【最后抢分】2016年高考临门一脚 自选训练（3）附答案

　　自选训练（3）及答案

　　阅读理解

　　Awareness Weeks （认知宣传周）have become a regular part of Britain’s cultural landscape over the past few years . They started back in 1957, when one charity （慈善机构, Christian Aid, decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year. It was thought that by doing this they would get more publicity for their cause.

　　They were right, and soon other charities and campaign （活动）groups followed them. These days , most donations（捐款）to charity are not collected on the streets. So instead of just asking for money, charities prefer to spend their time “raising awareness” —spreading knowledge of the work they do or the cause they support . They also compete with businesses and trade groups who use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns for their products.

　　There are now 500 awareness weeks held every year in the UK. No week goes by without one group or another trying to make the British public aware of something, with most held in May or October.

　　The danger with all these awareness weeks is that people start to become cynical(不信任). Take National Smile Week; it seems like a great idea. Let’s all make each other’s life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. But really it’s just a group of dentists and cosmetics companies trying to sell us toothpaste. It’s enough to make you want to start National Forget About It Week.

　　“People feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,” says Ms Ormiston , who edits the Awareness Campaign Register, a news letter which encourages people who run Awareness Weeks to become more aware of each other . “But 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.”

　　“There’s still no official group for awareness campaigns,” says Ms Ormiston. “People can do what they like, whatever the size of their budgets（经费）or their public relations machines allows .”

　　This situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns. This could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation(模仿) charity campaigns.

　　But there is another way. Maybe it’s time for National Weak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak.

　　1. What’s the main purpose of awareness weeks run by charities in Britain?

　　A. To raise money for charities. B. To spread knowledge of charities.

　　C. To take up marketing campaigns. D. To advertise their goods for sale.

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第一段第二句话 “…decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year.”可知，答案为A。

　　2. Why do people start to become cynical about awareness weeks?

　　A. Too many awareness weeks make people feel bored.[

　　B. People feel many awareness weeks are just for marketing exercises.

　　C. People have a weak awareness of awareness weeks.

　　D. Awareness weeks are held too often and too much money is raised.

　　答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。第四段中提到了人们开始对认知宣传周不满意，第五段中首句 “People feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises…”可知，答案为B。

　　3. What does Ms Ormiston think about awareness weeks?

　　A. Most of the awareness weeks should not be for making money.

　　B. Official groups should take the place of charities in awareness campaigns.

　　C. People can do what they like in awareness weeks.

　　D. People can get larger budgets through awareness campaigns.

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第五段的最后一句话 ““But 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditional charities or not for groups to make money.”可知，答案为A。在第六段中Ms Ormiston提到认知宣传活动没有正式的群体（no official group for awareness campaigns），因而人们可以做他们想做的，不考虑到活动经费或者公共关系机器所允许的范围。故B，C，D都与文意不符。

　　4. Which of the following is the right measure to be taken to solve the problems in awareness campaigns?

　　A. Laws should stop awareness weeks run by real charities.

　　B. There should be large public relations departments in awareness campaigns.

　　C. Business and awareness campaigns should not be held at the same place.

　　D. Marketing campaigns should not be in the name of charity ones.

　　答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。从倒数第二段首句 “This situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns.”可知，要解决前面提到的问题就要制定法律来阻止真正的慈善活动被市场营销活动所过度遮蔽，言外之意就是市场营销活动不应在慈善活动的名义下进行。故答案为D。A选项与文意不符；B选项未提及。倒数第二段的第二句话 “This could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation charity campaigns.”可知，文中提到了 “different times”，而非C 选项的 “not be held at the same place”, 故C选项不正确。

　　5. What’s the writer’s view on Awareness Weeks?

　　A. National Forget About It Week should be held to stop awareness weeks.

　　B. National Smile Week is a great idea to improve people’s life.

　　C. National Weak Awareness Week can help people better understand awareness weeks.

　　D. Awareness Weeks should be stopped because of marketing campaigns.

　　答案解析：答案为C。本题考查作者的观点态度。最后一段中，作者提到 “Maybe it’s time for National Weak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak.”，由此可知，作者认为对那些认知宣传周意识薄弱的人要进行宣传，言外之意就是National Weak Awareness Week可以帮助人们更好的理解认知宣传周。故答案为C。 A，B, D 都与文意不符。

　　[科普知识型阅读理解(一)]A

　　The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake­prone(有 countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.

　　Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 per cent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 per cent.

　　Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 per cent of its needs.

　　For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.

　　The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.

　　揥e can't even dig 10cm inside national parksr，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”

　　The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.with a 70 per cent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.

　　1. What would be the best title for the text?

　　A．Alternative energies in Japan

　　B．The world's largest geothermal plant

　　C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology

　　D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy

　　2. What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?

　　A．About 8%.

　　B．Below 1%.D．Over 80%.

　　3. According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________．a change of rules

　　B．financial support

　　C．local people's help

　　D．high technology

　　4. Geothermal energy is considered as a long­term programme by ________．Yoshiyasu Takefuji

　　B．Hideaki Matsui

　　C．Shigeto Yamada

　　D．Yoko Ono

　　5. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America

　　B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology

　　C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great

　　D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan

　　【参考答案解析】A

　　【要点综述】 文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能这样一件事，因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。　文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，所以是围绕地热能的话题展开。故选D项。　从第六段“For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能不到1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选B项。　从倒数第四段“…adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能，需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选A项。　从“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project.”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选B项。　从最后两段“…believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology…”可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选C项。Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.

　　An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.

　　Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.

　　Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high- priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high- income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air.

　　1. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons_____.　

　　A. result in more sport events

　　B. get more viewers to play sports

　　C. make more people interested in television

　　D. bring more money to the television networks

　　2. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?

　　A. Because there would be few viewers.

　　B. Because the advertisers would be off work.

　　C. Because television programs would go slowly.

　　D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television.

　　3. In many families, men make decisions on　.　

　　A. holiday trips　B. sports viewing　

　　C. television shopping　D. expensive purchases

　　4. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because _____.　

　　A. their advertisers are carmakers

　　B. their viewers are attracted by sports

　　C. their advertisers target at rich people

　　D. their viewers can afford expensive cars

　　5. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers.

　　B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies.

　　C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television.

　　D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.

　　【参考答案】44.DADCC