2016高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（江苏专用）专题3 任务型阅读12

　　2016高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（江苏专用）

　　专题3 任务型阅读 （25分钟）

　　（A）

　　One of the advantages of being self-employed is that the profit the business makes belongs to the owner. If the self-employed person is successful in business, he or she has the chance to earn plenty of money and even become wealthy. The profit earned by a self-employed person is the reward for his or her effort, ability, and creativity. Thus, a second advantage of being self-employed is that a person’s intelligence and abilities have a direct effect on his or her earnings. People who have outstanding abilities or intelligence often find they can earn far more through self-employment than they can through working as an employee. A third advantage of being self-employed is that a person can control their working hours. While not all self-employed people are completely free to choose whatever hours they want to work, most of them have more control over this area than the people who work for salaries or wages. w.w.w

　　As with most things in life, being self-employed is not without problems first, being one’s own boss places the responsibility for success directly on that individual’s shoulders. Abilities and intelligence will be put to the test. Everyone has some weaknesses and is less capable in some things than in others. These weaknesses will affect how successful a self-employed person is. Second, though the self-employed can earn considerable profits with a successful business, losses can force them out of business and, in some instances, place them in debt. A third disadvantage concerns income security. Self-employed people have no guaranteed income. Their earnings can vary greatly from year to year, depending on business conditions. Salaried people, on the other hand, can generally count on continued earnings from year to year. In addition, salaried people often enjoy fringe benefits(额外补贴), which are all of the benefits provided for employees in addition to wages and salaries. One of these benefits may be insurance paid for by the employer that continues the employee’s salary in the event of sickness or accident. Many self-employed people do not have such protection, unless they put money aside themselves.

　　Self-employed people (8)______

　　Advantages

　　making profits

　　(2)______ earning plenty of money and becoming wealthy counting on (9)______ earnings

　　essence

　　(3)______ for effort, ability and creativity

　　intelligence and abilities (4)______ their earnings directly enjoying fringe benefits (10)______ wages

　　working hours are (5)______ free

　　(1)______ shouldering the (6)______ for success not free at working time

　　(7)______ out of business, even in debt

　　having no guaranteed income

　　Disadvantages/ Problems 2. result/ consequence

　　3. reward

　　4. affect

　　5. relatively

　　6. responsibility

　　7. losses

　　8. Salaried-people/ Employees

　　74. continued

　　75. besides

　　（）

　　Canada’s wealth comes from the exploitation of its rich natural resources and from the work of its citizens. Canadians are employed in a variety of jobs. All of these jobs can be grouped into one of three categories: extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.

　　Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment are called extractive or primary industries. Canada has a wealth of natural resources. The extractive industries that have been developed to exploit these natural resources make an important contribution to the wealth of our economy. Without these extractive industries, and the money they bring from other countries, Canada’s economy could not exist in its present form. Yet only a small percentage of Canada’s labour force works in extractive industries. Extractive industries rely on labour-saving machines instead of human labour.

　　Manufacturing industries process the products of extractive industries into finished products Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into many different forms to be used by consumers or by other companies. This processing may be done in one or more stages. For example, iron ore is transformed into steel in factories. This is called primary manufacturing. The steel is then sent to companies for further processing into cars, mining equipment, machines, nails, and other products-such as bicycle frames. This is called secondary manufacturing.

　　Manufacturing industries are located in many towns and cities across Canada. Companies try to build their factories in densely populated areas because they want to near the people who buy their products. If they locate near their customers, then they save money on shipping costs. Manufacturing industries provide more jobs to Canadians than do extractive industries. Yet the number of people employed in manufacturing is still small in comparison to the third category, services. As with extractive industries, manufacturing process use many machines that require relatively few workers.

　　Service industries provide services needed by the extractive and manufacturing industries, and by society in general. Without these services, society could not operate. The majority of Canadian workers do not produce “goods” in their jobs. Instead, they provide “services” for others. The range of services is very great and includes such things as retailing, office work, education, health care, communications, government, transportation, and personal services.

　　Service industries in one form or another are spread over the entire country. In every community there are stores, banks, schools, police forces, and dozens of other services. The majority of service industries are found in town and cities because services are provided for people and there are many more people in urban areas,

　　Canada’s economy depends upon the creation of jobs in all three types of industry.

　　Introduction ●All (1)

　　▲

　　can be divided into three categories: extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.

　　Extractive industries ●Extractive industries arc also called primary industries, which are

　　(2)

　　▲

　　with the exploitation of raw materials from the natural environment.

　　(3)

　　▲

　　industries ●Manufacturing industries (4)

　　▲

　　raw materials into products, which can be used by people or companies.

　　●Manufacturing industries can be grouped into primary manufacturing and (5)

　　▲

　　manufacturing.

　　●Primary manufacturing (6)

　　▲

　　steel from iron ore for further processing.

　　●Secondary manufacturing will then use the steel to make products like cars, bikes, etc. for people to use.

　　Service industries ●Service industries provide services the other two industries need. Without these services, our society cannot (7)

　　▲

　　.

　　●Service industries provide jobs for shop assistants, office (8)

　　▲

　　, teachers, doctors, and many others.

　　●Service industries mainly provide services for (9)

　　▲

　　.

　　Closing ●Our society is (10)

　　▲

　　on all three trees of industry.

　　1. jobs

　　2. associated/connected

　　3. Manufacturing

　　4. process/transform/turn

　　5. secondary

　　6. makes[来源:高考学习网7. operate/function

　　8. workers

　　9. people

　　10. based/dependent