2016届高考英语冲刺写作必考话题：5-15 unit15 learning

　　②Everyone wishes we would have a more harmonious society.大家都希望有一个更加和谐的社会。 ③I________________ a bird flying in the sky.

　　我希望我是一只在空中翱翔的小鸟。 ④She wished she hadn't wasted so much time.

　　她后悔的是她当时要是不浪费那么多时间就好了。 答案　③wish I were ①The driver acknowledged my instructions but did not move off.(2012·福建卷)

　　司机明白了我的要求，但他没有发动汽车。 ②Mum instructed me to deliver the box of sweets to my grandma.

　　＝Mum instructed that I________the box of sweets to my grandma.妈妈吩咐我把这盒糖果寄给我外婆。

　　[熟词生义] ③I will instruct him whether to come today or tomorrow.

　　A．命令

　　B．指导

　　C．通知 答案　②(should) deliver　③C distinguish

　　vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征

　　(教材原句)If the room hadn't been dark, he would have distinguished the two pictures.如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辩认出那两张照片了。

　　(1)distinguish between...

　　分辨，区分……

　　distinguish...from...

　　辨别……与……

　　distinguish oneself

　　表现突出

　　(2)distinguished adj.

　　著名的，卓越的，高贵的

　　be distinguished for

　　因……而著称 ①We could hardly distinguish the orange­colored spots of the kites.(2011·浙江卷，D)

　　我们几乎不能辨别那些风筝上的橙色斑点。 ②The twins are so like, it's difficult to distinguish one from the other.

　　这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨谁是谁。 ③Mo Yan________________his good knowledge of literature.莫言因其文学知识丰富而成名。 答案　③is distinguished for lack vt.& n．缺乏，没有

　　(教材原句)I know that I wasn't a willing student and I shouldn't have been so difficult at school, but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.

　　我上学时不是一个特别上进的学生，我知道自己本来不该那么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。

　　(1)lack sth缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)

　　(2)(a) lack of...

　　缺乏……

　　for/through lack of 因缺乏……

　　(3)lacking adj.

　　缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前)

　　be lacking in sth 缺少某物 ①It's not that exercise makes you healthy；it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.(2016·浙江卷，B)

　　这并不是说运动使你身体健康，更多的是缺乏锻炼使你的身体就弱，容易受疾病侵袭。 ②For/through lack of money the family couldn't send the boy to university.

　　因为缺钱那家人无法送这男孩上大学。 ③Because she________training, she was afraid of making an exhibition of herself.

　　她因缺乏训练而担心会出洋相。 答案　③was lacking in access

　　n．[U](使用或见到的)机会；权利；通道

　　(教材原句)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。

　　(1)access to

　　进入……，与……会面

　　gain/obtain/get/have access to

　　有权进入……，有权使用……

　　give access to

　　接见，准许进入

　　(2)accessible adj.

　　易到达的，易接近的

　　be accessible to

　　对……而言容易接近的；容易进入的 ① The only means of access to the house is a muddy track.进入这座房子的唯一通道是一条泥泞的小路。 ②Nobody but the head of the company has access to the secret office.

　　只有公司的领导可以进入秘密办公室。 ③Medicine should not be kept where it________________children.

　　药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。 答案　③is accessible to worthwhile

　　adj. 值得努力的

　　(教材原句)And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。

　　It's worthwhile doing/to do sth

　　值得做某事 ①He thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile.(2012·广东卷基础写作)

　　他认为挑战自己实现有价值的东西永远不会太迟。 ②It is worthwhile ________________money developing children's interest in music.

　　花钱培养孩子在音乐方面的兴趣是值得的。 ③What has just happened is well________focusing on.It is also________of being thought about by everyone present.Is it________to spend so much mon­ey on a wedding？We don't think it is________it at all.刚才发生的事值得关注。这件事也值得在座的每一个人思考。花这么多钱在婚礼上值得吗？我们认为根本不值。 答案　②to spend/spending　 ③worth；worthy；worth­while；worth approve v．赞成；认可；满意

　　[朗文]President Obama said he hoped to get the Congress to approve the treaty.

　　奥巴马总统称，他希望美国国会将通过这个协议。

　　(1)approve of

　　赞成，赞许

　　approve of sb doing sth 同意某人做某事

　　(2)approval n．[U]

　　赞成；批准

　　meet with one's approval 得到某人的同意 ①Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.(2016·安徽卷，E)

　　虽然不是每个人都赞成新的舞蹈，说它有点过于糟糕，但舞蹈的确找到了足够的支持者使它能流行。 ②I hope that the arrangements will______________.

　　我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。 答案　②meet with your approval urge vt.力劝，强烈要求，催促n.迫切的要求，强烈的欲望

　　(教材原句)At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。 ①We must urge upon you the importance of this matter.我们必须向你强调此事的重要性。 ②What can we do to urge these lazy children to work hard?

　　我们怎样才能催促这些懒惰的孩子们好好学习呢？ ③The premier urged the local government to deal with the price problem immediately.(句型转换)

　　＝The premier urged that the local government________________the price problem immediately.

　　总理敦促地方政府立即解决物价问题。 答案　③(should) deal with assume vt.假定，假设；认为

　　(教材原句)Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth?

　　为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？

　　(1)assume sb/sth to be...

　　假设/认为某人/某事是……

　　assume (that)

　　从句假设/假定……

　　assuming that...＝supposing/suppose that...

　　假定……

　　It's generally assumed that... 普遍认为……

　　(2)assumption n．

　　假定；假想；担任(任务等)；

　　承担 ①We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.

　　＝We must assume that he is innocent until he is proved guilty.

　　尚未证实他有罪，我们就得认为他是清白的。 ②________________the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?

　　假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？ 答案　②Assuming that adapt vt.&vi.(使)适应vt.改编 (教材原句)For a start, it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先，适应一种新文化是会很难的。 (1)adapt (oneself) to

　　适应

　　adapt sth for sth

　　改编为；使某事物适应或适合

　　be adapted from

　　由……改编 (2)adaptation n．

　　适应，改编(本)

　　①Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.(2016·浙江卷，B)

　　因为我们的身体适应我们对它们所做的一切。 ②The film ________his story.It mainly tells us his quick________to the new environment, and in fact at first he thought he couldn't________the changed environment.这部电影是根据他的故事改编的，它主要告诉我们的是他快速适应新环境的能力，事实上，他原认为他不能使自己适应变化了的环境。 答案　②is adapted from；adaptation；adapt himself to lay off 裁员；解雇；停止 (教材原句)Three months ago, when my manager told me that I would be laid off, my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当经理告诉我将被解雇时，我的大脑一片空白，心里充满了愤怒。 lay sb off

　　解雇某人 lay off sb

　　解雇某人；停止打扰某人 lay off sth

　　停止使用某物 lay off doing sth

　　停止做某事 ①Provincial government has decided to lay off the agriculture tax on the areas hit by the flood and torrential rains.

　　省政府决定免去被洪水和暴雨袭击地区的农业税。 ②You'd better lay off smoking for your health for a while.为了你的健康这会儿你最好不要吸烟。 ③They have called back workers that they were forced to________during the recession.他们已经召回了在经济不景气时期被迫解雇的工人们。 答案　③lay off aside from 除……之外 (教材原句)And aside from emailing, it's fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i­Cam. 除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。 (1)aside from＝apart from

　　＝except (for)

　　除……之外(别无) (2)aside from＝apart from＝besides 除……之外(尚有) (3)except that

　　除了……

　　in addition to

　　除了……之外还 ①Everything is quiet, aside from/except the occasional sound of a car in the distance.

　　除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。 ②The essay is well written________________few spelling mistakes.

　　除了几处拼写错误外，这篇文章写得很好。 答案　②aside from/except for set off 出发；动身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引起 (教材原句)I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。 观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义 ①The terrorists set off bombs in public places. ________ ②Be careful when you set off fireworks. ________ ③You'd better set off at once, because many miners are being trapped in the mine. ________ ④Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling. ________ set off/out (for)

　　出发/动身(去……) set about doing sth ＝set out to do sth

　　着手/开始做某事 set up

　　建立 ⑤He set about doing his homework after supper every day.

　　＝He________________do his homework after supper every day.每天晚饭后他开始做家庭作业。 答案　①(使)爆炸　②燃放　③出发，动身　④引起 ⑤set out to

　　[句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.

　　我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。

　　本句中含有“It's(high/about)time that”句式，意为“到做某事的时候了”。其中从句的谓语动词要用动词的过去式或者“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气，但should不可省略。

　　It's time(for sb)to do sth (某人)该做某事了

　　It‘s time for sth

　　该……，到……的时候了

　　It is/was the first/second time that＋现在完成时/过去完成时 ①I think that it is (high) time that you made up your mind to study.

　　我认为到了你下决心学习的时候了。 ②It is the first time that I________the Bird's Nest.

　　这是我第一次参观鸟巢。 答案　②have visited (教材原句)Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!

　　有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见。

　　wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。

　　①I wish I could fly to the moon one day.

　　我希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关 [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．benefit v．受益 2．standard n.

　　标准 3．master v.

　　精通；掌握 4．fluent adj.

　　流利的 5．expression n.

　　词语；表达 6．vital adj.

　　极重要的 ·必考话题15　语言学习(Ⅰ) 7．grasp v.

　　掌握 8．beneficial adj.

　　有益的 9．practise v.

　　练习 10．be popular with

　　受……欢迎 11．attitudes to learning

　　学习态度 12．develop one's interest

　　培养兴趣 提分句型 1．It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.必须指出学习只能靠自己。 2．The more books we read，the more learned we become.我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。 3．When speaking English I often feel nervous.

　　当讲英语时我常感到紧张。 4．Only by doing so can you enlarge your vocabulary more easily.只有这么做，你才能更容易地扩大你的词汇量。 5．Having a good knowledge of Enghish can make our dream come true.掌握好英语能使我们梦想成真。

　　[美 文 赏 析] 素材示例　(2012·辽宁卷)假定你是某中学的学生李华。请用英语给出版社的编辑写封信，表达你对现在使用的英语教材的看法，内容主要包括：

　　优点：(1)话题广泛；(2)有助于提高学习兴趣。

　　建议：适当降低词汇难度。

　　注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　(3)开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor,

　　As a student reader，I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house._______________ ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Best regards， Li Hua Dear Editor，

　　As a student reader，I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house.

　　With more using of the English textbooks, we can find a lot of benefits in them which are worth praising.Firstly there are a range of interesting topics chosen in them such as music，life，culture rather than① only boring science or politics.Moreover，you can also meet with a lot of colorful and meaningful pictures in the English textbooks which are very popular with

　　us.

　　佳作播报

　　Interested in the pictures，we are eager to learn the texts and even do more work after class.We have collected some excellent pictures and are willing to share them with

　　you if permitted.Nevertheless, well as the English textbooks were written②，we still find it difficult

　　to master some words and expressions.I urge that adaptations be made so that we can have a better understanding of them.③ Best regards， Li Hua 1．rather than而不是，通常用来连接并列结构。

　　[模拟]　We will have a meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.

　　我们是在教室里开会而不是在大厅里。 2．...well as the English textbooks were written，...此句是as引导的让步状语从句。

　　[模拟]　Much as I admire him as a writer I don't like him as a man.

　　他作为作家我虽然敬慕他，但作为人我不喜欢他。 3．urge催促，力劝；后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。

　　[模拟]　He urged that the work(should)be done more carefully.他催促工作应该更加细心地完成。　 Ⅰ.核心单词 1．________(adj.)值得努力的→________(adj.)值得的→________(adj.)值，值得n.价值 2．________(v.)怀疑→________(n.)嫌疑犯；可疑对象→________(n.)怀疑 3．________(vt.)区别，辨别→________(adj.)卓越的，杰出的 4．________(vt.)缺乏，没有→________(adj.)缺乏的，不足的 5．________(n.)(使用或见到的)机会，权利→________(adj.)可使用的；可见到的 6．________(v.)赞成；认可；满意→________(n.)赞成；批准 7．________(adj.)非传统的；另类的(n.)可能的选择；选择对象 8．________(vt.)反映；反射→________(n.)反映 9．________(vt.)忽略；不顾 10．________(vt.)简化→________(adj.)简单的→________(adv.)简单地；朴素地 11．________(v.)指导，教导→________(n.)指令，指示，教导 12．________(n.)惩罚，处罚→________(vt.)惩罚 13．________(vt.)获得，得到→________(adj.)后天的，获得的→________(n.)获得，习得 14．________(vt.)力劝，强烈要求→________(adj.)紧急的 15．________(v.)启发；鼓舞→________(n.)灵感，启发→________(adj.)受到鼓舞的→________(adj.)鼓舞人心的 16．________(adj.)有用的，有益的→________(n.)利益，好处 17．________(vt.)假定，假设→________(n.)假定，假设 18．________(vt.)(使)适应→________(n.)适应；改编 答案　1.worthwhile；worthy；worth　2.suspect；suspect；suspicion　3.distinguish；distinguished　4.lack；lacking 5．access；accessible　6.approve；approval　7.alternative 8．reflect　9.ignore　10.simplify；simple；simply　11.instruct；instruction　12.punishment；punish　13.acquire；acquired；acquisition　14.urge；urgent　15.inspire；inspiration；inspired；inspiring　16.beneficial；benefit　17.assume；assumption　18.adapt；adaptation I suspect his qualification of assignment and reputation.He often ignores other people's instruction and gets punishment.Assuming he is misunderstood，what do you think his reflection is? ——词不离句，句不离段 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．坦率地说 _______________ 2．裁员，解雇

　　________________ 3．因……而自豪

　　________________ 4．在某种程度上

　　________________ 5．往往会，倾向于

　　________________ 6．建议，提出(计划)

　　________________ 7．赞成，赞许

　　________________ 8．总的来说

　　________________ 9．go blank

　　________________ 10．swell with

　　________________ 11．aside from

　　________________ 12．switch off

　　________________ 13．set off

　　________________ 14．to start with

　　________________ 15．be accustomed to

　　________________ 16．in conclusion

　　________________ 答案　1.frankly speaking　2.lay off　3.be proud of　 4．to a certain extent　5.tend to　6.put forward　7.approve of　8.as a whole　9.发呆，黯然　10.充满

　　11．除……之外　12.关闭　13.使爆炸；引发　14.首先，第一　15.习惯于　 16.最后，总之 ①My father was laid off last year and since then he has been doing part­time jobs. ②I approved of your using my car, but you must return it on time. ③Don't worry, you'll soon be accustomed to living in the countryside. ④A teller from home set off an attack of homesickness. ⑤Aside from English, we learn Chinese, maths and many other subjects in our school. ——小试身手，聚焦短语 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．Now I'm about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.

　　如今通过远程教育我就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业了，并会获得该院计算机工程学的学士学位。

　　[解读]be about to do sth正要做某事

　　[模拟]________________(我正要出去)when one of my best friends came to visit me. 2．I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.

　　我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。

　　[解读]It's time (that)．..是……时候了

　　[模拟]It's time that ____________(改善空气质量). 3.Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion！有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见。

　　[解读]wish＋宾语从句

　　[模拟]I wish that everything in nature______________(能和谐共处)． 答案　1.I was about to leave　2.we improved/should improve the air quality　3.could fit in with each other Ⅳ.必背句法——虚拟条件句；wish和should have 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．If she________(be) here this evening, we________(play) cards. 2．The flood________(cause) great damage to the people if we________(not, build) so many reservoirs. 3．If you________(speak) to him last time you saw him, you________(know) what to do now. 4．If you________(hesitate) this moment, you ________(suffer) in future. 5．I wish I________(have) a chance to pay a visit to the moon. 答案　1.were；would play　2.might have caused；hadn't built　3.had spoken；would know　4.hesitated；might suffer　5.would have　 完成句子 ①I'm in trouble now.If only I________________your advice yesterday.

　　我现在陷入麻烦了。要是我昨天听从了你的建议就好了。 ②I wish I________________a chance to pay a visit to the moon.

　　我希望有机会去参观月球。 ——条分缕析，步步为营

　　③I wish you________________any mistakes.

　　我希望你没有犯错误。 ④I________________the book last week，but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.

　　我本来应该在上周归还那本书的，但我太忙了，把这件事给忘了。 答案　①had followed　②would have　③hadn‘t made　 ④should have returned suspect vt.怀疑；觉得(通常不用于进行时)

　　n．[C]嫌疑犯，可疑分子

　　(教材原句)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well...

　　我怀疑他们解雇我是因为公司做得不是那么好…… [词 汇 精 解] (1)suspect sb of (doing) sth

　　怀疑某人(做)某事

　　suspect sb to be

　　怀疑某人是……

　　suspect that...

　　怀疑……

　　suspect sth

　　怀疑某事 (2)suspicion n．

　　怀疑，嫌疑

　　suspicious adj.

　　感觉可疑的，令人怀疑的 ①He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.(2016·江苏卷，C)

　　他怀疑这是在其他动物身上的进化导致的改变。 ②Having found many dead pigs in the river in Jinhua of Zhejiang, people began to suspect the safety of the drinking water.在浙江金华的河水中发现许多死猪后，人们开始怀疑饮用水的安全。 ③We________the people on parade________his car made in Japan.

　　我们怀疑是游行者焚烧了他的日产车。 答案　③suspected；of burning instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令

　　(教材原句)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.

　　我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。

　　(1)instruct sb in sth

　　在……方面指导某人

　　instruct sb to do sth

　　指示某人做某事

　　instruct that sb (should) do sth 命令某人做某事

　　(2)instruction n．

　　[U]教导[复数]用法说

　　明；指示，命令 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关

　　词语辨析　wothwhile, worth, worthy

　　worthwhile “值得的”，指花时间去做某事是值得的，常用于It is worthwhile doing(或to do)sth句型中，但不能说：sth is worthwhile doing

　　worth “值……”，后接价值、数量词；“值得”，后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接不定式)，表示“很值得”时，前面加well修饰

　　worthy “值得的”，be worthy of sth(或接动名词，须用动名词的被动语态形式)；be worthy to be done

　　(1)

　　强烈要求某人做某事

　　urge sth on/upon sb向某人强调某事

　　urge that sb (should) do sth 力劝某人做某事

　　(2)have an urge to do sth有做某事的强烈欲望

　　wish后面从句中的谓语动词形式为：

　　wish