2012届高考英语二轮复习英语精品学案（广东专用）第3模块 阅读理解 专题6　史地常识型阅读理解

　　专题6　史地常识型阅读理解

　　专题导读

　　历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家或地区的河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或参考。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件；命题以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。

　　真题典例

　　【2011·广东卷】In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

　　Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.According to a recent study, the global market for low­carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade.China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high­speed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

　　Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger management of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.

　　The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet.That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

　　()1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ________.

　　A．it makes the world warmer

　　B．it consumes natural resources

　　C．it brings severe damage to forests

　　D．it makes growth hard to continue

　　()2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

　　A．China lacks wind and solar energy.

　　B．China is the leader of the low­carbon market.

　　C．High­speed trains are a low­carbon development.

　　D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

　　()3.To full develop the low­carbon markets, governments can ________.

　　A．cut public expenses

　　B．forbid carbon emissions

　　C．develop public resources

　　D．encourage energy conservation

　　()4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________.

　　A．develop sustainable products

　　B．explore new natural resources

　　C．make full use of natural resources

　　D．deal with the major challenge

　　()5.What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To introduce a new business model.

　　B．To compare two business models.

　　C．To predict a change of the global market.

　　D．To advocate sustainable development.

　　【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了传统经济发展模式给地球带来了许多危害：破坏了森林、使全球气候变暖等。现在，低碳、可持续发展的经济模式成为许多国家的主流发展方向。中国政府正在充分发挥潜能大力开发新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市场。

　　1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知传统经济发展模式的危害，四个选项中只有B项未提到，故选B。

　　2．C　推理判断题。综合第二段的内容可知选C。

　　3．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.”可知选D。

　　4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知选A。

　　5．D　写作意图题。文章由传统经济发展模式的弊端引出可持续发展经济模式并阐述了可持续发展经济模式的好处及发展方向。故选D。

　　新题预测

　　(一)

　　There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally.Here’s a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing.

　　Sunshine Village

　　Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown.Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past.Adults pay $76.5, Seniors $61.5, and Children only pay $26.5.At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm.The terrain(地形)is a mix of both easy and hard runs.

　　Lake Louise

　　Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of ski­able terrain.It has the best balance of easy to difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now.Adults pay $75.5, Seniors pay $54.5, and Children pay $24.5.Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access back country skiing.

　　Mount Norquay

　　Mount Norquay is located across the TransCanda highway from the town of Banff.It has less challenging terrain than either Sunshine or Lake Louisa.However, it is also a very economic decision, and it is the only ski hill in the region that offers hourly rates and night skiing on Fridays.All in

　　all this is a great hill to go and spend an afternoon or early evening, or to go and practice a few turns on before hitting up the bigger resorts later on in the season.

　　Nakiska

　　While it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is currently only open to the public on the weekends.Nakiska typically has less snow than the other resorts located a bit deeper in the mountains.Currently, they have a base of 71cm.The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants more towards the easy side.It’s the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.Tickets are relatively cheap.Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.

　　Canada Olympic Park

　　C．O.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics; it is a world class facility for almost every winter sport.It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.It has a snow base of 102cm, but it isn’t the primary focus.With tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive.

　　()1.What can we know about Sunshine Village?

　　A．It is a ski hill in Europe.

　　B．Its snow is the thickest of the five.

　　C．It is only suitable for ski beginners.

　　D．Its ticket prices are getting higher.

　　()2.What does the underlined word “renown” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．Good attraction.B．Place of interest.

　　C．Prize or reward.

　　D．Fame or reputation.

　　()3.Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of lots of other sports games besides skiing?

　　A．Sunshine Village.

　　B．Lake Louise.

　　C．Canada Olympic Park.

　　D．Nakiska.

　　()4.How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children to skiing in the best family place?

　　A．168 dollars.

　　B．103.5 dollars.

　　C．209 dollars.

　　D．129.5 dollars.

　　()5.The passage is mainly to________.

　　A．recommend several famous travel sites

　　B．tell us the places he’s been to for winter sports

　　C．introduce some good places for skiing

　　D．advertise his local tourist attractions

　　【解析】本文主要介绍五处滑雪胜地。

　　1．B　细节理解题。根据“At present, they have a snow base of 107cm.”可判断选B，因为比较其他四处地方的雪的厚度可知，其余各地的雪均没有这么厚。

　　2．D　词义猜测题。根据“Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area.”可判断此地盛名，即在国际上都有名气，由此可判断选D。

　　3．C　细节理解题。根据“It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities.”可判断选C。

　　4．A　逻辑推理题。根据第五段倒数第三句“It’s the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain for children.”可知“Nakiska”是最适合一家人去滑雪的地方；此处的收费标准是“Adults pay $64.5, Seniors pay $51.5, and Children only pay $19.5.”，两个成人收费129美元，两个小孩收费39美元，合计收费168美元，故选A。

　　5．C　主旨大意题。根据全文第一段可知，全文旨在介绍几处滑雪胜地，故选C。

　　(二)

　　More than 200 scientists have completed a two­year study to identify the most natural and undeveloped areas on Earth.Their findings are reported in a new book called Wilderness：Earth’s Last Wild Places.The book describes 37 wilderness areas around the world.Each has an area greater than 10,000 square kilometers.The study considered only areas where at least 70% of all plants are native.

　　North and South America are home to the largest number of wilderness areas.There are 16 such areas, from southern Argentina to Alaska and northern Canada.Africa has 8 wilderness areas, including the

　　thick forests and the grasslands.Australia and New Guinea (几内亚) share 6 areas.Europe has 3 areas and Asia has 2.The Arabian Desert and Antarctica also are considered wilderness areas.

　　The largest wilderness area is the Boreal Forest (北方森林)．It extends for 16­million square kilometers south of the Arctic Circle.The Boreal Forest extends across Alaska, Canada, northern Europe and Russia.The smallest of the 37 wilderness areas is the Sundarbans.It is the world’s largest tidal mangrove forest (红树林)．It covers 10,000 square kilometers of land at the mouth of the Ganges River in India and Bangladesh (孟加拉国)．

　　The study found that wilderness areas cover about 46% of the Earth’s land surface.However, they are home to less than 2.5% of the world’s population.Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.Native people usually live in these areas.

　　Wilderness areas help to influence the world’s weather systems and rainfall.They are also home to many plants and animals.Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection.

　　()1.What does the author think of the wilderness areas around the world in the book?

　　A．Primitive.

　　B．Permanent.

　　C．Precious.

　　D．Perfect.

　　()2.The writer describes the wilderness areas to show that they ________.

　　A．are worth the public support

　　B．can attract readers’ attention

　　C．need to be stressed as resources

　　D．are seen on every continent

　　()3.According to the 4th paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that the 37 wilderness areas are ________.

　　A．deserted

　　B．crowded

　　C．uncontrolled

　　D．undeveloped

　　()4.As the result of the effect on nature, the wilderness areas on Earth should be ________.

　　A．thought more of by the governments

　　B．explored as natural habitats very soon

　　C．further made full use of at present

　　D．discovered for their advantages of nature

　　()5.The purpose of writing this text is to tell us ________of the wilderness areas around the world.

　　A．the importance

　　B．the situation

　　C．the development

　　D．the environment

　　【解析】 本文为说明文。介绍荒野之地的基本分布及其意义。

　　1．C　观点态度题。根据文章最后两段所介绍的“wilderness areas”的作用(人类居住、动植物的家园、影响气候与降雨)可推断作者认为“wilderness areas”是“珍贵的”，故选C。

　　2．C　逻辑推理题。全文介绍完了荒野之地在世界上的大致分布情况之后，指出它们是动植物的家园，也影响气候与降雨，由此可判断作者认为它们应该被作为一种资源去重视，从而得到保护，故选C。

　　3．D　逻辑推理题。根据第四段“Nineteen of the wilderness areas have only about one person for each square kilometer.”可判断选D。

　　4．A　逻辑推理题。根据最后一段“Population growth and the spread of agriculture and mining operations threaten wilderness areas.But just 7% of all such areas have some form of official protection.”可判断选A。

　　5．B　主旨大意题。根据全文重点介绍“wilderness areas”在世界上的主要分布情况及目前的状况，可判断选B。