2016届高考英语冲刺写作必考话题：7-21 unit21 human biology

　　①The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.

　　(2016·福建卷，E)

　　这次活动是为来自世界各地的年轻人举办，寻求他们对未来的青年和教育的看法。 ②We are seeking to attain the most advanced technology level in the world.

　　我们正设法达到世界最先进的技术水平。 ③Why do modern people

　　material possessions？为什么现代人追求物质财富？ 答案　③seek after oppose vt.反对

　　(教材原句)Gene­therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.

　　基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对进一步研究。

　　(1)oppose (doing) sth反对(做)某事

　　oppose sb's doing sth反对某人做某事

　　(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的

　　be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立

　　①Most Americans opposed/were opposed to Syria war.大部分美国人反对叙利亚战争。 ②I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. (2012·广东卷，B)

　　我一贯反对定时喂孩子。 ③She

　　very much

　　.

　　她很反对你出国。 答案　③is；opposed to your going abroad postpone

　　vt.推迟，延期

　　(教材原句)I decided not to postpone studying and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.我决定不推迟学习，并每天早上早起直接准备去工作。

　　postpone doing sth延缓做某事，推迟做某事

　　postpone sth until/to...把……推迟到…… ①We are postponing our trip to/until the weather is fine.我们推迟旅行直到天气晴好。 ②Our school has decided to

　　the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.

　　我们学校已决定推迟运动会，因为雨太大。 答案　②postpone holding prohibit vt.禁止

　　(教材原句)Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发。

　　prohibit (doing) sth禁止(做)某事

　　prohibit sb from doing sth

　　＝prohibit one's doing sth禁止某人做某事 ①14 departments are working together to prohibit the hunting of wild animals in the province.

　　14个部门正在共同努力禁止在全省猎捕野生动物。 ②The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.

　　法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。 ③Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.(句型转换)

　　＝Some people think that it's necessary to

　　mobile phones in some places.

　　一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场合使用手机。 答案　③prohibit people from using rob

　　vt.使丧失；抢劫

　　(教材原句)Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.1990年，特里心脏病发作，由于大脑缺氧造成了永久性伤害，陷入昏迷状态。

　　rob sb/sp of sth抢劫某人/地某物

　　robbery n．抢劫；盗窃

　　robber n．抢劫者；强盗 ①The tomb which dates back to the Ming Dynasty had been robbed of its treasures.

　　这座可追溯到明朝时期的坟墓里的财宝已被盗。 ②Her illness

　　the chance to play for her school.

　　生病使她失去了代表学校参加比赛的机会。 答案　②robbed her of decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝，婉言谢绝

　　n．下降；衰退

　　(教材原句)Even though doctors don't fully understand comas and process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.

　　虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，会降低他们恢复的可能性。 观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的词性和含义 ①I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation.

　　②The company reported a small decline in its profits.

　　③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.

　　④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.

　　(1)decline to do sth婉拒做某事 (2)decline in/of sth在某方面减少/下降

　　on the decline走下坡路，在衰退中

　　fall/go into (a) decline开始衰落，陷入衰退 ⑤In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. (2012·山东卷，B)

　　尽管收到很多邀请，但他总是拒绝访问牛津。 ⑥The number of people who run the red lights is

　　since the new traffic regulation came into effect.自从新的交通规则实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。 答案　①v.谢绝　②n.下降　③v.下降　④n.衰退 ⑥on the decline equip vt.使有准备；装备

　　[牛津]The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。

　　(1)equip...with...用……装备……

　　equip...for sth/to do sth为了……而装备……

　　be equipped for/to do sth

　　为……装备好；做好准备 (2)equipment [U]n.设备，设施 ①Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations. (2016·辽宁卷，D)

　　现在它意味着它是人们用来偷听他人的谈话秘密的一小件设备。 ②Please

　　a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.

　　请自己准备一枝削尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。 ③The emergency services

　　deal with disasters of this kind.

　　急救队配有装备，可处理此类灾难事件。 答案　②equip yourself with　③are equipped to submit vt.提交；使服从

　　(教材原句)You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。

　　submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出

　　submit sb/oneself to使某人/自己甘受，服从

　　submit to服从于，屈服于 ①They had to submit themselves to his judgement.

　　他们不得不服从他的判决。 ②Completed projects must

　　the manager by 10 March.

　　完成的方案必须在3月10号前交给经理。 ③He

　　the headmaster's order finally that all teachers should

　　that report

　　the headmaster.他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。 答案　②be submitted to　③submitted to；submit；to at all costs 不惜代价地，无论如何

　　(教材原句)The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning－has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　at the cost of以……为代价；牺牲

　　at a cost of以……的价格

　　at any cost(＝at all costs)在任何情况下，无论如何 ①Zhang Lili, a brave woman teacher, saved her students

　　.张丽莉，一位勇敢的女教师，不惜任何代价救了她的学生。 ②The hero saved the boy's life out of the burning library

　　his own life, which was put up

　　one million dollars last year.

　　英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的去年耗资100万美元建起来的图书馆里救出了那个男孩。 答案　①at all costs/at any cost　②at the cost of；at a cost of

　　[句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　(1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。 (3)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。 ③Mary, rather than you，

　　not finishing the work on time.

　　是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。 答案　②preferred to；rather than　③is to blame for (教材原句)Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.不幸的是，很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。

　　(1)本句为“It is＋adj.＋to do sth”句式，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to catch athletes using illegal drugs。 ①It is very difficult to walk such a long way in the snow.在雪地里走这么长的路是非常困难的。

　　(2)在“It is＋adj.＋for sb to do sth”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点，常见的有：easy，difficult, important, necessary, vital, possible等。而在“It is＋adj.＋of sb to do sth”句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质，常见的有：kind, nice, good, clever, wise, careful, stupid, foolish, rude等。 ②How silly it was

　　you to give up such a good chance！放弃这么好的一个机会，你真是太傻了！ ③It is bad manners

　　the young to take up the seats for the old.

　　年轻人占据老年人的座位是不礼貌的。 答案　②of　③for * 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关 ·必考话题21　周围的环境(Ⅱ) [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．energy n． 能源 2．change n．&v.

　　变化 3．severely adv.

　　严重地 4．renewable adj.

　　可再生的 5．low­carbon adj.

　　低碳的 6．polluted adj.

　　受污染的 7．ecological adj.

　　生态的 8．run out

　　用完 9．adjust to

　　适应 10．a majority of

　　大多数 11．save energy

　　节约能源 提分句型 1．We have been cutting down too many trees，which causes birds and animals to lose their natural habitats.

　　我们一直在砍伐过多的树木，这使鸟类和动物失去了它们自然的栖息地。 2．Water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.

　　水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用。 3．It's high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.

　　到了我们应该高度重视环境保护的时候了。

　　[美 文 赏 析] 素材示例　春节期间，你同你父母回乡下老家看望你爷爷奶奶，这是你时隔五年后的又一次回乡下，下面是你在乡下的所见所闻，请根据图画内容，写一篇120字以上的英语短文，描述乡村的变化。 During the Spring Festival，I，together with my parents，went to the mountain village

　　where my grandparents live.It is five years since I last went there.Great changes have taken place in the past five years.It is far better than I expected. 佳作播报 Hardly had I got off the bus when a high water tower came into my eyes.① Now every family can drink fresh running water.Villagers no longer use firewood for cooking.Marsh gas，a new cheap clean energy，makes it very convenient to

　　cook and light.② All families have color TV sets. Their pastimes are enjoyable and colorful.What impressed me most was that③ the best building in the village is the school，where all children can receive good education. I was greatly shocked to have seen all the changes in the countryside.I believe they'll make even greater achievement with the new countryside policy. 1．Hardly

　　had I got off the bus when...此句使用了部分倒装结构。hardly...when...刚……就……，如果hardly置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

　　[模拟]　Hardly had I got home

　　when it began to rain.我刚到家，就开始下雨了。 2．...，makes it very convenient to cook and light.此句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式短语to cook and light.

　　[模拟]　I think it convenient for us to go to school by electric

　　bike.

　　我认为对我们来说骑电动车上学很方便。 3．What impressed me most was that...此句是what引导的主语从句作主语。

　　[模拟]　What we shall do next

　　hasn't been decided.我们下一步将做什么还未决定。

　　答案　1.seek；seeker　2.postpone　3.prohibit；prohibition　4.rob；robber；robbery　5.decline　6.submit　7．minimum；maximum　8.tolerate；tolerant；tolerance　9.oppose；opposition；opposite；opposed　10.violate；violent；violence　11.faith；faithful；faithfully　12.equip；equipment　13.fortune；fortunate；fortunately　14.enquiry；enquire　15.submit；submission　16.extension；extend　17.concern；concerned；concerning He is absorbed in useful and various information.He puts the former in storage and digests it.He never postpones treating us to a big dinner whenever making a fortune.He can defend himself by decreasing the loss.He can't tolerate being ignored. —— 词不离句，句不离段 ①The women's volleyball team put up a desperate fight to win the world championship at all costs. ②We may miss the next bus, but at any rate we'll be there before midday. ③The government is trying to wipe out the illegal activites. ④Do remember：“Don't put off what you should do today until tomorrow.” ⑤It's a shame that all her efforts are in vain. ——小试身手，聚焦短语 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.

　　许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。

　　[解读]含有if条件句的虚拟语气

　　[模拟]I would have attended the party

　　(如果当初被邀请的话)． 2．The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　[解读]rather than而不是……

　　[模拟]Change your diet，

　　(而不是)dieting, is a healthier alternative. 3．Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.

　　不幸的是，要检查出运动员服用违禁药物是不容易的。

　　[解读]主语＋be＋过去分词＋不定式句型

　　[模拟]

　　(这本书据说已被翻译成) several foreign languages. 4．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.

　　西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为：年轻力壮的而不是老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。

　　[解读]It is＋adj.＋to do sth句式

　　[模拟]

　　(被录取是不可能的)to a key university with such a low score. 5．In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.

　　将来，改变基因的运动员有可能创下8秒跑完100米的纪录或不到两小时跑完马拉松的记录。

　　[解读]have sth done结构

　　[模拟]We must

　　(完成工作) by Tuesday. 答案　1.if I had been invited　2.rather than　 3.The book is said to have been translated into　 4.It is impossible to be admitted　 5.have the work finished Ⅳ.必背句法——条件句与混合条件句 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．If Mother

　　(tell) me the truth when I was young, I would not make such mistakes so often now. 2．You could answer most of the questions now if you

　　(review) the lessons last night. 3．If you had studied hard before, you

　　(be) a college student now. 4．I didn't hear the phone.I must

　　(be) asleep. 5．I could

　　(work) out the problem, but I was too nervous. 答案　1.had told　2.had reviewed　3.would be　 4．have been　5.have worked 完成句子 ①If I

　　in your position，I

　　the same.

　　如果我处于你的位置，我也会这样做。 ②If you

　　earlier，you

　　him.

　　如果你早点来，你就会见到他了。 ③If he

　　come tomorrow，I

　　give him the dictionary.

　　如果他明天来，我就把这本词典给他。 —— 条分缕析，步步为营 ④If you

　　the doctor's advice，you

　　better now.

　　果你听从了医生的建议，你现在就好多了。 ⑤I

　　so busy then.Otherwise I

　　him the answer.

　　那时我很忙，否则我会告诉他答案的。 答案　①were；would do　②had come；would have met　 ③should；would　④had taken；would be　⑤was；would have told seek (sought, sought) vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图

　　(教材原句)Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员为寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗。

　　[词 汇 精 解] seek sth (from sb)(向某人)请求/寻求某物 seek after/for sb (sth)寻求某人(某物) seek one's fortune寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out找出；寻出 seek to do sth试图做……

　　考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关 *

　　要求：短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息，并做适当发挥，使短文内容连贯完整。

　　参考词汇：沼气marsh gas

　　Ⅰ.核心单词

　　1．

　　(vt.)寻找→

　　(n.)寻找者；追求者

　　2．

　　(vt.)推迟，延期

　　3．

　　(vt.)禁止→

　　(n.)禁止

　　4．

　　(vt.)使丧失；抢劫→

　　(n.)强盗→

　　(n.)盗窃

　　5．

　　(vi.)下降

　　6．

　　(vt.)提交

　　7．

　　(n.)最低，最小→

　　(n.)最高，最大

　　8．

　　(vt.)容忍→

　　(adj.)容忍的；宽容的→

　　(n.)容忍；忍受

　　9．

　　(vt.)反对→

　　(n.)反方；对立面→

　　(adj.)相反的；对面的→

　　(adj.)反对的

　　10．

　　(vt.)违反；违背→

　　(adj.)猛烈的→

　　(n.)暴力

　　11．

　　(n.)信心→

　　(adj.)忠诚的；忠实的→

　　(adv.)忠诚地

　　12．

　　(vt.)使有准备→

　　(n.)设备；装备

　　13．

　　(n.)大笔钱财，巨款；运气→

　　(adj.)幸运的→

　　(adv.)幸运地

　　14．

　　(n.)询问→

　　(vt.)询问；调查

　　15．

　　(vt.)提交→

　　(n.)提交

　　16．

　　(n.)延期→

　　(v.)延长

　　17．

　　(n.)担心；担忧→

　　(adj.)关心的；担忧的→

　　(prep.)关于；有关

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1．徒然；白费力气

　　2．随便地；随意地

　　3．不管多大代价；无论如何

　　4．立刻；马上

　　5．彻底消失

　　6．终止；消灭

　　7．无论如何；至少

　　8．put off

　　9．get down to

　　10．bring up

　　11．go through

　　12．get through

　　13．focus on

　　14．for good(and all)

　　15．miss out

　　答案　1.in vain　2.at random　3.at all costs

　　4．straight away　5.wipe out　6.stop sth in its tracks　7.at any rate　8.推迟　9.开始做　10.教育；养育；呕吐；引述　11.经历；通过　12.通过(考试等)；完成　

　　13．聚焦；集中；对准　14.长期地；永远地　15.遗漏；遗忘；错过机会

　　①If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.

　　(2012·天津卷完形填空)

　　如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。

　　(2)常用句型

　　②She

　　stay at home

　　go shopping with him.她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。