2016届高考英语二轮阅读理解九十天强化训练：66

　　高考英语二轮九十天强化训练：阅读理解66

　　C

　　The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother－substitute (母亲替代物).

　　During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother－substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother－substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.

　　Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

　　According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother－substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”.

　　50．Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

　　A. Warmth.

　　B. Milk.

　　C. Contact.

　　D. Trust.

　　51．After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________.

　　A. larger in size

　　B. closer to them

　　C. less frightening and less disturbing

　　D. more comfortable to rub against

　　52．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？

　　A. Attention.

　　B. Softness.

　　C. Confidence.

　　D. Interest.

　　53．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________.

　　A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

　　B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards

　　C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

　　D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around

　　54．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

　　A. give the reasons for the experiment

　　B. present the findings of the experiment

　　C. introduce the method of the experiment

　　D. describe the process of the experiment

　　【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。

　　50．A　考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its life…onto almost any large, warm, and soft object…”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。

　　51．D　考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？…Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins…”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。

　　52．C　考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)‘contact comfort’ with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and …”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。

　　53．D　考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introduced…it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from…and less and less time holding onto its ‘mother’．”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。

　　54．B 　考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。

　　“Soon, you’re going to move it out!” cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood.

　　One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.

　　Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren’t for the pleasure they give, it wouldn’t be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. bushes must be pruned (剪枝) in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake.

　　Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing (施肥) have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.

　　Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold：First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June. But they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.

　　Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind, I’ll think about that tomorrow.

　　5. What are the requirements for the healthy growth of rose?

　　A. A lot of care and the right soil.

　　B. Frequent pruning and fertilizing.

　　C. Tomato plants grown alongside.

　　D. Cages placed around the roots.

　　6. The writer planted the tomato because _______.

　　A. it cost only $1.25

　　B. the soil was just right for it

　　C. there was room for it in the garden

　　D. the roses’ branches needed to be covered

　　7. This year the writer’s roses were __________.

　　A. removed from the rose bed

　　B. picked along with the tomatoes

　　C. mostly damaged by too much sunlight

　　D. largely hidden under the tomato plant

　　8. By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ________.

　　A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes

　　B. show the hardship of growing the roses

　　C. express her liking for the roses

　　D. express her care for the tomatoes

　　ACDA

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　　Beijing ---- A recent Chinese blockbuster （轰动的作品） “A World Without Thieves” is based on the experiences of a young migrant worker （民工）carrying 60,000 yuan on a train packed with thieves．But while the image of a warm-hearted but somewhat naive migrant worker may have made film fans chuckle, it’s a sure bet that most of China’s migrant workers are yet to step into a cinema to admire it．

　　“Forty yuan a ticket? I can’t afford it,” said Shen Jie, a migrant worker at a construction site in Dongzhimen, east Beijing．

　　Shen found it hard to remember when he last watched a film, or what it was about．“It must be 10 years ago,” he said．

　　Though they are the builders of the nation’s theaters and cinemas, a limited cultural life is common among China’s 120 million migrant workers．

　　Shen arrived from East China’s Zhejiang Province in1991．Life was better then; money seemed to come more easily．“Now, as more and more workers are rushing to the capital, it’s too hard to earn money, and none of us dare think about watching films,” he said．

　　For many like Shen, the dream is earning enough to pay for their children’s education so they can find jobs in the cities and say goodbye to the hardships of rural life forever．This drives them to work hard and save as much as possible．

　　With a monthly salary of less than 500 yuan, Shen has to send money home to his little son and silver-haired parents．

　　In Shen’s small dormitory, which he shares with seven other co-workers, there is a well-thumbed copy of a magazine published in 1998．

　　A recent survey by local media revealed that 80 percent of migrant workers spent their spare time sleeping and chatting because of exhaust and a lack of income．The same survey found that 47 percent of migrant workers have to work for more than 10 hours a day．Around 40 percent do not even possess a book, and nearly 60 percent say they are dissatisfied with their cultural life．

　　Like many of Shen’s co-workers, reading newspapers and hanging out in Beijing’s streets provide evening entertainment．

　　From China Daily

　　9．We can infer from the passage “A World Without Thieves” is a film that __________．

　　A．talks about experiences of a group of thieves B．deals with the life of migrant workers

　　C．explains how to catch thieves on trainsD．attracts many migrant workers

　　．As for the migrant worker, Shen Jie, ____________．

　　A．life was harder when he first came to work in Beijing

　　B．he enjoyed a lot of films ten years ago

　　C．his wish was to pay for his son’s education

　　D．the capital is too hard a place for him to make any money

　　11．According the passage, which of the following is TRUE _________．

　　A．the workers enjoy reading very much, no matter how old the magazines are

　　B．the workers have so little to read that they often read the same magazine again and again

　　C．the workers enjoy magazines because they are easy to understand

　　D．the workers think highly of the copy of the magazine published in 1998

　　．The main idea of this passage is that migrant workers _________．

　　A．lack cultural experiences B．are not very well-paid in Beijing

　　C．are looked down upon by city peopleD．need the government’s attention

　　C8 [2016·北京卷] D

　　Multitasking

　　People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self－evaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.

　　Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation－seeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.

　　Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation－seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.

　　“People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity, but because they're distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.

　　Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.

　　The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation－seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they're dangerous.”

　　67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask

　　________．

　　A. seek high productivity constantly

　　B. prefer handling different things when getting bored

　　C. are more focused when doing many things at a time

　　D. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time

　　68．When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they

　　________．

　　A. assessed the multitasking ability of the students

　　B. evaluated the academic achievements of the students

　　C. analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasks

　　D. measured the changes of the students' understanding ability

　　69．According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their

　　________．

　　A. limited power in calculation

　　B. interests in doing things differently

　　C. inability to concentrate on one task

　　D. impulsive desire to try new things

　　70．From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually

　　________．

　　A. drive very skillfully

　　B. go in for difficult tasks

　　C. fail to react quickly to potential dangers

　　D. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

　　【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。

　　67．D 　细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选D。

　　68．A 　细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task…”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。

　　69．C 　细节理解题。根据第四段“…but because they're distractible…”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。

　　70．C 　细节理解题。从最后一段“…are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。