2016高考英语考纲解读及热点演练：1 名词

　　2016年高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。 名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：

　　1．考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。

　　2．考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

　　3．考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如：shelter n．庇护，避难所→vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨， 大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞， 猛攻； shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt.肩负，承担； trail n．小径， 痕迹→vt.追踪。

　　一名词词义辨析

　　同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。

　　二名词固定搭配

　　高考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。解答此类试题，不仅要掌握名词的意义，体会语境，还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。如：have/gain access to得以进入/会见/接近；take advantage of利用，趁……之机；make fun of取笑，嘲弄等。

　　三抽象名词具体化

　　抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。如：抽象名词 具体意义

　　success成功 a success成功的人或事

　　failure失败 a failure失败的人或事

　　pleasure乐趣 a pleasure令人高兴的事

　　pity同情 a pity令人遗憾的事

　　relief宽慰

　　a relief令人宽慰的事

　　beauty美，美丽 a beauty美人

　　surprise惊奇；吃惊 a surprise一件意外的事

　　concern关心 a concern一件令人关切的事

　　四名词作定语

　　名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain village, stone houses, coffee cup，但man和woman作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。如：a woman doctor, two women doctors。

　　五名词的所有格

　　4．双重所有格。

　　(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词，如a/two/some/any/no等时，表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：

　　a friend of my brother's/his

　　我弟弟的/他的一个朋友

　　several students of Mr. Smith's/mine

　　史密斯先生的/我的几个学生

　　(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感情色彩时，of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：

　　That little son of Xiao Li's/yours is really lovely.

　　小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。

　　This invention of the professor's/his is of great importance.

　　教授的/他的这项发明很重要。

　　1．(2016·湖北，21)Poetry written from the________of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A．perspective

　　B．priority

　　C．participation

　　D．privilege

　　2．(2016·湖北，22)Carbon dioxide, which makes a________between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.

　　A．difference

　　B．comparison

　　C．connection

　　D．barrier

　　3．(2016·江苏，33)With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a________for the better.

　　A．share

　　B．chance

　　C．turn

　　D．lead

　　4．(2016·江西，22)Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with ________.

　　A．curiosity

　　B．satisfaction

　　C．envy

　　D．patience

　　5．(2016·辽宁，23)The accident caused some________to my car，but it's nothing serious.

　　A．harm

　　B．injury

　　C．ruin

　　D． damage

　　6．(2016·天津，7)While she was in Paris，she developed a ________for fine art.

　　A．way

　　B．relation

　　C．taste

　　D．habit

　　7．(2016·浙江，4)As the world's population continues to grow，the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.

　　A．worth

　　B．supply

　　C．package

　　D．list

　　考点1、词义辨析

　　【例1】 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000，a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.　

　　A．average

　　B．number

　　C．amount

　　D．quantity

　　【例2】 Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.

　　A．consequence

　　B．independence

　　C．competence

　　D．intelligence

　　考点2、抽象名词

　　【例3】 —What do you think of the manager of your company?

　　—Oh，he is ________ manager who's pleasant to work with.It's ________ pleasure to work with him.

　　A．the；a

　　B．a；a

　　C．a；the

　　D．/；a

　　【例4】 —I find it very difficult to read ________ novel you lent me last week.

　　—Yes.It's necessary to have ________ good knowledge of history.

　　A．the；/

　　B．a；/

　　C．the；a

　　D．a；a

　　专有名词

　　【例】 —Who called me this morning?

　　—________ Mr.Li.He asked you to visit Shenzhen and said that ________ Shenzhen today is different from what you saw thirty years ago.

　　A．/；/

　　B．A；/

　　C．/；the

　　D．A；the

　　【例】 On ________ Friday when Tom was having an art lesson，as he had no color pencils with him，he drew ________ blue sun with his pen.

　　A．/；the

　　B．/；a

　　C．the；the

　　D．a；a

　　、固定搭配

　　【例】 It is no ________ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.

　　A．use

　　B．help

　　C．time

　　D．way

　　【例】 It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.

　　A．safety

　　B．company

　　C．house

　　D．friend

　　A．power

　　B．strength

　　C．force

　　D．energy

　　2．The TV series of Gong became popular and the theme song Love the feed sung by Yang Mi was a ________ at once and loved by young people.

　　A．shock

　　B．strike

　　C．hit

　　D．beat

　　3．In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the ________ between life and death.

　　A．division

　　B．difference

　　C．separation

　　D．sense

　　4．Two of my friends are having their weddings on the same day，and I'm in a real ________ about which one to go to.

　　A．situation

　　B．choice

　　C．trick

　　D．dilemma

　　5．If you don't work hard，it will be of no ________ for others to help you.

　　A．sympathy

　　B．significance

　　C．relation

　　D．sign

　　6．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an ________ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.

　　A．attitude

　　B．impression

　　C．appreciation

　　D．expression

　　7．________ material used for running tracks in schools across China may be ________ danger to children's health.

　　A．/；a

　　B．The；a

　　C．/；the

　　D．The；the

　　8．—Could you tell me the way to ________ Johnsons，please?

　　—Sorry，we don't have ________ Johnson here in the village.

　　A．the；the

　　B．the；a

　　C．/；the

　　D．the；/

　　9．Nowadays，few people form the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power ________.

　　A．drop

　　B．lack

　　C．absence

　　D．failure

　　10．Kelly gave me a vivid ________ of her trip to Mount Tai after her return.

　　A．explanation

　　B．account

　　C．imagination

　　D．idea