2016届高考英语冲刺写作必考话题：5-14 unit14 careers

　　(教材原句)Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.

　　在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最发达的国家的公民将会认为赶上变化的需求越来越难了。

　　(1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。 (2)复合宾语结构中，如果宾语过长，为了保持句子的平衡，常用形式宾语it代替，而把真正的宾语放在补语后边。其句型为：

　　主语＋find/think/believe/make/feel/consider...＋it＋补语(adj./n.)＋真正的宾语(to do/that­clause)

　　①He found it difficult to get along with his deskmate.

　　他发现和同桌相处很困难。 ②Nobody thinks it easy that one can pay off without outside help.

　　没有人认为不需要外力帮助就能轻易取得成功。 charge vt.收费，要价；指控n.负责；费用

　　(教材原句)Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors.

　　律师比医生收取更高的服务费。

　　(1)charge...for...因……收费……

　　charge sb with...指控某人犯……罪

　　(2)take charge of掌管，控制

　　in charge (of)负责

　　in the charge of由……负责

　　free of charge免费

　　①It is reported that Bo Xilai was charged with committing several crimes.据报道薄熙来被控犯了好几种罪。 ②I'll be ________ the whole factory when Mr Black is away.＝The whole factory will be ________ me when Mr Black is away.

　　布莱克先生不在时，由我负责整个工厂。 [熟词生义] 选择句中charge的含义 ③The shaver can be charged and used while travelling.

　　A．收费

　　　B．指控

　　C．充电 答案　②in charge of；in the charge of　③C

　　consult

　　vt.请教；查阅

　　(教材原句)He should consult Mr Jensen about the new account on the 24th.

　　他应当就24号的新账目问题向詹金斯先生请教。

　　(1)consult with sb about sth与某人磋商某事

　　consult sb about sth向某人请教/咨询某事

　　consult a map/a dictionary查看地图/查阅词典 (2)consultant n．顾问

　　①They came to the office to consult their teacher about their problems.

　　他们去办公室向他们的老师请教问题。 ②We ________the teachers and rapidly drew up a teaching plan.

　　我们和老师们商量了一下，迅速制订了教学计划。 答案　②consulted with 巧学助记

　　commit vt.投入；使承诺；做不好的事

　　(教材原句)I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.我发现，只要我具有献身精神并决不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道。

　　(1)commit sb to (doing) sth使某人承诺(做)某事

　　commit oneself to (doing) sth答应(做)某事

　　commit suicide/a crime/murder自杀/犯罪/谋杀

　　commit sth to sth调拨；投入 (2)committed adj.忠诚的；尽职的

　　commitment n．承诺，保证，承担义务

　　①The contract commits him to playing for the team for the next three years.

　　合约规定以后3年他要为该队效力。 ②I observe law and discipline and never commit any crime.我遵纪守法，从不犯罪。 ③The local government has________large amounts of money________housing projects.

　　当地政府已在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。 答案　③committed；to decrease

　　v．减少，降低n.减少，减少量

　　(教材原句)Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly.

　　农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少。

　　(1)decrease in...在……(方面)降低/减少

　　decrease to...减少到……

　　decrease by...减少了…… (2)a decrease in在……(方面)减少

　　on the decrease在减少

　　①After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that there was a decrease in classroom violence. (2012·浙江卷，C)

　　冲突解决程序在亚特兰大开始后，发现教室暴力有了下降。 ② This species of bird________________numbers every year.这种鸟的数量在逐渐下降。 ③In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is________________.

　　在我们学校迷恋电脑游戏的学生数目正在下降。 答案　②is decreasing in　③on the decrease operate vi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用vt.操作；经营

　　(教材原句)Similarly, companies will operate in different ways.相似地，公司会以不同的方式运行。

　　观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义 ①The doctors operated on her stomach last night.________ ②No one can operate the new machine except the engineer.______ ③The workers have the machine operating day and night.______ ④They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.______ (1)operate on sb/sth给某人/物动手术 (2)operation n．动作；经营；手术

　　bring...into operation使生效，实施

　　sth come(s)/go(es) into operation实施，生效

　　in operation在运行中，在生效中 ⑤We must________the plan________as soon as possible.我们必须尽快让计划实施。 答案　①做手术　②操作　③运转　④经营　⑤bring；into operation

　　respond vi.反应；回复，回答

　　(教材原句)Many more people will work for small, dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.

　　很多人将在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地做出反应。 (1)respond to...对……作出回答；作出反应；响应

　　respond that...回答…… (2)response n．回答；反应

　　in response to作为对……的回应/回答

　　give/make no response to...对……不予回答/回应

　　①Plants make such good companions：they breathe, they bloom, they respond to care and love. (2012·重庆卷完形填空)

　　植物能成为好伙伴，它们呼吸，它们开花，它们对所受到的呵护和爱给予回报。 ②The iphone 5 was developed________customers' demands.

　　为了满足顾客的需要，开发了苹果第五代手机。

　　答案　②in response to envy vt.&n.羡慕，妒忌

　　(教材原句)Welcome to one of the largest collections footwear in the world that will make you green with envy. (2012·安徽卷)

　　欢迎来自世界上最大的鞋类展览会之一，保证让你流连忘返。

　　(1)envy sb sth羡慕某人某事

　　envy sb doing羡慕某人做…… (2)feel envy at对……感到妒忌

　　out of envy出于妒忌

　　the envy of妒忌/羡慕的对象 ①I envy you having such a close family.

　　我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。

　　②The girl is better than any other student in the class, which makes her the envy of others.

　　这个女孩比班里其他学生学习都好，这使她成为了别人羡慕的对象。 ③________， I told our teacher the matter.

　　出于妒忌，我把此事告诉了老师。 答案　③Out of envy make up 占，形成，构成；编造，虚构；组成；和解，和好；化妆，化装；弥补(for)

　　(教材原句)Make up information about yourself.

　　编造关于你自己的信息。

　　观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义

　　①In order to meet her boyfriend she made up very carefully.______ ②They quarreled the other day but they made up soon.________ ③Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.________ ④Peasants make up over 80 percent of the population in that developing country.________

　　make up for弥补，补偿 make up one's mind下定决心 make out理解；假装；辩认出 make for移向；走向；促成；有利于 ⑤We have to drive fast to make up for the time we lost just now.

　　我们必须开快车以弥补我们刚才失去的时间。 ⑥There is someone outside the window, but I can't_______who it is.

　　窗外有人，但我看不清是谁。 答案　①化妆　②和好　③弥补　④占　⑥make out pay off 得到好结果，取得成功；还清 (教材原句)This paid off because she won an award for the report. 这些努力得到了回报，因为她那篇报道获了奖。 pay back偿还，归还；报答；回报；报复 pay for付……的钱，受……的报应 pay up(把应支付的钱)缴清，付清

　　①All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.

　　所有那几周的学习都会在考试的时候见成效。 ②You'll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one.你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。 ③If you don't work now, you'll________it later when you fail your exams.你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。 答案　③pay for in case 以防万一；万一 (教材原句)Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work, and try to read about new technology. 学习几种软件以备工作之需，努力了解最新的技术。in case＋句子 假如，以防 in case of＋n.假如，在……情况下 in that case那样的话 in any case无论如何，不管怎样 in no case决不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首时用部分倒装)

　　①We have to go past your house in any case, so we'll take you home.不管怎样，我们都要经过你家，所以我们会送你回去。 ②Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

　　＝Take an umbrella with you________rain.

　　＝It may rain；take an umbrella________.

　　带把伞以防下雨。 ③________ should the patient be allowed to get up until he has recovered from his illness.

　　病人要痊愈才能起床。 答案　②in case of；in case　③In no case [句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.

　　她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。 ②He recognized her instantly he caught a glimpse of her.他一看见她就认出她了。 ③No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.

　　________ had the game started ________ it began to rain heavily.活动刚开始，天就下起了大雨。 答案　③Hardly/Scarcely；when 础知识通关点 考点归纳拓展 [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．achieve v．实现 2．motivate v.

　　激发，促动 3．patient adj.

　　有耐心的 4．director n.

　　董事；负责人 5．intelligent adj.

　　有智力的 6．frank adj.

　　坦诚的

　　·必考话题14　个人情况 7．married

　　已婚的 8．slim adj.

　　苗条的 9．dream of

　　梦想…… 10．come true

　　实现 11．apply for

　　申请 12．feel proud of

　　为……感到自豪

　　提分句型 1．I'm a curious person，and I'm very interested in learning new things.我是个充满好奇心的人，我对于学习新的事物感到很有兴趣。 2．I think I'm reasonably optimistic by nature.

　　我想我生性是相当乐观的。 3．I'm quite hard­working，responsible，capable and outgoing.我觉得自己是个工作勤奋、负责、能干而且性格外向的人。 4．I am self­confident and optimistic.When it comes to work，I always get the job done，for I'd like to be thought of as someone who can be trusted.

　　我是个自信又乐观的人。在工作方面，我一向能贯彻使命。因为，我喜欢被当做是可以信赖的人。

　　[美 文 赏 析] 素材示例　(2016·郑州模拟)最近，你针对同学们的理想进行了一个调查，下图反映了你调查的结果。请根据图画的内容，写一篇英语发言稿，向同学们介绍你的调查情况，并谈谈你对调查结果的看法。 词数：100左右。

　　____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ As the above pictures show，students in my class have different dreams for their future.Here are the results of my survey①： The boy with a cap says he wants to be a scientist when he grows up；a girl with glasses says she dreams of becoming a writer；a girl in green says she is looking forward to becoming a

　　singer；another boy says he wants to become a millionaire like Bill Gates. 佳作播报

　　I am delighted to see everyone has his/her own dreams.It is dreams that motivate us to keep on trying until we achieve our goal. We

　　should work hard in order to make our dreams come true.It is no use daydreaming.② 1．Here are the results of my survey.此句使用了全部倒装结构。here位于句首时，若主语是名词句子要用全部倒装。

　　[模拟]　Here is the milkman，who has two daughters.送奶工来了，他有两个女儿。 2．It is no use daydreaming.此句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后边的动名词daydreaming.

　　[模拟]　It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　[谚语]牛奶洒了，哭也无用(覆水难收)。

　　Ⅰ.核心单词 1．________(vt.)羡慕，妒忌→________(adj.)羡慕的；忌妒的 2．________(v.)减少，降低 3．________(vt.)任命，指派；预约，安排→________(n.)约定，约会；任命；委派 4．________(adj.)不合法的，违法的→________(adj.)合法的 5．________(n.)指导→________(n.)向导，导游(v.)带领，引导

　　6．________(n.)片刻，瞬息(adj.)瞬间的，立即的，紧急的→________(adv.)即刻地，马上地→________(n.)例子；事例；情况 7．________(adj.)附近的，周围的→________(v.)包围，围绕→________(n.)环境 8．________(v.)仔细检查→________(n.)检查，视察→________(n.)检查员，视察员 9．________(n.)光荣，荣誉→________(adj.)光荣的，荣耀的 10．________(v.)犹豫，踌躇→________(n.)犹豫，踌躇 11．________(vt.)收费，要价(n.)负责 12．________(n.)奖赏 13．________(vt.)投入；使承诺→________(n.)承诺 14．________(vt.)请教，查阅→________(n.)顾问 15．________(n.)&(vt.)(使)安慰，舒适→________(adj.)安慰的，舒适的 16．________(v.)操作，做手术→________(n.)操作，手术→________(n.)操作员；接线员 17．________(vi.)回复，回答；反应；承担责任→________(n.)回复，响应，反应，回答→________(adj.)有责任的，负责的→_______(adv.)负责地→________(n.)责任，职责，义务

　　18．________(vt.)区别，辨别；表现突出→________(adj.)易分辩出的，区分得开的→________(adj.)著名的，卓越的 答案　1.envy；envious　2.decrease/reduce　3.appoint； appointment　4.illegal；legal　5.guidance；guide　 6.instant；instantly；instance　7.surrounding；surround； surroundings　8.inspect；inspection；inspector　9.glory； glorious　 10.hesitate；hesitation　11.charge　12.reward　13.commit；commitment　14.consult；consultant 15．comfort；comfortable　16.operate；operation；operator

　　17．respond；response；responsible；responsibly；responsibility　18.distinguish；distinguishable；distinguished Judgement of being illegal or not needs wisdom and guidance.Never hesitate to consult about the charge of insurance in that institute. ——词不离句，句不离段 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．接管，控制 ________________ 2．编造

　　________________ 3．假称；听出，看出

　　________________ 4．讨论，细谈

　　________________ 5．大声地说，自由而大胆地说出

　　________________ 6．坐直

　　________________ 7．信任，信仰

　　________________ 8．turn over

　　________________ 9．pay off

　　________________

　　10．keep up with

　　________________ 11．in case

　　________________ 12．due to

　　________________ 13．in addition

　　________________ 14．leave behind

　　________________ 15．stand out

　　________________

　　答案　1.take charge of　2.make up　3.make out　4.go into detail(s)　5.speak up　6.sit up　7.believe in

　　8．反转　9.得到好结果；取得成功；还清(债务)　10.跟上，赶上　11.以防万一；万一　12.由于　13.此外

　　14．留下来，将……落在后面　15.最出色，比……好得多

　　①The hotel itself can accomodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several self­catering apartments. ②We couldn't make out what they were talking about in the next room. ③People often don't do what they really want to for fear of failure.You don't apply for a job in case you don't get it. ④With only three legs, it was hard for Sooty to keep up with the old lady. ⑤Lin Dan devoted most of his time to his training and his effort paid off eventually in the 30th Olympics. ——小试身手，聚焦短语 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．The instant she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.

　　她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。

　　[解读]the instant引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”

　　[模拟]________________(我一看见他), I recognised him.

　　2．Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.

　　从现在开始到21世纪，这个世界上最富有和最先进的国家的公民会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。

　　[解读]find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth

　　[模拟]Even now__________________(我发现难以相信)what he said.

　　3．It's not about making men more like women, but helping men to communicate as well.

　　其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人同样良好地沟通。

　　[解读]not...but...不是……而是……

　　[模拟]________________(不是他在哪儿出生，而是他何时加入我们)makes difference. 4．Whatever I do, it will be with music.

　　我无论干什么，都与音乐有关。

　　[解读]whatever引导的让步状语从句

　　[模拟]________________(无论你有什么理由), you should carry out your promise. 答案　1.The instant I saw him　2.I find it hard to believe　 3.Not where he was born but when he joined us　4.Whatever

　　reason you have Ⅳ.必背句法——转述请求和命令；间接陈述句 将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1．“I'll be visiting China's Export Commodities Fair next week.”Amy said.

　　_________________________________________________ 2．“Are you sorry for what you have done？”the mother asked the boy.

　　_________________________________________________ 3．Uncle Liu asked John，“How long have you been waiting for the splendid sunrise？”

　　_________________________________________________ 4．The teacher said，“Don't read in dim light, boys.”

　　_________________________________________________ 5．Alice thought，“The troops must have arrived by now.”

　　_________________________________________________ 答案　1.Amy said that she would be visiting China's Export Commodities Fair the next week. 2．The mother asked the boy whether he was sorry for what he had done. 3．Uncle Liu asked John how long he had been waiting for the splendid sunrise. 4．The teacher told the boys not to read in dim light. 5．Alice thought the troops must have arrived by then.

　　完成句子 ①My mother asked me________________ (我是否愿意去那儿)． ②The teacher suggested________________________ (同学们明天交作业)． ③She asked________________ (谁在外面敲门)． 答案　①whether I would like to go there　 ②the students should hand in their homework tomorrow ③who was knocking on the door outside

　　——条分缕析，步步为营

　　[词 汇 精 解] reward n．报酬；奖励vt.酬谢，奖赏

　　(教材原句)The old lady is offering a reward of $ 50 to anyone who finds her cat for her！那个老太太拿出50美元的奖金给任何一个找回她的猫的人！

　　(1)in reward for...为奖赏……

　　as a reward for作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 (2)reward sb for sth因某事而奖赏某人

　　reward sb with sth用某物回报某人 ①May I offer you a reward for your kindness？ (2012·浙江卷完形填空)

　　我可以因你的好意给你一些奖赏吗？ ②The school________him ________a prize for excellence in his studies.

　　他因学习成绩优异而受到学校的奖赏。

　　词语辨析　reward, award 名词 动词 award 奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似 意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb sth ＝award sth to sb reward 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb for(doing) sth ③Li Ping was_______for saving a boy and she was________a medal at the conference.

　　李萍因救了一名男孩而受到了奖励，而且她还在大会上获了奖。 答案　②rewarded；with　③rewarded；awarded 础知识通关点 考点归纳拓展

　　(1)the instant为从属连词，引导状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。

　　I fell in love with Pride and Prejudice the instant I came across it.

　　我一读到《傲慢与偏见》就喜欢上它了。

　　(2)表示“一……就……”的其他方式：