【最后抢分】2016年高考临门一脚 自选训练（5）附答案

　　自选训练（5）及答案

　　社会生活类阅读理解

　　For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.

　　Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance.Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured(忍受) . The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever- changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane. The soft lighting, in- flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.

　　Then there is the time spent being‘processed’at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being‘processed’at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high- speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.

　　Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday- maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed controls people’s lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master.

　　1. What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?

　　A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.

　　B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.

　　C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.

　　D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.

　　2. How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2?

　　A. By giving instructions.B. By analyzing cause and effect.

　　C. By following the order of time.　D. By giving examples.

　　3. According to Paragraph 3, passengers are turning back to modern high- speed trains because　.　

　　A. they pay less for the tickets　B. they feel safer during the travel

　　C. they can enjoy higher speed of travel　D. they don’t have to waste time being‘processed’

　　4. What does the last sentence of the passage mean?

　　A. They could enjoy free and relaxing travel.　

　　B. They needed the clock to tell the time.

　　C. They preferred traveling on horseback.　

　　D. They could travel with their master.

　　5. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Air travel benefits people and industries.

　　B. Train travel has some advantages over air travel.

　　C. Great changes have taken place in modern travel.

　　D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.

　　【参考答案】46.BDDAD　

　　[科普知识型阅读理解(二)climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38­year­old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk. ing volcanoes for a long time, so it's not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.”

　　Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn't take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000°C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision—there wasn't time to do anything else.”

　　And what about the future? “I haven't been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer won't be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet.

　　1. Hazel's claim that 揹riving to work is more risky?than exploring volcanoes shows that t.________．A．people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past

　　B．Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself in

　　C．there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel lives

　　D．Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces

　　2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes?

　　A．When she was visiting Italy.

　　B．When she was at school.

　　C．When she was twenty.

　　D．When she saw Vesuvius.

　　3. The underlined word “These” (in Paragraph 3) refers to “________”．melting ice caps

　　B．volcanic eruptions

　　C．changes in sea level

　　D．higher temperatures

　　4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna, she had to ________．take a dangerous route

　　B．take an unnecessary risk

　　C．leave her boots behind

　　D．walk for ten hours around the mountain

　　5. In the future, Hazel wants to ________．revisit volcanoes she knows

　　B．go on holiday to the Antarctic

　　C．find a less dangerous job

　　D．discover new things about volcanoes

　　【参考答案解析】B

　　【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了火山学家Hazel Rymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。　由此句话的But the 38­year­old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.”以及此句话可知，Hazel Rymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出，她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。　由第二段第二句“Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。　由画线词的前一句话“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps.”可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。　由第三段最后几句“‘I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，' she explains.She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.‘I guess it was five metres.The flow was 1，000°C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt.It was scary, but it really was a practical decision —there wasn't time to do anything else.'”可知她选择了从熔岩流中走过，而这是一条危险的路。　由最后一段的内容“…I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang…”可知，Hazel将继续对火山进行研究，并发现一些新的东西。The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food-price increases, combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.

　　Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or $10 billion altogether.

　　Second, the U. S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U. S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol(乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods—tree crops, grasses and wood products—but there’s no case for the government to pay to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank.

　　Third, we urgently need to weather-proof the world’s crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond—which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather—can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.

　　1. An international fund based on the Malawi model would　.　

　　A. cost each of the developed countries $10 billion per year

　　B. aim to double the harvest in southern African countries in a year

　　C. decrease the food prices as well as the energy prices

　　D. give poor farmers access to fertilizer and highly productive seeds

　　2. With the second step, the author expresses the idea that　.　

　　A. it is not wise to change food crops into gas

　　B. it is misleading to put tree crops into the gas tank

　　C. we should get alternative forms of fuel in any way

　　D. biofuels should be developed on a large scale

　　3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. A rain-collecting pond is a simple safeguard against by weather.

　　B. A Climate Adaptation Fund has been established to help poor regions.

　　C. The world has made a serious promise to build farm ponds.

　　D. It makes a great difference whether we develop wood products or not.

　　4. In the passage, the author calls on us to　.　

　　A. slow down but not to stop economic growth

　　B. develop tree crops, grasses and wood products

　　C. achieve economic growth and political stability

　　D. act now so as to relieve the global food shortage

　　【参考答案】47.1-4 DAAD　

　　[科普知识型阅读理解(二)for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a “3D tape measure”.

　　Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.

　　Using the person's height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.

　　The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a “small/medium/large” scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer's perception of their own body size.

　　Shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back ill­fitting clothes, researchers claimed. sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.

　　After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.

　　The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body.

　　Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said, “The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it's common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they're unsure which one will fit best.”

　　1. What is the essential part of a “3D tape measure”？A software.

　　B．A webcam.

　　C．A microphone.

　　D．A smart phone.

　　2. What can we learn about the “3D tape measure”？It will store or transmit the image to the Internet.

　　B．It is based on the buyer's perception of their size.

　　C．It will be a co­working production.

　　D．It uses a person's weight as a starting point.

　　3. Compared with the traditional sizing system, a “3D tape measure” is________．quicker

　　B．more precise. How can the “3D tape measure” benefit online shoppers?

　　A．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment in time.

　　B．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly.

　　C．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality.

　　D．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure.

　　5. What is the right order for a shopper to form a “3D tape measure”？he software

　　③to enter his/her height

　　④to judge his or her size by analysing his or her image

　　A．①②③④

　　B．②①③④【要点综述】 英国萨里大学科学家和伦敦时装学院设计专家共同开发的一款3D软件可以根据用户上传的照片精确测量出用户的腰围、臀围、胸围等关键尺寸，以帮助用户选定最适合的服装尺寸。A　通读全文以及第一段“…for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a ‘3D tape measure’．”可知3D量体的软件，因此选A项。　根据第二段“Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme…”可知，这款软件是科学家和设计专家共同研发的，因此选C项。　根据第四段“The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a ‘small/medium /large’ scale…”可知，此3D测量软件比传统软件更精确，因此选B项。　通读全文可知，网购者使用文章中介绍的a “3D tape measure”来测量衣服的尺寸，能够买到更符合自己型号的衣服，因此选D项。　根据倒数第三段“After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.”以及倒数第二段“The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body.”可知这个项目首先激活软件，然后测量其身高，再用网络摄像机摄像，最后通过分析其影像来判断其身材，故答案为C项。