1.不定冠词的用法
(1)辅音音素前用a,元音音素前用an.
如:a piece of information,an honest man
(2)用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或物的某一种类,此时a带有any的意思。如:
A horse is a useful animal.
马是有用的动物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
刀子是切割东西的工具。
(3)等于one,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
我有一张嘴,一个鼻子,两只眼睛和两个耳朵。
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马非一日建成。
(4)等于 per或 every.如:
There are fifty-two weeks in a year.
一年有52个星期。
The car runs at a speed of 60 kilometers an
hour.汽车以每小时60公里的速度运行。
(5)a= a certain,指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:
Is there a Mr Smith in your office?
你们办公室有个史密斯先生吗?
A tall man is waiting for you at the school gate.
有个高个子的人在学校大门口等你。
(6)“have/take+a+抽象名词”与抽象名词动词形式意义相同。如:
take a swim= swim
have a look at= look at
C. an; a; the D. an; a; 不填
2.定冠词的用法
(l)指双方都知道的人或物。如:
Bring the book to the school tomorrow, will you? 明天把书带到学校来,好吗?
If you can bring down the price, I want to buy the grey one.
如果你能降点价,我就买那个灰色的。
(2)用在可数名词单数前表一类。如:
The rose is my favourite flower.
玫瑰花是我最喜爱的花。
The dog is a warm-blooded animal.
狗是热血动物。
(3)指上文中提到过的人或物。如:
Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
今天他在制造一种机器,他想把这种机器像自行车一样骑,像飞机一样飞。
I met an old man that day. The old man is a professor. 那天我碰到一位老人,那位老人是一位教授。
(4)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前。如:
What can you find in the photo of his family?
从他家的照片里你能发现什么?
Is that the scientist you once talked with?
那是不是你曾经和他谈过话的科学家?
(5)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮大。
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
(6)用在方位,方向名词前。如:
People in the south live mainly on rice.
南方人主要吃大米。
They grow rice in the south, while in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. 他们在南方种水稻,而在较冷的北方种麦子。
(7)用在表示乐器的名词前。如:
I like playing the voilin in my spare time.
空闲时我喜欢拉小提琴。
He enjoys listening to the piano played.
他喜欢听别人弹钢琴。
(8)用在表示单位的名词前。如:
We sell potatoes by the kilo.
我们按公斤出售土豆。
I am paid by the hour.
我是按小时付酬的。
(9)用在形容词最高级前或序数词前。如:
Han Meimei is the best student in our class.
韩梅梅是我们班最好的学生。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二条大河。
(10)用在下列专有名词前
1)江河,海洋名称前:the Great Canal, the Long River
2)专有名词为复数时:the Philippines, the West Indias
3)普通名词构成的专有名词前:the Great Wall, the United states
4)公共建筑,机关名称前:the People ‘s Hall, the Department of Education
5)书报,会议前:the People‘s Daily, the 13th Party Congress
6)国民的总称前:the Chinese,the English
7)用在姓氏复数前,指全家人或夫妇:the
Turners, the Smiths
8)用在形容词前表一类:the poor, the wounded
有人总结过这样一个顺口溜,可帮助记忆:
特指重现用定冠,独一无二把冠添。
党政机关开会议,组织农业帽在前。
江山河海和峡湾,沙岛有帽较安全。
阶级国家分朝代,厂矿造船要带衔。
节目奏乐衣冠严,习惯随俗记心间。
3.零冠词的用法
(1)专有名词和不可数名词前。如: China,water
(2)名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,every, several等代词作定语。如:
There are some important facts in this book.
这本书里有些重要数据。
Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch towers.
长城上每几百米就有一个眺望塔。
(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:
Teachers are the most educated on average.
一般来讲老师都受过良好教育。
Of all that can be eaten, I like vegetables best.
在所有能吃的东西里,我最喜欢蔬菜。 (4)星期,月份,季节,节日前。(但中国传节日前需加冠词)如:
Today is September 10th , Teachers‘ Day.
今天是9月10日,教师节。
Swimming is my favourite sport in summer.
游泳是我夏天最喜爱的运动。
(5)在称呼语和表示头衔的名词前。如:
Uncle Wang welcomed us at the gate.
王叔叔在大门口欢迎我们。
In 1864, Abraham Lincoln was elected president of America for the second time.
1864年,林肯第二次被选为美国总统。
(6)在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。(如果三餐饭前有定语,可加冠词)如:
At four o‘clock in the afternonn we play
basketball on the playground every day.
每天下午4点我们在操场打篮球。
What shall we have for lunch?
我们午饭吃什么?
(7)家庭成员如父母兄弟前。此时家庭成员须大写。如:
Father is out at work, but Mother is at home.
爸爸出去工作了,但妈妈在家。
Brother and Sister are both students of this university. 哥哥和姐姐都是这个大学的学生。
(8)游戏,颜色,感官的名词前。如:
He is good at playing bridge.
他擅长打桥牌。
Sight is one of the five senses.
视觉是五个感觉之一。
(9)school,church,hospital指原意时不加冠词,若指建筑物本身或场所时须加冠词。如:
The thief ran in the direction of the church and soon disappeared.
小偷朝教堂方向跑去,很快就不见了。
How long does it take you to go to school by bike. 你每天骑自行车到学校花多长时间?
(10)两个相对的名词共用时。如:
The days are getting longer day by day.
白天一天天的长了。
The news spread quickly from mouth to mouth throughout the school.
这个消息很快在学校传开了。
请用下面顺口溜帮助记忆:
抽象物质专有名,代词基数用作前限定。
泛指节假,季节星期几,球棋呼语与餐名。
刊物公告与标题,普通名词并列紧相邻。
唯一职位学科与语种,洲,国,省,市,县。街路名。
广场公园建筑学校等,专名普名合并无冠是常情。
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