2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（4）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（4）

　　阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　WASHINGTON

　　The head of the World Bank says for the first time in human history, it is possible to end poverty around the world．Jim Yong Kim told a Washington audience Tuesday, he wants to make ending world poverty by 2030 a top goal for the bank and governments around the world．

　　World Bank President Jim Yong Kim says that the problems of poverty, hunger and inequality are wide, urgent and a matter of survival of millions．

　　"We know that despite the great successes of the last decade, there are still about 1．3 billion people living in extreme poverty, 870 million who go hungry every day, and 6．9 million children under five dying every year," he said．

　　But Kim told a Washington audience that the previous successful efforts to cut the number of people living in extreme poverty by half give them hope．

　　"We are at an auspicious moment in history, when the successes of past decades and an increasingly favourable economic outlook （:） combine to give developing countries a chancefor the first time ever-to end extreme poverty within a generation," he said in a speech at Georgetown University．"Our duty now must be to ensure that these favourable circumstances are matched with deliberate decisions to realize this historic opportunity．"

　　Kim says success will require increasing the speed of economic growth, particularly in South Africa and South Asia．

　　But he warned that civil unrest （） could happen if economic growth does not help people at all income levels, and also include women and youth．

　　Kim says that the World Bank and other development agencies will have more resources to get this job done right．"Meeting this 2030 goal will take extraordinary effort," he said．

　　However, Kim warned that all the progress in fighting poverty could be destroyed by climate disasters unless the nations of the world do more to prevent climate change．

　　．In the opinion of Jim Yong Kim, world poverty _____．

　　A．is not quite hard to end by 2030

　　B．exists only in Africa and Asia

　　C．is difficult but hopeful to end by 2030

　　D．will be sure to disappear by 2030

　　．Which of the following gives Jim Yong Kim the hope to end world poverty?

　　A．A decreasing number of people are living in poverty．

　　B．Great successes have been achieved in science and technology．

　　C．Economic growth is increasing in developing countries．

　　D．All countries have started to fight poverty．

　　．The underlined word "auspicious" in Paragraph 5 most probably means "_____"．

　　A．unforgettable

　　B．lucky

　　C．disappearing

　　D．important

　　．According to Jim Yong Kim, in order to end world poverty, _____．

　　A．we must prevent civil unrest from happening

　　B．we can't ignore the needs of women and youth

　　C．we must make more people realize the importance of fighting poverty

　　D．the countries across the world must work together to stop climate change

　　5．What s the passage mainly about?

　　A．The key of ending world poverty is preventing climate change

　　B．A top goal

　　ending world poverty will possibly be achieved by 2030

　　C．The success of ending poverty

　　economic growth

　　D．The progress in fighting povertyWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food，hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

　　She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.

　　The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.

　　This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

　　The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

　　．What is the first paragraph mainly about?

　　A．The design of Dr.Carter's research.

　　B．The results of Dr.Carter's research.

　　C．The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.

　　D．The significance of Dr.Carter's research.

　　．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

　　A．Those that have more experience.

　　B．Those that can avoid potential risks.

　　C．Those that like to work independently.

　　D．Those that feel anxious about learning.

　　．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?

　　A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

　　B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

　　C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.

　　D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.

　　4．Dr.Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________.

　　A．storing information

　　B．learning from each other

　　C．understanding different people

　　D．travelling between social groups

　　答案：

　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。

　　．A　解析：推理判断题。第一段描述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。

　　．D　解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn...及第三段中The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not...这些对实验的描述可知D项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。

　　．C　解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再根据between collecting social information and using it可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人但不跟着做”，即C项。

　　．B　解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过social learning而形成的，与B项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Babies don’t learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are lip-readers too. It happens during the stage when a baby’s babbling (咿呀声) gradually changes from unclear voices into that first “mama” or “dada” . The baby in order to do like you has to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.

　　Apparently it doesn’t take them too long to absorb the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more evidence that quality face-time with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.

　　But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy Hansen-Tift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4-month-olds gazed mostly into her eyes. The 6-months-olds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8-and 10-month-olds studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker’s eyes.

　　But what happened when these babies accustomed to English heard Spanish? The 12-month-olds studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to recognize the unfamiliar sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语)that shows babies’ brains adjust themselves to distinguishing the sounds of their native language over other languages in the first year of life.

　　The continued lip-reading shows the 1-year-olds clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study that this is “a fairly heroic data set”, says Duke University cognitive neuroscientist Greg Appelbaum, who found the research so fascinating that he wants to know more.

　　1. According to the first paragraph, babies______.  A. might get its voice “mama” by lip-reading  B. learn to talk just from hearing the sounds  C. like to figure out how to shape their lips  D. communicate with parents through gestures 

　　2. What is necessary in developing babies’ speech according to Lewkowicz?

　　A. Playing baby DVD nearby.

　　B. Teaching babies to read English. 

　　C. Speaking with babies face to face. 

　　D. Speaking different languages in front of babies.

　　3. Which of the following shows the right change of babies’ eye gaze according to the text?

　　Eye gaze

　　8

　　12

　　Month

　　A.

　　Eye gaze

　　8

　　12

　　Month

　　C.

　　Eye gaze

　　4

　　8

　　12

　　Month

　　B.

　　Eye gaze

　　4

　　8

　　12

　　Month

　　D.

　　4. What would be the best title of the text?

　　A. Babies Have Different Methods to Talk

　　B. Babies Try Lip-reading in Learning to Talk

　　C. Babies Are Suitable to Learn Two Languages

　　D. Babies Can Easily Accept Foreign Language

　　参考答案1—4、ACAB

　　【2016高考训练题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends --- every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.

　　But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago.

　　In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again.

　　Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences.

　　In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.

　　Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild.

　　“If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.

　　For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.

　　1、What is the article mainly about?

　　Fish having very bad memories.

　　Fish being smarter than we thought.

　　How fish improve their memory.

　　What we can learn from fish.

　　2、According to the article, people used to believe that _______.

　　fish could only remember part of their past experiences

　　fish could remember things that happened 12 days ago

　　a fish’s memory lasted for only seven minutes

　　fish didn’t recognize any of their friends

　　3、How can fish benefit most from a good memory? They can remember _______.

　　where to get food and survive

　　their enemies and fight

　　where to escape to when in danger

　　their friends and help each other

　　4、Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　Fish behave aggressively in a fight.

　　Fish can remember more.

　　Fish don’t belong to the list of smart animals.

　　Only African cichlids have a good memory.

　　参考答案1—4、BDAB