2016届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解一百四十集选练：（73）

　　2016高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（73）

　　阅读理解。

　　Why laughter matters

　　Although most people believe that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.

　　“Laughter above all else is a social thing，” says Baltimore neuroscientist, Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “All laughter groups laugh ‘hahaha’ basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”

　　Laughing is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do. People may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on April Fools' Day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isn't dependent on single sense but on social interactions.

　　And laughter is not just a thing of people. Chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.

　　Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University Psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled—they return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.

　　By studying rats, scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter. Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.

　　Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts say. Margaret Stuber, a professor at University of California, studied whether laugher helped patients. She found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.

　　“No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit，” Provine said, largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. But he thinks it doesn't really matter, “Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”

　　1．The most important finding of Robert Provine's research is that ________．

　　A．laughter makes a person feel good

　　B．laughter depends on different senses

　　C．laughter is a quality people are born with

　　D．laughter is a social response shared by all creatures

　　2．According to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find ________．

　　A．if they can laugh

　　B．if they like laughing

　　C．what laughter in rats produces

　　D．how rats react while being tickled

　　3．What can we learn from the passage?

　　A．Patients will recover if they laugh enough.

　　B．Laughter is a means of communication as well as a language.

　　C．A new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.

　　D．Scientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.

　　4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　A.

　　B.

　　C.

　　D.

　　CP: Central point　P: Point　Sp: Subpoint(次要点)

　　C: Conclusion

　　【要点综述】“笑”既是人类也是动物的一种交际行为，多数人认为“笑”是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的有效方式之一。“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系，尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使你身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。

　　1．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”可知A项正确。

　　2．C　事实细节题。根据第六段“…laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)．”可知。故C项正确。

　　3．B　事实细节题。根据第二段“All laughter groups laugh‘hahaha’ basically the same way.”以及第三段“Laughing is our first way of communicating.”可知，“笑”既是一种交际方式也是一种所有物种都能理解的语言。故B项正确。

　　4．D　篇章结构题。文章第一节首先提出话题：尽管“笑”被认为是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的方式之一，但是它仍旧是研究者们试图想弄明白的一个严肃的科研项目；接着文章从两个方面来论述主观点：(1)“笑”是人类的行为：①Laughter above all else is a social thing②Laughing is our first way of communicating；(2)“笑”也是动物的行为：And laughter is not just a thing of people；最后得出结论：“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使人身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。综上可知D项正确。

　　【2016高考训练题】阅读理解—主旨大意题、标题概括题。

　　Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.

　　The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers.

　　And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命)can be prolonged.

　　Gene technology can help to give birth to healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的)diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it , and a healthy child will be born.

　　Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep. Therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the government must take care to control gene technology.

　　What does “these two killers” in the second paragraph refer to?

　　Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.

　　The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.

　　The two diseases of cancer and heart disease.

　　Hereditary diseases and cancer

　　What's the main idea of the third paragraph?

　　How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.

　　Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.

　　Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.

　　Gene technology can help the English imperial family out

　　In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?

　　Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.

　　Using gene technology, the scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.

　　Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.

　　Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.

　　What is the main purpose of writing this passage?

　　Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people.

　　Telling people the disadvantages of gene technology.

　　Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.

　　Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.

　　语篇解读

　　这篇文章比较容易读懂， 主要告诉我们有关基因工程方面的问题。

　　C 细节理解题。文章第二段第一、二句即为答案出处。

　　A 段落大意题。第三段可以从首句获得启示，其他选项不是主旨，而是一些细节的反映。

　　B 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句可以获得线索。

　　A 写作意图题。对比四个选项，显然B、C、D表达的都是相同的意思，只有A选项不同，逆向思维故为答案。

　　2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　According to a survey，more Europeans go digital一changing from fixed lines to mobile phones and from narrowband to broadband Internet connections.

　　The survey showed that 22 percent of EU households use only mobile phones, up from I8 percent a year ago,while the percentage of households with at least one fixed line decreased by 5 percent to 72 percent, although the percentage of households with at least one mobile phone remains fairly stable at 8l per cent.

　　Broadband is presenting a rapid upward trend in the EU, showed the survey, which polled(对…进行民意调查)27,000 households across the union. 'Itventy-eight percent of households are now connected to the Internet via high-speed "broadband" links, up six percent from last year, while narrowband usage has dipped by three percentage points to 12 percent. More than half of households access the Internet via an ADSL line and 34 percent of broadband connections are wireless.

　　"Europe's digital economy is growing strongly as more and more households love to choose between fixed, mobile and Internet services," said EU Information Society and Media Commissioner wiane Reding. "The challenge of this year's reform of the EU's telecom rules will be to respond to this rapidly changing technological environment while enhancing(提高）at the same time effective

　　competition:'

　　Meanwhile, nearly 20 percent of Europeans buy two or more telecom products from a single service provider, the combination of fixed telephony and.Internet access being the most common. The result may strengthen the commission's case for breaking up telecom giants, whose control over the fixed line networks～accused of hindering(妨碍）competition."Today's survey findings will feed into the ongoing public debate on the reform of the EU telecom rules, planned for summer this year,"

　　said Reding.

　　1. Today, the percentage of households with at least one fixed line goes down to

　　A. 34%％

　　B, 22%

　　C.72%

　　D. 81%

　　2. What will be covered in this year's reform of the EU's telecom hales?

　　A. The quickly changing technological environment.

　　B. The plan to stop the use of the fixed lines.

　　C. Breaking up telecom giants.

　　D. The ongoing public debate on global economy.

　　3. If a European will buy telecom products from a single service provider, what will be the result?

　　A. Less than two services are provided for customers.

　　B. Competition will become fierce in the telecom field.

　　C. A plan on the reform of the telecom is breaking up.

　　D. It becomes more diffcult to fight off big companies' control.

　　4. The best title of this article is

　　A. Mobile Phones Become Popular

　　B. More Europeans Go Digital

　　C. The disappearance of the fixed line

　　D. The Rules of the EU's Telecom

　　参考答案1—4、CADB

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　After inventing dynamites(炸药), Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.

　　Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $ 30,000 to $125,000.

　　Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.

　　No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes. (from www.nmet168.com)

　　1. What did the first award ceremony take place?

　　A. 1895.

　　B. 1901.

　　C. 1962.

　　D. 1968.

　　2. The Nobel prize was established to ________.

　　A. honor the inventor of dynamite

　　B. recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity

　　C. resolve political differences

　　D. spend money

　　3. In which area have Americans received the most awards?

　　A. Literature.

　　B. Economics.

　　C. Peace.

　　D. Science.

　　4. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

　　A. Awards vary in money value.

　　B. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention.

　　C. Politics can be of importance in selecting the winners.

　　D. A few individuals have won two awards.

　　1. B 计算题。根据文中第一段最后一句“Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.”计算可得。

　　2. B 细节题。根据短文第一段第二句“…for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind”可得(from www.nmet168.com)。

　　3. D 细节题。根据短文第三段“Americans have won numerous science awards”一句可得。

　　4. D 事实判断题。根据短文第四段“Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare”一句判断可得。