2016届高考英语冲刺写作必考话题：4-12 unit12 culture shock

　　①When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. (2012·北京卷单项填空)

　　他经常全神贯注地工作，每当这个时候他就会完全忘记吃饭或睡觉。 ②This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year.

　　这种乳霜皮肤易吸收，它在今年很畅销。 ③The programme Happy Camp ________________.

　　《快乐大本营》这个节目完全吸引了我的注意力。 答案　③was totally absorbing my attention 巧学助记

　　exchange

　　vt.兑换，交换n.兑换，交换

　　(教材原句)Talking of money－it's really easy to exchange traveller's cheques at banks or hotels so I advise you to get some of those before you come.

　　谈到钱，在银行或饭店兑换旅行支票非常容易，所以我建议您来之前准备一些支票。

　　(1)exchange sth for sth以……交换……

　　exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物 (2)make an exchange交换

　　in exchange for sth交换某物

　　①If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. (北京卷，A)

　　如果这门课程不能让你完全满意，你可以很容易地更换我们提供的其他任何一门课程。 ②________________your partner and then write it down.与你的同伴交换想法然后记录下来。 答案　②Exchange your idea with 巧学助记

　　majority n．大半，大多数

　　(教材原句)But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are really friendly and I've made some good friends.

　　虽然有些英国人有点儿奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好，我已结交了一些朋友。

　　(1)the majority of……的大多数

　　in a/the majority占大多数

　　by/with a majority of以多数票(赢得……) (2)minority n．少数

　　in the minority占少数

　　①An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. (2012·陕西卷单项填空)

　　达成协议似乎是不可能的，因为大部分的委员会成员反对该提议。 ②Yingluck won the election as the first woman premier in the history of Thailand________________73 votes.英拉以73票的优势赢得了大选，她是泰国历史上首位女总理。 答案　②with the majority of 注意 (1)the/a majority of后接名词复数或代词，意思是“大多数……，大部分……”，表示复数概念，相当于“most＋名词/most of the＋名词/most of＋代词”，谓语动词用复数。 (2)the/a majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。

　　request

　　n．&vt.要求，请求

　　(教材原句)to make a request to someone you don‘t know very well对你(们)不大熟悉的人表达请求

　　(1)make a request for请求；要求……

　　at sb's request＝at the request of sb应某人之要求

　　(2)request sb to do sth请求/要求某人做某事

　　request that...(should) do...请求……做某事

　　request sth from/of sb向某人请求某物

　　It is/was requested that...(should) do...人们要求……

　　① No photos of the girl were printed at the request of her family.

　　依照女孩家人的要求没有刊登女孩的照片。 ②It is requested that the students (should) get to school before eight o'clock.要求学生8点前到校。 ③They requested us not to smoke in the restaurant.

　　＝They requested that we ________ in the restaurant.他们要求我们不要在餐馆里吸烟。 答案　③(should)not smoke 注意 request作“要求”讲时，后面可以跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即其谓语部分用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可省略。与此用法相同的还有： 一坚持(insist) 二命令(order，command) 三建议(advise，suggest，propose) 四要求(demand，require，request，desire)

　　familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的

　　(教材原句)Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA.

　　金丽来到美国之后发现美国的生活方式很熟悉。

　　(1)sb be familiar with sth某人对某物很熟悉

　　sth be familiar to sb(＝sth be known to sb)某物为某人所熟悉

　　(2)be similar to与……相似

　　①I am familiar ______him——that is, he is familar_______me.我很熟悉他，也就是说，他为我所熟悉。 ②My studying style________that of most other students.我的学习风格和多数学生相似。 答案　①with；to　②is similar to attach vt.系，固定；附上，贴上

　　(1)attach sth to...把某物连接到/固定在/附在……上

　　attach importance/significance to...重视；认为……重要

　　/有意义/有价值

　　(2)attached附属于；为……工作；依恋；爱慕

　　be attached to...被连接到……；爱慕……

　　an attached school附属学校

　　①Attach a recent photograph to your application form before handing it in.

　　申请表上请贴一张近照再上交。 ②I ________ great significance ________ the summit meeting.我认为这次峰会会议具有重要意义。 ③This hospital ________ Hefei Medical University nearby.这个医院附属于附近的合肥医科大学。 答案　②attach；to　③is attached to bear vi.&vt.(bore, borne/born) 带有，携带；容忍，忍受；承担(责任)；支撑，承受；生育；出生；结(果实)

　　(教材原句)I can't bear the way the native Australians have been treated.

　　我忍受不了(那些)对待当地的澳大利亚人的方式。

　　观察句子，写出下列黑体部分的含义

　　①He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. ②The stress must have been enormous but she bore it well. ③The company responsible for the oil spill should bear the expense of cleaning it up. ④He can't bear people smoking while he's eating. ⑤I don't think the table is strong enough to bear the weight. ⑦After all, I was a teenager girl, and I couldn't ________ look at me and think I was not like them.(2012·广东卷，C)

　　毕竟，我是一位青春少女，我不能忍受人们看着我却认为我不像。 ⑧We must ________________ wasting time is equal to wasting our life.

　　我们必须牢记浪费时间就等于浪费生命。 答案　①带有　②忍受　③承担　④容忍　⑤支撑 ⑦bear people to　⑧bear it in mind that get used to 习惯于

　　(教材原句)You're going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here, Aunt Mei！梅姨，你将不得不适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭！

　　get/be used to(doing)sth习惯于(做)某事

　　be used to do sth/for(doing)sth被用来做某事

　　be used as...作为……来使用

　　used to do sth过去常常做某事

　　①Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals________ living outdoors. (2012·全国卷Ⅱ，A)

　　有一些主人会把他们的宠物留在外面很长时间，认为这些动物习惯于住在户外。 ②When he was young, he________go there on foot.Now he has______going there by bike, though his bike_______pick up his grandson sometimes.

　　当他年轻的时候，他常步行去那儿。现在他的自行车虽然有时用来接他孙子，但他已习惯了骑自行车去那儿。 答案　①are used to　②used to；got used to；is used to see...off 给……送行 (教材原句)He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.他坚持陪我走到车站送我。 see through sb/sth看透，识破；做完(某项工作) see to sb/sth照料；注意；处理 see to it that...确保/保证…… seeing that...因为，由于，鉴于

　　①I think they've gone to the airport to see their daughter off.

　　我想他们去机场给女儿送行了。 ②Can you see to it that the e­mail goes this afternoon?

　　你能保证今天下午把电子邮件发出去吗？ ③________he was a hard worker, the manager gave him a pay rise.

　　因为他辛勤工作，经理给他加了工资。 答案　③Seeing that [句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.定好和朋友到哪儿度假。

　　(1)句中where to go on holiday...为“特殊疑问副词＋不定

　　式”结构，在句中作宾语。wh­疑问词后跟动词不定式

　　构成的短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语，还

　　可以作定语。(why和if后不能直接跟动词不定式)

　　①When and where to have a picnic hasn't been decided yet.何时何地去吃野餐还未定。 (2)在“特殊疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式往往与前面的疑问代词构成动宾关系，不定式结构用主动语态。 ②The mother didn't know who to blame for the broken glass.

　　那位母亲不知道谁应该为那只打碎的杯子负责。(who作blame的宾语)

　　(3)此类不定式短语作定语时，通常仅限于“介词＋which＋不定式”结构。 ③He told his mother that he needed ten dollars ________ buy a new dictionary.

　　他对他妈妈说，他需要10元钱买本新字典。 答案　③with which to (教材原句)I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.

　　上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。

　　表示时间的名词词组the last time相当于从属连词，引导时间状语从句。

　　(1)名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句的还有：

　　the first time, each time, any time, next time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, the hour, the day等。 ①Be sure to call on me next time you come here.

　　下次来这儿时一定要来看我。 ②He left me a good impression ________I met him.

　　我第一次见到他时，他给我留下了好的印象。 (2)有些副词或介词短语也可以充当时间状语从句的引导词。

　　immediately/directly/instantly一……就……

　　by the time...到……时 ③Immediately he arrived at the classroom, he began to study.

　　他一到教室就开始学习。 答案　②the first time

　　础知识通关点 考点归纳拓展 [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．stress v． 强调 2．considerate adj.

　　体贴的 3．depressed adj.

　　失望的，沮丧的 4．actually adv.

　　实际上 5．shortcoming n.

　　缺点 6．consequently adv.

　　所以；结果 ·必考话题12　人际关系(Ⅱ) 7．benefit n．&v.

　　益处 8．familiar adj.

　　熟悉的

　　9．be crazy about

　　对……狂热 10．take...seriously

　　认真对待…… 11．be concerned about

　　关心，挂念 12．cooperate with...

　　与……合作 13．think highly/much of

　　对……评价很高 14．make a difference

　　有意义；不同

　　提分句型 1．Not until then did I realise the value of friends.

　　直到那时我才认识到了朋友的价值。 2．Keep on trying，and you'll make it.

　　继续努力，你会成功的。 3．Never lose heart even if you fail.

　　即使失败也不要灰心。 4．You're making progress.Keep it up.

　　你正在取得进步，坚持下去。 5．She put her heart and soul into the work.

　　她全身心投入工作。

　　[美 文 赏 析] 素材示例　(2016·新课标卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：

　　李明：高个子，戴眼镜

　　航班号：CA985

　　到达：8月6日上午11：30

　　注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头语和结束语已为你写好。 Dear Peter，

　　How are you doing? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

　　Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua Dear Peter，

　　How are you doing?

　　I'm writing to tell you that my uncle，Li Ming，is going to attend a meeting in your city and then he will bring you the Chinese painting you've asked for before. 佳作播报

　　My uncle's flight，whose number is CA985, will arrive at your city at 11：30 on the morning of August 6.As my uncle is not familiar with your city，I would appreciate it if①

　　you could meet him at the airport. I do hope that you can also take him to his hotel.My uncle is a tall man with glasses，wearing a black jacket.②

　　Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua

　　1．I would appreciate it if...，其中it作形式宾语。

　　[模拟]　I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.

　　如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。

　　2．现在分词短语wearing a black jacket在句中作伴随状语。

　　[模拟]　Mary stood at the school gate waiting for her mother.玛丽站在学校门口等她母亲。 Ⅰ.核心单词 1．________(vt.)欠(情、债等) 2．________(vt.)理解，掌握；吸收→________(adj.)被……吸引住的→________(adj. )吸引人的 3．________(vt.)兑换，交换 4．________(adj.)熟悉的，常见的 5．________(vt.)携带；容忍→________(adj.)忍受的 6．________(vt.)喜欢，依恋；系，固定→________ (adj.)附属的；依恋的 7．________(n.)&(vt.) 请求 8．________(n.)道歉，认错→________(v.)道歉，赔不是 9．________(n.)期待的事物；预期→________(vt.)期待，预料；指望→________(adj.)预期的，预料的 10．________n．大半，大多数→________(n.)少数→________(adj.)主要的vi.主修 11．________(adj.)合理的，正当的→________(n.)理由→________(v.)推论；劝说；理解→________(adv.)合理地；相当地 12．________(n.)动作；活动→________(v.)移动；感动→________(adj.)可移动的

　　13．________(adv.)好奇地→________(adj.)好奇的→________(n.)好奇心 14．________(adj.)非正式的→________(adj.)正式的→________(adv.)正式地 15．________(n.)到达，抵达→________(vi.)到达 16．________(adj.)小心翼翼的，谨慎的→________(n.)小心，谨慎 17．________(vt.)伤害→________(n.)伤害，损害→________(adj.)受伤的

　　18．________(n.)教育者→________(n.)教育→________(adj.)有教养的 19．________(vi.)属于，该在(某处)→________(n.)所有物；财产 20．_______(vt.)出口；输出→________(反义词)进口；输入 21．________(n.)相加；增加物→________(vt.)增加，加，增添；补充说→________(adj.)补充的，额外的，附加的

　　答案　1.owe　2.absorb；absorbed；absorbing　3.exchange　 4.familiar　5.bear；bearable　6.attach；attached 7．request　

　　8.apology；apologize　9.expectation；expect；expected　10.majority；minority；major　11.reasonable；reason；reason；reasonably　12.movement；move；movable 13．curiously；curious；curiosity　14.informal；formal；formally　15.arrival；arrive　16.cautious；caution 17．injure；injury；injured　18.educator；education；educated　19.belong；belongings　20.export；import　21.addition；add；additional

　　It is familiar that being modest and cautious is good manners.It is also a good virtue to make reasonable request，forgive others and make an apology.However，contrary to our expectation，customs abroad are different. ——词不离句，句不离段 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．习惯于________________ 2．预先

　　________________ 3．盯着某人

　　________________ 4．让……搭车

　　________________ 5．坚决要求做某事

　　________________ 6．给(某人)送行

　　________________ 7．附属于……

　　________________ 8．严肃认真地对待某事

　　________________ 9．hardly ever

　　________________ 10．contrary to

　　________________ 11．in poor condition

　　________________ 12．belong to

　　________________ 13．put/bring an end to

　　________________ 14．be sensitive to

　　________________ 15．as for

　　________________

　　答案　1.get used to　2.in advance　3.stare at sb 4．give...a lift　5.insist on doing sth　6.see...off 7．be attached to　8.take sth seriously　9.几乎从不　 10.与……相反　11.状况不好　12.属于　13.结束…… 14．对……敏感　15.关于，至于 ①This morning we all went to the airport to see my mother off. ②It is bad manner to stare at people like that. ③Her reaction showed that she was sensitive to what he said just now. ④It was late at night, and there was no bus.Fortunately, a man driving a car gave me a lift. ⑤Both of my parents insist on buying a computer for me, but I don't think it is necessary. ——小试身手，聚焦短语 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.

　　定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。

　　[解读]“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构

　　[模拟]Many people in Europe don't know________________(如何对付) the European debt crisis.

　　2．When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山的时候，我感到很难理解美国人的某些处事方式。

　　[解读]have a difficult time (in) doing sth.

　　做某事有困难

　　[模拟]I_____________(读这封信很费劲)．His handwriting is very bad. 3．I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.

　　上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。

　　[解读]名词词组：the last time(上次……的时候)用作连词引导状语从句

　　[模拟]This is what he told me________________(上次我见到他时)． 答案　1.how to deal with/what to do with　2.have a difficult time (in) reading the letter　3.the last time I saw him Ⅳ.必背句法——后接动名词或不定式作宾语的动词；现在分词 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Please remember ________(call)me after you get home. 2．I like _______(swim)，but I don't like ________(swim)this afternoon. 3．________(be)so poor in those days，they couldn't afford to send the boy to hospital. 4．In some places, missing a bus means________(wait) for another hour. 5．The man________(speak) to our headteacher is Tom's father. 答案　1.to call　2.swimming；to swim　3.Being 4．waiting　5.speaking 完成句子 ①I am the boss here！I'm not used to________________what to do.

　　我是这儿的老板，我不习惯由别人告诉我做什么。 ②Paul didn't mind________________to the party.

　　Paul不介意没有被邀请去参加晚会。 ③While shopping，people sometimes can't help___________into buying something they don't really need.

　　购物时，人们有时禁不住被说服买了他们实际上不需要的东西。 ——条分缕析，步步为营

　　④Three days later，I received a letter__________________.

　　三天后，我收到了一封提供给我这份工作的信。 ⑤He looked around and caught a man___________________

　　the pocket of a passenger.我环顾四周时发现一个人把手伸进一位乘客的口袋里。 答案　①being told　②not being invited　③being persuaded　④offering me the job　⑤putting his hand into [词 汇 精 解] owe vt.欠(情、债等)，归功于

　　(教材原句)I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.没有多给您写信我真的非常抱歉。

　　owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb欠某人某物,owe...to...把……归功于；归因于,owing to因为；由于 ①We owe these achievements to the strength of reform and opening­up and the persevering spirit of the Chinese nation.我们把这些成就归功于改革开放以及中华民族不屈不挠的精神。 ②The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars.

　　＝The country ________________foreign countries.这个国家欠外债数十亿美元。 ③________ the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.(2012·上海卷·Translation)

　　由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。 答案　②owes billions of dollars to　③Owing to absorb vt.吸收；理解；使专心，使全神贯注

　　(教材原句)I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me－I think I'm still experiencing culture shock.我一直忙于学习，了解身边的新事物——我觉得自己还在经历着文化上的冲突。

　　(1)absorb sb's attention to (doing) sth吸引某人对(做)……的注意力

　　absorb...into把……吸入/并入 (2)be absorbed by sth/sb被……吞并；为……所吸收

　　be absorbed in (doing) sth全神贯注于……，一心从事……，热衷于

　　础知识通关点 考点归纳拓展

　　bear sb to do sth 容忍某人做某事

　　can't bear doing/to do sth不能忍受做某事牢记……

　　⑥You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point.(2012·江西卷·阅读表达)

　　你可以选择你喜欢的任何一个主题。尽管如此，你应该牢记一个基本点。