animals such as bison and cattle in the Great Plains.

　　“Bison are one of our most important conservation animals and hold a unique role in grasslands in North America,” Craine said. “In addition to their cultural and ecological significance, they’re economically important. There are about half a million bison in the world.” Craine analyzed a data set of 290,000 weights, ages and sexes collected from 22 bison herds（兽群）throughout the U. S. The organizations kept annual records of each animal in the herd and matched the data with the climates of the sites.

　　Based on differences in sizes of bison across herds, Craine found that during the next 50 years, future generations of bison will be smaller in size and weigh less. Climate is likely to reduce the nutritional quality of grasses, causing the animals to grow more slowly.

　　“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Craine said. “We also know that warmer grasslands have grasses with less protein（蛋白质）, and we now know that warmer grasslands have smaller grazers. It all lines up to suggest that climate change will cause grasses to have less protein and cause grazers to gain less weight in the future.”

　　Craine said the results of climate change in coming decades can already be seen by comparing bison in cooler, wetter places with those in warmer, drier places. For example, the average 7-year-old male bison in South Dakota weighed 1, 900 pounds, while an average 7- year-old male bison in Oklahoma — a warmer place — weighed 1, 300 pounds.

　　“The difference in temperature between those two states is around 20 degrees Fahrenheit, which is about three times the projected increase in temperatures over the next 75 years,” Craine said. “It is a clear indicator that long-term warming will affect bison and is something that will happen across the U.S. over the next 50-75 years.”

　　1..In the next fifty years, researchers Say, bison will ________.

　　A. become smaller and lighter

　　B. disappear in the Great Plains

　　C. play a less important part

　　D. adapt to different climate changes

　　2.The underlined word “grazers” probably refers to ________.

　　A. the researchers 

　　B. the grasses

　　C. the bison        

　　 D. the protein

　　3.What is the main reason for the bison to become smaller?

　　A. The deceasing amount of grass.

　　B. The rising temperature.

　　C. The rising number of bison.

　　D. The loss of weight.

　　4.Paragraph 5 is written as an example to show ________.

　　A. Craine’s prediction will come true in 50 years

　　B. bison are smaller than in the past

　　C. the nature balance is being destroyed

　　D. bison’s size is linked with different climate

　　参考答案1—4、ACBD

　　阅读理解。

　　An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.

　　All sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.

　　There are other phrases meaning the same thing as ?applepolishing?—?softsoaping? or ?butteringup?. A gift is just one way to ?softsoap? somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise—telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.

　　Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.

　　We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.

　　Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.

　　He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.

　　1．Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？

　　A．A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.

　　B．An employee tells her boss how good he is at management.

　　C．A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.

　　D．A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.

　　2．What does the writer want to prove with Cromwell's example?

　　A．Everybody can be an apple polisher.

　　B．Cromwell was not a good apple polisher.

　　C．George Fox and his party were not apple polishers.

　　D．There are people who don't like being applepolished.

　　3．Which of the following statements about flattery is TRUE according to the author?

　　A．Too much flattery can carry us away.

　　B．Flattery is too empty to do people any good.

　　C．Flattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.

　　D．Flattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.

　　4．Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore?

　　A．Because he was sick of his normal life.

　　B．Because he disliked being overpraised any more.

　　C．Because he wanted them to realize how wise he was.

　　D．Because he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.

　　5．Who does the author think that flattery can do good to?

　　A．Those who are politicians or in high offices.

　　B．Those who lack confidence.

　　C．Those who are really excellent.

　　D．Those who think highly of themselves.

　　【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。

　　1．D　推理判断题。根据“An ‘apple polisher’ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选D项。

　　2．A　细节理解题。根据“All sorts of people are ‘apple polishers’，including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody.Oliver Cromwell，the great English leader，offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选A项。

　　3．D　细节理解题。根据“An ‘apple polisher’ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和“A gift is just one way to ‘softsoap’ somebody，or to ‘butter him up’．Another that is just as effective is flattery…”可知选D项。

　　4．B　细节理解题。根据“The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)．”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选B项。

　　5．B　细节理解题。根据“In truth， flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves.It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选B项。