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2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练:2 冠词

发布时间:2017-01-12  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题,而且基本都设两空。一般情况下,试题的情景较为曲折,句式以复合句为主。另外,在短文改错和语法填空中也常常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括:

  1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。

  2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。

  3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。

  4.考查零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。

  复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则:

  (1)单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指;

  (2)复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不加冠词;

  (3)无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指时,其前都要加定冠词the。

  2016年高考将继续把冠词的基本用法作为考查重点,而冠词的活用仍会成为2016年高考考查的难点。

  一定冠词

  1.表示特指。

  Pass me the magazine on the desk.

  请把桌上的杂志递给我。

  二不定冠词

  3.用于具体化了的抽象名词前。

  He was a success in business.

  他是事业成功人士。

  三零冠词

  1.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。

  Knowledge begins with practice.

  知识从实践开始。

  Teachers should be respected.

  教师应该受到尊重。

  2.东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring Festival, the Mid­Autumn Festival等。

  3.月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October, on March 8等。

  4.三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。

  但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。

  5.表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。

  6.用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。

  John is captain of the team.

  约翰是这个队的队长。

  They elected him president of the society.

  他们选他为协会会长。

  7.用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。

  He was a teacher before he turned writer.

  他成为作家之前是教师。

  10.用于某些独立主格结构中。

  The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).

  老师走了进来,手里拿着书。

  四冠词在固定搭配中的用法

  1.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等,但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight, by height等。

  2.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部位”中的the不可用人称代词替代。

  take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂

  hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸

  此外,在be red in the face (脸红), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等结构中,名词前要用the。

  3.用于某些习惯用法,如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然,不知所措)等。

  4.有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如:

  1.(2016·福建,21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.A.the;a

  B.a;a

  C.a;the

  D.the;the

  2.(2016·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.

  A.a;/

  B.the;the

  C.a;the

  D./;/

  【答案】A

  3.(2016·山东,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.

  A./;a

  B.a;the

  C.the;a

  D.the;/

  4.(2016·江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.

  A.the;a

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D.the;the

  5.(2016·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.

  A.a;an

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D.the;an

  6.(2016·重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.

  A.a;/

  B.the; /

  C.the; an

  D.a; an

   【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.

  A.a; a

  B.a;the

  C.the;a

  D.the;the

  【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.

  A.a;a

  B.a;the

  C.the;the

  D.a;/

  【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.

  A.a;the

  B.the;the

  C.a;a

  D.the;a

  【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.

  A.the;the

  B.a;a

  C.a;/

  D./;a

  不定冠词的用法

  泛指单数和首提,某个/每个/又一个;

  物质名词具体化,相同还是抽象词;

  三餐四季有修饰,感叹句中有名单。

  ①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前;

  ②表示又一个,某一个(a second;a certain...)

  ③具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success,a surprise...)

  ④有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)

  ⑤感叹句中有单数可数名词。(How lovely a girl!) 

  【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.

  A.the;/

  B./;the

  C.the;the

  D./;/

  【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

  —It is not your fault.With ________ rush-hour traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.

  A.a;a

  B.the;the

  C./;/

  D./;a

  【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.

  A.a;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;an

  D.a;the

  【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.

  A.the;the

  B.a;a

  C.a;the

  D.the;a

  定冠词的用法

  特指双熟悉,上文已提及;

  世上独无二,序数最高级;

  某些专有名,习语和乐器。

  ①特指某些人或事物;②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已经提到的人或事物;④世界上独一无二的事物前;⑤序数词、形容词的最高级前;⑥某些专有名词前;⑦一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如:play the piano) 

  【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.

  A./;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;the

  D./;the

  【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.

  A./;the

  B.the;/

  C.an;the

  D.the;a

  【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.

  A./;a

  B.a; /

  C.the;a

  D.a;the

  【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.

  A.a;/

  B./;the

  C.a;the

  D./;/

  不用冠词的情况口诀

  下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前:

  专有名词表泛指,学科球类三餐前;

  复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;

  颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。

  以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况,即:

  ①名词前已有作定语的this,that,some,my等限定词;

  ②泛指的专有名词和不可数名词前;

  ③表示学科的(如English,maths,physics)等名词前;

  ④球类运动的名词前及三餐总称前;

  ⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时;

  ⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前;

  ⑦表示颜色(如:It's red/yellow)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;

    1. ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the

  B./;a

  C./;the

  D.The,the

  2. My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.

  A.the;the

  B.a;the

  C./;a

  D.the;a

  3.— How did you do in your essay?

  —I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.

  A./;a

  B.an;/

  C./;the

  D.an;a

  4.It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.

  A./;/

  B.the;/

  C.the;a

  D.the;the

  5.—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?

  —________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.

  A.A;a

  B.A;the

  C.The;a

  D.The;/

  6.I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.

  A.the;a

  B.the;the

  C.an;the

  D.an;a

  7. Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.

  A.a;a

  B.a;/

  C.the;a

  D.the;/

  8.—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.

  —Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.

  A.a;the

  B.the;the

  C.a;a

  D.the;a

  9. The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.

  A.a;the

  B.a;/

  C./;the

  D./;/

  10. As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.

  A.the;/

  B./;/

  C.the;a

  D.an;the

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