2016届高三英语一轮复习必修1Unit5（人教版新课标）

　　Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

　　Ⅰ.多项选择

　　1．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude __________ life when you are __________ trouble.

　　A．to；under　B．of；in

　　C．to；in

　　D．with；in

　　解析：选C。句意：当你处于困境中时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble处于困境中。

　　2．(2011年启东检测)The government has __________ a committee to examine the fishing industry.

　　A．set up

　　B．set aside

　　C．set down

　　D．set off

　　解析：选A。考查短语辨析。set up设立，建立。句意：政府已成立了一个委员会来检查捕鱼业。set aside将……放在一边，为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；set down记下，放下，登记；set off出发，动身，使爆炸。

　　3．We all know that hard working and plain living are fine __________ of our Chinese people.

　　A．qualities

　　B．manners

　　C．deeds

　　D．acts

　　解析：选A。考查名词辨析。quality品质。句意：我们都知道艰苦朴素是我们中国人的优良品质。manner礼貌，举止，方式；deed行动，事迹；act行为，行动。

　　4．The owner of the mine was __________ to twenty years because he had broken the law to employ children as miners.

　　A．sentenced

　　B．trapped

　　C．sheltered

　　D．buried

　　解析：选A。be sentenced to...被判处……。句意：这个矿主因为非法雇佣童工被判处二十年的徒刑。

　　5．Students should be __________ in class.Only listening without taking part in the activities is not good for one’s study.

　　A．passive

　　B．active

　　C．curious

　　D．lazy

　　解析：选B。句意：学生上课应该积极活跃。只听不参加活动不利于学习。active“积极的”，符合句意。

　　6．Ms.Black is considered a __________ lady by her neighbors，for she often helps the poor old man next door.

　　A．generous

　　B．hopeful

　　C．mean

　　D．selfish

　　解析：选A。结合语境“for she often helps the poor old man”推断出她很“慷慨(generous)”。

　　7．Most of the audience had a high __________ of the performance of our footballers in the match against Iran.

　　A．idea

　　B．sense

　　C．opinion

　　D．thought

　　解析：选C。have a high opinion of对……评价很好。

　　8．(2011年郑州调研)A notice was __________ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.

　　A．sent up

　　B．given up

　　C．set up

　　D．put up

　　解析：选D。send up发射；give up放弃；set up建立；put up张贴。put up a notice张贴通知。

　　9．The crash was __________ by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.

　　A．witnessed

　　B．heard

　　C．found

　　D．watched

　　解析：选A。句意：上百万观看电视比赛的观众目击了这次撞车事故。witness在此意为“当场看到；目击”。watch侧重指“观看；注意看”，多用于watch a game，watch TV等。

　　10．All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that __________ Wenchuan several years ago.

　　A．attacked

　　B．struck

　　C．knocked

　　D．exploded

　　解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。表示自然灾害“侵害”了某地，我们可以用hit或strike，但不可以用attack或knock。attack表示“进攻；袭击”，多表示用武力进攻；knock是“敲打”的意思。句意：我们每个人都依然记得两年前突袭汶川的那场可怕的地震。

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．It was very dangerous because if I was caught I ________________(我可能要坐牢)．(put)

　　解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。“坐牢”要表达为be put in prison，本句是对现在时间的虚拟，故主句动词用“could＋动词原形”。

　　答案：could be put in prison

　　2．The old man became very worried，standing at the gate，unable to find a man to ________________(他可以求助的)．(turn)

　　解析：考查定语从句。“求助”要表达为turn to sb.for help，本题中介词to提前了，所以关系代词要用whom。

　　答案：whom he could turn for help

　　3．Only then ________________(他才愿意)take my advice that the meeting be put off.(willing)

　　解析：考查倒装结构。“only ＋状语”谓语句首时，主句谓语用倒装形式；由短语be willing to do sth.可知答案。

　　答案：was he willing to

　　4．The old man ________________(非常喜欢)travelling that he spent almost all his savings for it.(fond)

　　解析：考查状语从句。本题是so...that结构；由短语be fond of可知答案。

　　答案：was so fond of

　　5．What’s the name of the place ________________(你度假的) last year？(spend)

　　解析：考查定语从句。本句中从句缺少状语，先行词又是地点名词，故用关系副词where。

　　答案：where you spent your holiday

　　6．Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin were the first ________________(登上月球的). But they were not the last.(land)

　　解析：当名词前有序数词修饰时，经常用动词不定式作定语。

　　答案：to land on the moon

　　7．On the mountain ________________(有一座庙)at an altitude of more than 3,000 metres above the sea level.(lie)

　　解析：考查完全倒装结构和主谓一致。

　　答案：lies a temple

　　8．The miners ________________(被困的)in the mine for days were finally rescued.(trap)

　　解析：由提示语可知所填答案作定语，因为trap与miners之间是被动关系，故用定语从句或过去分词。

　　答案：(who had been)trapped

　　9．It was because of his burning up the government building ________________(他被判刑)2 years.(sentence)

　　解析：考查强调结构。本句是强调句型，由短语be sentenced to可知答案。

　　答案：that he was sentenced to

　　10．It is reported that many a new house ______________(被建造)at present in the disaster area.(construct)

　　解析：考查主谓一致和时态、语态。由语境可知本句应用进行被动式；many a修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。

　　答案：is being constructed

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　Words：525　难度系数：☆☆　建议用时：7′

　　(2010年朝阳十二校第二次联考)Britain’s seed bank，the only one in the world aiming to collect all of the planet’s wild plant species，has reached its goal of banking 10 percent by 2010.

　　The Millennium Seed Bank Project，run by Kew Gardens—one of the oldest botanical gardens—will officially deposit the 24,200th species on Thursday，a pink，wild banana from China.

　　More than 50 countries are now on board with Kew’s giant task but vast places of the globe，including India and Brazil，still need to join in and donate seeds，director Paul Smith said.

　　The seed bank is one of the largest and most diverse in the world with more than 1.5 billion seeds.Its goal is to help protect the planet’s biodiversity during a time of climate change.

　　The wild banana seed is under threat of extinction(灭绝)in Southwest China from agricultural development.It is a vital food source for Asian elephants and important for growing bananas for human consumption.

　　Stored at minus 20 degrees centigrade，the seeds can last for thousands of years and await the day that scientists hope never comes—when the species no longer exist in the wild.

　　It is a race against time，Smith said，because in the last decade alone,20 plants held in the bank have already been wiped out in the wild.He estimates that between a third and a quarter will become extinct this century.

　　“It is urgent and it is happening now.An area，the size of England，is cleared of primary vegetation(植被)every year，”Smith said.

　　Because most of the world’s food and medicines come from nature，protecting wild plant species is quite important，scientists say.There are already many other seed banks safeguarding food crops，which only account for 0.6 percent of plant diversity.

　　For Kew’s next goal—to collect a quarter of wild varieties by 2020—the botanists need 10 million pounds a year，or a further 100 million pounds on top of the 40 million they have already been granted.

　　【解题导语】　在气候变化，很多物种濒临灭绝的情况下，伦敦种子银行的开办、运营无疑具有重大意义。

　　1．What’s the final purpose of the Britain’s seed bank?

　　A．To collect enough money for the project.

　　B．To safeguard food crops.

　　C．To protect wild plants from extinction.

　　D．To help scientists study wild plants.

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。由第一段和第四段内容可知，伦敦种子银行旨在通过收集自然界的植物种子以达到保护自然界生物多样性的目的。

　　2．The wild banana seed in China is in danger because of__________.

　　A．the expanding of farming work

　　B．the climate change in this area

　　C．the large number of Asian elephants

　　D．human’s large consumption

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。由第五段第一句可知，这种香蕉在中国西南部面临灭绝是因为农业的发展，故本题选A项。

　　3．We can learn from the passage that__________.

　　A．the seeds in the bank can be used now and then spread all over the world

　　B．India and Brazil haven’t joined in the Seed Bank Project at present

　　C．there is only one seed bank in the world at present

　　D．the wild plants in places like India and China will never die out

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。由第三段Paul Smith的话可知，印度和巴西还没有参与种子银行捐种子的活动，故选B项。其他三项与文章内容不一致。

　　4．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The extinction of plant species.

　　B．The Millennium Seed Bank Project.

　　C．Britain’s seed bank.

　　D．Kew Gardens’ next goal.

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。本文主要讲的是伦敦种子银行和它所进行的“千年种子库计划”，结合It所在句子可知，是这项计划在和时间赛跑。因此选B。

　　5．Which of the following information isn’t mentioned in the passage?

　　A．The global partnership of collecting wild plant species.

　　B．The temperature condition of the conservative wild plant species.

　　C．The government’s financial support for the seed bank project.

　　D．Scientists’ concern on the extinct wild plant species.

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。文章最后一段只是说实现下一个目标植物学家每年还需要很多资金，并没提到政府的财政支持。

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　现在，很多学生迫于升学就业的压力，把自己的烦恼都宣泄在父母身上，对父母不是很尊敬，甚至和父母争吵动手。针对这种现象，请你写封信给某报编辑，请提出一些具体的建议，让同学们树立尊敬长辈的意识，发扬中华民族的传统美德。

　　注意：1.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；　2.词数100左右。

　　Dear editor，

　　Nowadays，________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　David

　　One possible version：

　　Dear_editor，

　　Nowadays，there exists an increasingly severe phenomenon that teenagers don’t show respect to their parents. As we can read in newspaper or watch on TV，some teenagers quarrel with parents，some talk back and some even resort to violence. As to this problem，I’d like to offer several proposals as follows.

　　Initially(Firstly)，we should realize that it’s our parents who give us lives. Without parents，we can not live in this world. Therefore，the importance of respecting our parents can not be too overemphasized. What’s more，it goes without saying that we have to remember the birthday of our parents，when we can express our gratitude to them. None the less (Meanwhile)，respecting our parents should be done from every detail. Just as a proverb goes，“Piety is above all.(百善孝为先。)”

　　To sum up，respecting parents is our traditional virtue in China. No matter how old we are，it’s a priority to respect our parents.

　　Yours，

　　David