2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（52）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（52）及（解析）答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It's interesting to see how people make use of the time they spend on public transport in Indian cities like Delhi and Mumbai.

　　In crowded buses and trains people manage to take a short nap and some even reach the snoring stage.Or they spread out a newspaper over multiple knees and arms to read about the latest sport results or political crisis.

　　Then there are the experienced travellers who have been playing cards with the same group over the last decade or so.They even have their specific seats so well－worn that you can make out the shape of their backsides.

　　There is no doubt about it.Travelling by public transport is being in the thick of the seasons of life－a sweaty life in summer where people，blissfully unaware of the rivers of sweat running down their brows and inside their clothes.At the first smell of a perfumed man or woman boarding the stuffy bus or train，most people feel they are reborn.

　　During the rains you can't avoid getting wet or muddied.The windows，almost always，are not a perfect fit and if you're not drenched by a sudden，heavy rain shower then you are bound to catch a jet spray of muddy water caused by a fellow motorist driving fast through a puddle.

　　The rains are a perfect time for people to switch their old umbrellas for new ones.Since there are so many that look alike，it's impossible to tell whose is whose.

　　Winter is the time when it feels good－or at least warm—to be part of a crowd.It is amazing how much the collective breaths of a hundred or so people can raise the freezing temperature inside.Looking at the masses dressed in their bright red pullovers or green coats，it's fun to imagine what faces lie beneath their dark woolen hats.

　　The cold winter passes，making way for spring.It is impossible not to see every little flower by the wayside blooming proudly.And the warm sun manages to transmit some of their pleasantness to the inside of a bus or train.

　　Now，wouldn't it be perfect if we had public transport worth the name in all our cities?

　　【语篇解读】 普通的画面，平常的生活，变化的季节，永恒的旋律，印度的公共交通工具上每天都演绎着平凡人平淡的故事。

　　1．On Indian public transport，you can always expect to see people ________.

　　A．sleeping and reading newspapers

　　B．arguing and playing games

　　C．enjoying the view and playing cards

　　D．carrying umbrellas and whispering politely

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知在印度的公共交通工具上，可以看到人们在睡觉或者在看报纸。

　　答案　A2．According to the author what will make passengers feel refreshed when travelling in summer?

　　A．The cool evening breeze.

　　B．The rain pouring over their clothes.

　　C．The joy of a game of cards.

　　D．The sweet fragrance of a new passenger.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句的内容可知，一位新乘客散发出的香味能让车上的乘客神清气爽，犹如重生。

　　答案　D．If you see people in colourful clothing and breathing heavily，you are probably travelling during the ________.

　　A．summer

　　B．rainy seasons

　　C．winter

　　D．spring

　　解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的内容可推知，当人们穿着各色衣服并且大口呼吸的时候，这里是”冬季”。

　　答案　C．We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A．Indian people don't mind switching umbrellas with others

　　B．almost everyone in India wears perfume when they go out

　　C．the buses and trains are old and in poor conditions

　　D．Indian transport is the most crowded in the world

　　解析　推理判断题。结合第三段以及第五段中的内容可推知，公共汽车和火车都很破旧。

　　答案　C．What is the tune of language used in this passage?

　　A．Humourous.

　　B．Critical.

　　C．Frightening.

　　D．Concerned.

　　解析　推理判断题。文章生动形象地刻画了印度公共交通工具上的众生相，根据文章中的多处细节描写可知作者笔调“幽默”。后三项分别表示“批判的”“令人恐惧的”“担心的”，都不是本文的写作风格。

　　答案　A

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Below is a selection from a popular science book.

　　If blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?

　　Actually，veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear，yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when it's outside the body，when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth，these blood­filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.

　　Which works harder，your heart or your brain?

　　That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

　　Why do teeth fall out，and why don't they grow back in grown­ups?

　　Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.Once this second set of teeth has grown in，you're done.When they're gone，they're gone.This is because nature figures you're set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

　　Do old people shrink as they age?

　　Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But，when they do，it isn't because they're shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3­4 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？No，because old people don't really shrink！It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter，it's because the spine has shortened a little.Or，more often，become more bent and curved.

　　Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?

　　Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling.The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity­and­motion­sensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.But，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!

　　Where do feelings and emotions come from?

　　Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs，cats，and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.

　　If exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?

　　Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned，it's “use it，or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy；it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

　　1．What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A．Blue.

　　B．Light yellow.

　　C．Red.

　　D．Dark reddish purple.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“...it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。

　　答案　D2．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

　　A．Because their spine is in active use.

　　B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

　　C．Because they keep growing backwards.

　　D．Because their spine becomes more bent.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。

　　答案　D3．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

　　A．In the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.

　　B．When our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.

　　C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

　　D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，in the long run，your brain...”可知答案为A项。此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。

　　答案　A4．What is the main purpose of the selection?

　　A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.

　　B．To provide information about our body.

　　C．To challenge new findings in medical research.

　　D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

　　解析　写作意图题。考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择B项较全面。

　　答案　B阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.

　　As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl”. While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In every aspect of my life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but you should make sure you are not taken advantage of by others. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, compassion for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.

　　Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.

　　1. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. How my father loved me

　　B. My father—the person I admire most

　　C. I am the apple on my father’s palm

　　D. My father—the one who influenced me most

　　2. Which of the following could not be used to describe the author’s father?

　　A. Considerate and humorous

　　B. Affectionate and open-minded

　　C. Knowledgeable and sociable

　　D. Energetic and helpful

　　3. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel”?

　　A. Do better than others.

　　B. Show off.

　　C. Be cleverer than others.

　　D. Keep healthy

　　4. What can we infer about the author?

　　A. She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.

　　B. She considered her father humorous and was often made to laugh by him.

　　C. She had sympathy for the fatherless.

　　D. She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her hard.

　　参考答案1—4 BCAC

　　【阅读理解】科普知识类

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

　　Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

　　Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

　　To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

　　“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

　　1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by　.　

　　A. the visitors to his office

　　B. the psychology lessons he has

　　C. his physical feeling of coldness

　　D. the things he has bought online

　　2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that　.　

　　A. adults should develop social skills

　　B. babies need warm physical contact

　　C. caregivers should be healthy adults

　　D. monkeys have social relationships

　　3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to　.　

　　A. evaluate someone’s personality

　　B. write down their hypotheses

　　C. fill out a personal information form

　　D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

　　4. We can infer from the passage that　.　

　　A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

　　B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

　　C. physical temperature affects how we see others

　　D. capable persons are often cold to others

　　5. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

　　B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

　　C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

　　D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

　　【参考答案】1—5、CBACD