2016届高考英语临考冲刺高分之路：猜测词义
发布时间：2017-01-12 编辑：查字典英语网小编
英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。
任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有：
1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?
2. The underlined word, means_______.
3. The underlined phrase, means_______.
4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______.
利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：
1.根据定义或解释猜测词义
【例题】
(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.
根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。
(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义， biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。
(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy.
2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。
【例题】
(1)He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.根据耻下文学语境意义，可悟出 quickly 与 hasty 同义。
(2)Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.根据上下文语境意义得知 raw meat 即是 meat that is uncooked. Raw 与 uncooked 表示相同意思生的，未煮过的。
(3)--1 think we are being watched.
--Really? What makes you think we are under surveillance?根据语境，可判断出 being watched -15 under surveillance 是同义关系。
(4)During the concert, the children were quiet but afterwards, they became boiaterous.
but 表示转折意思，因此 bomterous 是 quiet 的反义词，意思为吵吵嚷嚷的。
(5)Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person,who does not like to go to parties,or to make new friends.
unlike 是关键词，它表示Jane与她的姐姐完全不同。根据后面对Jane的描述“…ashyper son,．．．not like to go parties or to make new froends'，可得知gregarious的意思是好交际的。
3．根据举例
【例题】
(1)Scientists are studying how birds such ternsmigrate．
根据举例法(such as)，得知terns是一种鸟。
(2)Today young couples whoare just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances?for example，washing--machines，fridges and color TVs．
根据举例法(for example)，得知appUances是指washing-machines，fridges and co1or TVs这类家用电器。
(3)Several other gases，such as argon，comprise the remaining one per cent of the vo1ume of dry air．
SUChas提示argon为某种气体。
4．根据因果关系。
【例题】
(1)She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading．
because之前的分句表示结果，之后的分句表示原因，可推理，她没有听见的原因是她完全被阅读吸引住了或她正全神贯注地看书。因此engrossed的意思是被吸引的，全神贯注的。
(2)The noise was so faint that it was impossible to besure what it was or even where it came fronL
So．．．that．．．，结构引导的句子也表示因果关系。因此可判断出faint在此句中的意思是微弱的。声音太弱，以致不能确认是什么声音或是从哪里发出的。
(3)ThiS kind of flower thrives in this area because the weather is warm，the Soil is excellent，and there iS a lot of rain。
because一词决定了flower与warm weather，excellent sOil，a10t Of rain之间是因果关系。
因此thdves的意思是茂盛成长。
5．根据句意或上下文语境
例1 If he think she can invitemeout，he is all wet．I don't like to be with the them.
A. drunk
B．sweating
C．happy
D．mistaken
【解 析】
根据第二句我不喜欢跟他在一起，可推断出，如果他认为他能约我出去，那他就错了。这两句话实际上暗含因果关系。
【答 案】
D
例2 At the age of 77，John was still playing a skill ful game of tennis，ran four miles everydday and seldom missed his daily swim．For a man of his age he was extremelyrobust．
According to the short passage，the word“robust”，probably means________.
A。strange
B．weak
C．strong
ninteresting
【答 案】
C
根据语境的意思，一个77岁的人还能如此运动，可以说是身体不错，因此可以推断robust是strong强壮的意思。
由此可见猜测词义离不开上下文、离不开具体语境。
Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1. (典型例题，E卷)
T-shirts out; uniforms in
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing.
If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong'clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.
As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purpose and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol (象征) of taw and order. The uniform means to the wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets. People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education.
Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children's" creativity". First, as noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality (个性). They just copy their classmates. Second, students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While they're in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and math; this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.
1. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits"probably means________.
A. tasks
B. messages
C. differences
D. advantages
2. From the passage we learn that uniforms in general________.
A. prevent the wearers from being laughed at
B. help the wearers keep their duties in mind
C. are seen as a symbol of power
D. help to create social barriers
3. Some people are against school uniforms because ________.
A. they fail to realize that students have accepted the uniforms
B. they believe that uniforms will make students less creative
C. they don't agree that uniforms can remove social barriers
D. they think that school uniforms are too popular
4. The author would probably agree that
A. it makes no difference whether to wear school uniforms or not
B. students' individuality may not come from school education
C. students' creativity is related to' the clothes they choose
D. school uniforms help to create equality among students
命题目的与解题技巧：本文有关题考查学生猜测词义能力。做这类题的关键是学生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。
【解 析】
本文是一篇关于是否该穿校服的争论的议论文。有人认为校服会扼杀孩子的创造性，但很显然作者是同意穿校服的，认为穿校服可以在学生中间培养公平意识。
【答 案】 1．D
猜测词义。从下文看，作者例数校服的诸多好处，显然“benifits"在此有“优点，好处”之义。其他三词tasks(任务)，messages(信息)，differences(不同)，意思相差甚远。
2．B
细节推断。从第三段第一句话“AsinOtherplaces，uni forms remind the wearers of their purpose and duties"可推知，制服(unifontt)帮助穿衣者时刻记住其职责。
3．B
细节题。从最后一段第一句：“Someparents．．．，sayin8 that school uniforms will affect their children'screatiVity"可直接选出答案。
4．D
主旨推断题。纵览全文，作者的观点是认为学生穿校服可以培养公平意识，对于创造性可以在其他时间和事件中培养。
Passage 1(典型例题B)
These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.
Green building means "reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land" Taryn Holowka of the U.S Green Building Council in Washington, D. C. said.
According to Holowka, buildings account for(占了) 65 percent of total U. $. electricity use.
But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because ears use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don't destroy forests.
Marty Dettling is the project manager for a building that put these ideas into action.
The Solaire has been called the country's first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, "We've reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent. '
The Solaire cuts energy in part by using so]ar power. "On the lace of the building we have solar panels which change the sun's energy into electricity,'Dettling explained.
The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water by reusing it.
Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowka said, "It's going to be big." 1. In the second paragraph, the underlined words "the building" most probably refer to________.
A. an ordinary building
B. an. energy-saving building
C. a green-colored building
D. a building in Washington, D. C.
答案:
答案:
答案:
4. What is the main subject discussed in the text?
A. Dettling designed the first green building in the U. S.
B. Energy shortage calls for buildings of new design.
C. Green buildings help save environment.
D. The Solaire serves as a model of high buildings.
答案:
Passage 2(典型例题E)
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for "sport". Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper iudgments through independ- ent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and guncarrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins (血管). They are persnaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate (刺激) a desire to own a gun.
Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat (Jfl~,~,J~). Habitat loss will contin- ue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot,
they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character- building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.
1. According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because________.
A. they have little knowledge of it
B. it helps to build human character
C. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D. they want to keep wildlife under control
答案:
2. The underlined word "agony"in the last paragraph probably means________.
A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness
答案:
3. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually ________.
A. teach them how to deal with guns safely
B. praise hunting as character-building
C. describe hunting as an exercise
D. encourage them to have guns of their own
答案:
4. It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to________.
A. blame the majority of people
B. worry about the existence of wildlife
C. be in favour of war
D. be in support of character-building
答案:
Passage 3(典型例题)
Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they fly in seem limitless --miles of empty space. But, with the number offlights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.
People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small percentage of this money is spent on navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off, fly any distance, any land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic requirements.
But no matter how well the equipment works, operators of the equipment still play an important role. Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety. It is worth pointing out that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English, and the use of another language, in an international conversation, have led to two recent aircraft accidents. A new type of instrument (仪器) called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions. It would be particularly helpful near airports.
1. The
increasing
number
of flights leads to the fact that________.
A. flying is no longer limited in the sky
B. there is no empty space for aids to aviation control
C. piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult
D. the pressure on the ground becomes greater
答案: on pilots and ground controllers"意思是世界航空研究者们担心飞行员和地面导航的日益增长的压力，正好与C项吻合。
2. There is uncertainty about air safety because
.
A. planes become bigger for the increasing number of passengers
B. money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough
B. suitable electronic equipment hasn't been invented yet
D. it is dangerous for planes to take off or land
答案:
3. The underlined word "collisions"probably means
A. accidents in which two planes hit each other
B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers
C. quarrels among passengers
D. breakdowns of new types of instrument
答案:
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. governments and officials have paid great attention to air safety
B. there should be more companies to sell new safety aids
C. English should be used in an international conversation
D. understanding between pilots and ground controllers should be improved
答案:ir
safety”可知，D为最佳选项，句意为：飞行员和地面人员的交流对飞行安全是极为重要的。
Passage 4(典型例题)
Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bowerdesigned a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to-24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.
We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experiment- er took the train off the table and iifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen.
The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of "something permanence", while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
1. The passage is mainly about________.
A. babies' sense of sight
B. effects of experiments on babies
C. babies' understanding of objects
D. different tests on babies' feelings
答案:
2. In Paragraph 3, "object permanence'means that when out of
sight, an object________.
A. still exists
B. keeps its shape
C. still stays solid
D. is beyond reach
答案:
3. What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair.
B. A screen.
C. A film.
O. A box.
答案: B
指导：根据最后一段第二句可判断。
4. Which of the following statements is, true?
A. The babies didn't have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn't tell a ball from its optical illusion.
答案:
Passage 5(O4,湖北 C)
8: 30PM
Outlook
Outlook is back with a new series of reports to keep you up date with all that's new in the world of entertainment. Stories go all the way from the technical to the romantic, from stage to screen. There will be reports of the stars of the moment, the stars of the future and the stars of the past. The director with his new film, the designer with the latest fashion, and the musician with the popular song are part of the new Outlook. The program is introduced by Fran Levine.
9: 00PM
Discovery
When a 10-year-old boy gets a first class degree in mathematics or an 8-year-old plays chess like a future grand master, they are considered as geniuses. Where does the quality of genius come from? Is it all in the genes (基因)or can any child be turned in- to a genius? And if parents do have a child who might become a genius in the future, what should they do? In this 30-minute film, Barry John-son, the professor at School of Medicine, New York University will help you discover the answer.
10: OOPM
Seieaee/Heath
Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes". According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food---lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal"category (范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs.
1. The main purpose of writing these three texts is________.
A. to invite people to see films
B. to invite people to topic discussions
C. to attract more students to attend lectures
D. to attract more people to watch TV programs
答案:答案:答案:答案:答案:of 800 persons。．．，those devoted toweight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt．．．”可知答案。
Ⅱ 题点经典类型题
1.(典型例题 B)
Some time ago I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn't think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a whole lot of antique (古董) shops near my home. So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception (接待). I was quite wrong. The man wouldn't even look at my chair.
The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth--so I decided that my approach must be wrong.
I entered the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, "Would you like to buy a chair?"He looked it over carefully and said, "Yes, not a had chair. How much do you want for it, sir?""Twenty pounds,"I said, "OK,'he said. "I'll give you twenty pounds. ' "It's got a slightly broken leg,'I said. "Yes, I saw that, it's nothing."
Everything was going according to plan and I was getting excited. "What will you do with it?" I asked. "Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done.' "I'11 buy it," I said. "What do you mean?" "You've just sold it to me,"he said. "Yes, I know but I've changed my mind. I am sorry. I'U give
you twenty-seven pounds for it.
""You must be crazy,"he
said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. "I know what you
want. You want me to repair your chair.' "You're right,"I
said. "And what would you have done if I had walked in and
said, "Would you mend this chair for me?" "I wouldn't have agreed to do it," he said. "We don't do repairs, not enough mon-
ey in it and too much trouble. But I'll mend this for you, shall
we say for a fiver?" He was a very nice man and was greatly amused(感到有趣) by the whole thing.
1. We can learn from the text that in the first shop the
writer________.
A. was rather impolite
B. was warmly recelved
C. asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair
D. asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair
2. The underlined word "approach"in the second paragraph
means________.
A. plan for dealing with things
B. decision to sell things
C. idea of repairing things
D. way of doing things
3. The expression "the penny dropped" in the last paragraph
means the shopkeeper.________.
A. changed his mind
B. accepted the offer
C. saw the writer's purpose
D. decided to help the writer
4. How much did the writer pay?.
A.￡5.
B.￡7.
C. ￡ 20.
D. ￡ 27.
5. From the text,we can learn that the writer was________.
A. honest
B. careful
C. smart
D. funny
命题目的与解题技巧：本文2、3题的命题目的是考察学生同义猜测能力。这类题的解题技巧：仔细读划线词的上下文，根据句意或上下文语境作出判断。
【解 析】
本文讲述了作者发现椅子坏了，于是请人修理椅子时所发生的一些事情。
【答 案】
1．D
细节推断题。可用排除法，根据文意B、C很容易被排除，而A“作者很无礼”，文中并没有这样的提示，故选D。
2．D
词义猜测题。根据上下文猜测词义，作者前四次的境遇基本相同，当他走进第五个店时，由“Ientered．．．with a-- an．．．would you like to buy a chair?”我们知道他这次改变了方法，不再说修理，而是问店主是否愿意买椅子，所以答案应选 D,表示“做事的力法”。
3．C
词义猜测题。根据“the penny dropped”前面店主所说的“You must be crazy"，店主认为作者给他27镑买自己的椅子是不可理喻的，但是很快他又说“I know what you want． You want me to repair your chair”，表明他明白了作者的目的是希望他能帮他修理椅子。
4．A
细节题。nver意思是“五英镑钞票”，文章倒数第二句说明作者需付五英镑的劳务费。
5．C
概括总结题。纵观全文，作者在四次碰壁后，马上调整行为方式，最终达到了自己的目的，说明他很聪明。
Passage 1
Haikou: A shark was killed after being dragged to shore at Ya-long Berth beach in Sanya, South China's Hainan Province, on Sunday afternoon.
It was the first time a shark had been caught in the beach area, a popular tourist site in Hainan.
Local fishermen said they caught the 3-meter-long, 1-tonshark by chance when they were fishing in sea water 1,000 me- tres deep near the beach.
Police temporarily (暂时的) protected the shark while oceanographers decided whether it was a species belonging to State protection.
Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale shark and therefore not under State protection.
The shark was believed to have drifted into the area from the deep sea due to strong waves caused last week by Typhoon Imbudo. It had no open injuries but experts said they believed it suffered from internal (内部的) bleeding.
Local police officer Fu Chenggeng said beachgoers should not feel threatened by sharks because the fish never attack human beings on their own initiative. Fu said he had never heard of any shark attacks at the Sanya beach since he first started work there eight years ago.
However, police said they will improve the security system to safeguard tourists' safety on the beach. 1. The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________.
A. said
B. believed
C. thought
D. made sure
答案:答案:
And then something grasped his arm and a voice came,
"All right, Limey.
Take it easy unless you want lead for lunch. "and he felt something press into his back just above the
kidney. There was a tap as his fist was caught in the other man's left hand, and at the same time as the contact telegraphed to Bond's mind that there could have been no gun,
there came the well remembered laughter and the lazy voice
saying, "No good, James. The angles have got you. '
Bond straightened himself slowly and for a moment he could only gaze into the smiling face of Felix Leiter with bland disbelief, his built-up tension (紧张) slowly relaxing.
"So you were doing a front tail, you bastard? ' he finally said.
1. What did the man mean by saying "Take it easy unless you
want lead for lunch"?
A. Put up your hands.
B. Don't move or I'll shoot you.
C. If you want to have lunch, you must listen to me.
D. You go first slowly and we'll have lunch together.
答案:答案:
1.
Desert
animals
are
usually
more
active
at
night because
.
A. it is cooler at night
B. it is easier to find water
C. they like the dark
D. they are less likely to be attacked at night
答案：
2. Which of the following desert animals can get water only
from the food?
A. The camel
B. The kangaroo
C. The frog
D. The rat.
答案：
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. All the desert animals rest during the day.
B. All the desert animals don't rest during the day.
C. Cold blooded desert animals are out most of the day.
D. None of the cold-blooded desert animals go out during the day.
答案：
4. The title for this passage could probably be_________.
A. Hot Deserts
B. Desert Animals
C. How Desert Animals Get Water
D. Ways To Escape the Desert Heat
答案：
5. The underlined word "burrows"in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______
A. holes
B. caves
C. rooms
D. openings
答案：
2. What is not mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in Paragraph 3?
A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.
B. Sharpening metal bars.
C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.
D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.
答案：B
指导：原文中的信息是：First，讧willpassthroughsharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags．．．而B项提供的信息却是“将铁条弄尖”。
3. What's the main reason for big cities to build their own recy cling plants?
A. To deal with wastes in a better way.
B. To protect the environment from pollution.
C. To get raw materials locally.
D. To make much money from those plants.
答案：C指导：从最后一段"WiththegrowingCOStoftransporting rubbish tomore distant dumps(随着把垃圾运到遥远的垃圾场的费用增加)”可以推断出，在大城市当地处理垃圾可以节省运费。
4. The passage is mainly about _______
A. a cheap way to get energy
B. the place of recycling plants
C. new ways of recycling wastes
D. the probability of city environment
答案：B
指导：结合全文和第二段可以作出判断。
Passage 2
When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are about some of the factors that lead to these different senses.
(1)Each person's senses of others are formed by his or her own cultural condition, education, and personal experiences.
(2)Sometimes senses differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed. It is not necessarily true that person sense is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person: or you may center mainly on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3)Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states.
This is a process known as selective sense. Selective sense is obviously more dif- ficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽略) the stimulus "He's basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting.
"We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information
"All kids get into naughty hehavior. Taking a book from bookstore isn't such a big deal. "We can change the meaning of the contradictory information
It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later."
l. The first factor given by the author that affects our sense is_________.
A. the abilities of one's hearing and seeing sensors
B. cultural background and personal experiences
C. experiences one learns from others
D. critical measures taken by other people
答案：
2. While observing a particular person,
A. One ix likely to talk all aspects into consideration
B. Otie pays more attention to }lis , her advantages
C. children often differ from grown ups in sense
D. one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for
答案：
3. Observation of the same person by two people at the same
rime may differ because_______.
A.their measuring standards arc not the same
B. either of them may be slow to catch information
C. the time for observation is not long enough
D. each of them uses different language to express his her impressions
答案：
4. The underlined word "stimulus" in Paragraph 4
refers to_________.
A. something attractive
B. selective sense
C. contradictory information
D. shoplifting
答案：
Passage 3
Technology
has
been
an
encouragement
of
historical change. It acted as such a force in England heginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. Onc of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.
People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail. meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail.
This means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the product and lahored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in certain order.
There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater num- ber than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled workers wasn't the only loser, thc common workers lost too.
Similar changes forced fanners a way. The increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.
Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible.
Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the production of goods?
A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.
C. The increased use of machines to make products in less
time.
D. The use of machines producing parts of the same stand ard.
答案：
2. The underlined word "this" in the first paragraph refers to_________.
A. the use of scientific findings
B. the practice of producing the same parts for a product
C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy
D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change
答案：
3. The underlined word "this"in the second paragraph refers to the change that______.
A. each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nail
B. each nail was exactly like every other nail
C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller
D. goods could lie mass produced
答案：
Passage 4
We find that bright children are not often held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are improved. We feel that there are many dis advantages in streaming pupils, a way to teach pupils in groupsaccording to their ability. It does not pay attention to the fact that children develop at different speed. It can have a bad effect on bloth the bright and not-so-bright children. After all it can be quite discouraging to be at the hottom of the top grade !
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability. This is only one aspect (方面) of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic (学术理论的) ability. We also value personal qua[ides (品质)and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching helps improve all these aspects of learning.
In our classroom, we work in various ways.
The pupils often work in groups, this gives them the chances to learn to cc-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They al- sci learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate (分析和评价), and to comunicate effectively.
The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual (个人的) tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed.
They also have some formal class teaching when this is right and suitable. We encourage our pu- pils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.
1. What's the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching"?
A. He agrees to it.
B. He doubts the truth of it.
C. He is very discontent about it.
D. He tries to be objective at)out it.
答案：
2. By "held back", the author means
A. forced to study in the lower class
B. made to remain in the same class
C. prevented from advancing
D. made to fall behind other students
答案：
Passage 5
When we think about people who arc leaders, we often get a mental picture of someone who is older, smarter, and wiser than ourselves.
Studies of leadership,
though,
have usually found that there is almost no relationship between skill as a leader and traditional measures of intelligence.
Some recent research by psychologist Red Fiedle and his colleagues showed that both intelligence and experience may be important
but just now how important depends upon how stressful the work situation is and what kind of task is to be ac- complished. The researchers obtained measures of intelligence, experience, performance, and stress.
Overall, these variables did not relate to one another. Men with high and low intelligence were equally likely to give good performance, as were men with more and less experience, or more and less stress with their bosses.
Howevcr, when you look separately at those men who have high stress with their bosses, thc picture changes.
In high stress situations, there was no association between intelligence and performance, but there was between experience and performance. In other words, in difficuh situations, it was helpful to "know the ropes". In low stress situations, the find ings were just the opposite. Experience was not related to good performance, but intelligence was.
That is. when things are going well, intelligence is very useful in leadership.
A study of fire fighters' performance under high and low stress conditions also found the experienced officers performed best under situations of stress. None of this is really very surprising. If you have ever had a supervisory job you probably found that at least as much energy went into handling (管理) people as went into handling the job itself. Tests of intelligence at least the ones we have now do not predict success in handling people.
1. What kind of people can do the best job in stress situation?
A. intelligent people
B. experienced people
C. calm people
D. skilled people
2. In the third sentence of the last paragraph. "a supervisory job "refers to_______.
A. a management job
B. an advisory job
C. a teaching job
D. an organizing job
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage.'?
A. In stress situations, there are no association between experience and performance.
B. Some recent research suggests that most leaders arc lack of intelligence.
C. In low stress situations, intelligence plays an important role in leadership.
D. Generally speaking, leaders are likely to be cleverer than
ordinary people.
4. In the second sentence of the fourth paragraph, to "know the ropes"most probably means________.
A. to understand the situation
B. to control the situation
C. to get rid of the situation
D. to make sure what to do about thc situation
答案：
探究性命题综合测试
考场热身
一、Passage 1
On May 21,1999, some American scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright red spots crossing the computers' screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening, they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror, they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of by computer viruses(病毒) ! Obviously all these computers had been infected by computer viruses.
It is said that the computer viruses were made by two or three Philippine young men food of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence(才智). The kind of computer virus is named"Love You"Virus This virus can hide in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lower- ing the important fimctlons(功能), damaging their normal pro grams or even getting rid of a great deal of information which operators of the computers often use or store. What's worse, it still can reproduce itself in great quantities within a short time.
We have come to know that" Love You"Virus often at- tacks computers on Mondays and that it is spreading to many computers in the world.
Among the countries that suffered computer viruses recent years are Britain, Australia, Switzer- land and the U. S. Those who made the computer viruses have been found out slowly and carefully. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem.
1. Two or three Philippine young men created the computer vi ruses to_______.
A. damage the computers
B. test their ability quickly
C. tell the world that they were intelligent
D. play a trick on operators of the computers
答案：present
答案：________.
A. the computer's functions are lowered
B. the normal programs are damaged
C. most the information stored in the computers is gone
D. the computers infected by the viruses can no longer
be used
答案：
4. According to the passage, which of the following is true'?
A. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses.
B. The viruses will come to the new computer after staying in the old one for some time.
C. Last year four countries found their computers were infec ted by viruses.
D. The "Love You"Virus is a great harm to human health.
答案：but before a second plane crashed into the other landmark office building.
The president spoke out after the second incident, aborting another education themed event and declaring "a national trag edy"and vowing an all-out hunt for the authors of what he called an apparent terrorist attack.
Bush said"he had ordered that the full resources of the fed eral government go to help the victims and their families and to conduct a fullscale investigation to hunt down and to find those folks that committed this act. Terrorism against our na tion will not stand."
"Today we've had a national tragedy. Two airplanes have crashed into the World Trade Center in an apparent terrorist at tack on our country. I have spoken to the Vice President. to the Governor of New York, to the Director of the FBI, "He said.
1. When Bush definitely learned the attack news from his chief of staff, Andrew Card?
A. Soon after the first plane crashed into one of New York' s twin World Trade Center towers.
B. In the middle of two attacks.
C. Just after another plane crashed into the other landmark office building.
D. On his journey to his office.
答案：.
2. In "aborting another education-themed event" the word "aborting"is the same meaning with______.
A. putting off
B. delaying
C. postponing
D. stopping
答案：
3. Which of the following steps Bush administration will take is not true.'?
A. To find out the incident-maker.
B. To help the victims and their families.
C. To declare the attack day as a national tragedy.
D. To put off the education themed event.
答案：
Passage 3
University researchers tested the effects of different colored walls on two groups of visitors. For the first group, the room was painted white; for the second, dark brown.
The movement of each group was followed by an electric system hidden under the carpet. Tie experiment showed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. Dark brown stimulated(刺激)more activity, but the activity ended sooner.
Not only the choice of colors but also the appearance (外表) of a room has effect on those inside it. In a second experi ment the researchers prepared subjects with photos of faces. Three groups of subjects were used; each was shown the same photos, but each group was in a different kind of room. One group was in an "ugly"room that seemed to be a messy (零乱的) storeroom. Another group was in a common room an of- fice. The third group was in a beautiful living room.
Results showed that the subjects in the beautiful loom ap- peared to give higher ratings (评价) to the faces than those in the ugly room did.
Other studies suggest that students do better at tests taken in comfortable rooms than in ordinary-looking or ugly rooms.
1.
An
electric
system
under
the
carpet
was
used
to discover________.
A. what the visitors wanted to do
B. the activity of different groups of visitors
C. how the visitors entered the different rooms
D. whether the visitors walked quickly or not
答案：
2. According to the passage, the people who entered the white
room walked more
than those who were in the dark
brown one.
A. quickly
B. slower
C. quick
D. slowly
答案：
3. "... but also the appearance of a room has effect on those inside t. "In the sentence those refers to_______.
A. subjects
B. researchers
C. some people
D. different colors
答案：
4. The passage gives us_______facts that different rooms give people different effects.
A. one or two
B. two
C. three
D. four
答案：
Passage 4
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learn lng to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if cor rected too much, he will stop talking.
He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare (比较) their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathemat ics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time to such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the chil dren learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_______
A. listening to skilled people's advice
B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected
D. doing what other people do
答案：
2. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?
A. Give children correct answers.
B. Allow children to make mistakes.
C. Point out children's mistakes to them.
D. Let children mark their own work.
答案：__________.
A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children's mistakes whenever found
C. correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
答案：A
指导：儿童应相互学习。根据文章中相关信息(见第一自然段末)即可判断正确答案。
4. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to
ride a bicycle are_________.
A. different from learning other skills
B. the same as learning skills
C. more important than other skills
D. not really important skills
答案：B
指导：根据文章陈述的观点，学习语言与学习骑车规律上是一致的。
5. The title of this passage could probably be__________.
A. Let Our Teachers Stop Work
B. Let Us Make Children Leam
C. Let Children Correct their Exercises
D. Let Children Learn by Themselves
答案：D指导：主张儿童自学符合文章主题。
Passage 5
Robably you have seen photographs of the Grand Canyon (峡谷), the great valley in the desert country of Arizona. But you must go there yourself to feel its true size and beauty. Tie Grand Canyon is one of the greatest natural wonders of the world.
The Colorado River formed the Grand Canyon over mil lions of years. Slowly, the river cut down through hard rock. At the same time. the land was rising. Today. the canyon is one and a half kilometres deep and 445 kilometres long. The el dest rocks at the bottom of the canyon are more than 1 billion years old. The width varies from about 200 metres to 29 kilo metres across. The rim (边缘) or top of the canyon is about 2, 300 metres above sea level tin the South Rim, and about 3,000 metres on the other side, the North Rink As a result, there are different kinds of plants and animals on opposite sides of the canyon. The South Run is dry desert country. The North Rim has tall forests.
The canyon looks different at different times of day. and in different seasons and weather.
At sunrise anti sunset the red. gold, brown, and orange colours of the rocks are especially dear and bright.
In winter, the canyon is partly covered with snow.
The view from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is the best.
Most visitors come to the South Rim and stay in camp- grounds or hotels. Every point along the canyon' s edge offers a different view.
The North Rim of the Canyon is quieter, h takes all day to drive there from the South Rim because there is only one bridge across the Colorado River. On the way, you go through Navado Indian lands, and a colourful pink desert called "The Painted Desert".
You can walk clown into the Grand Canyon, or you can go down oil the back of a mule (小型电动机车).
You can also lake a boat trip down the Colorado River, and camp on the bea ches at night. But whether you see the Grand Canyon from the top or the honom, it will be an experience that you will never forget.
1. The sea level on both sides of the Grand Canyou is________.
A. the same
B. changing with time
C. various
D. very low
答案：
2. From the passage we can know that the_______of the can yon is different at different time.
A. length
B. scene
C. width
D. height
答案：
3. If you go to visit the canyon you'd better go to________.
A. the South Rim
B. the North Rim
C. the bottom
I). the top of a tree
答案：
Passage 6
Feeling hopeless and sick ;it heart, Tom turned away. For a quick moment his eyes met those of the cook, and he saw there a light of such hatred(憎恨) and
fear that no words could describe.
The cook moved quietly closer. He whispered to Tom in a rough voice. "Don't be too clever.
Mark my words.
And he went away.
Tom's thoughts did not delay going for long on the cook and his words.
His friend was in trouble, how could he help him? He decided to slip (溜走) away as soon as possihle in search of information that would clear Jay of all doubts and bring the true criminal to justice (法院).
lie has noticed a piece of old sailcloth (帆布) lying on the ship floor. With this and a length of stringily-T-)he made a package which looked very nuch like the one the police had seized(逮捕). His plan was to step to the shore and to hand it over just as the cook ha{,t ordered Jay to, hoping in this way to learn the truth about the criminals' activities.
He could then persuade the police of his friend's innocence(无罪).
By now it was dark. Taking the blankets out of Jay's empty bed. Tom piled them up in his extra in the shatpe of a sleeping figure. How real it lookked
With the blanket pulled up high around the figure's head he could almost believe he saw it breathing.
Pleased with this, 'Ibm moved quietly to the door.
He was about to open it when he felt it secretly turned to other way. Someone was outside and about to come in. Was his plan failed? Slipping quickly back behind the door as it opened. Tom waited.
It was tile cook who was leaning(倚靠) forward now over the figure in the bed. His aim swung(挥舞)up. For an instant (立即)a long knife cut into it.
l. The main cause of Tom's worry was that be__________?
A. failed to save bis friend out of trouble
B. knew the truth about tide criminals
C. knew his friend was in trouble
D. felt such hatred and fear for the cook
答案：
2. Paragraph 5 mainly describes
A. Tom's hope to catch thc intru{,ier (闯入者)
B. the unknown sleeping figure in Jay's bed
C. the danger Tom faced in Jay's empty bed
D. what Tom did to carry out his plan
答案：
3. Tom's plan was to ________
A. help his friend slip away
B. pretend to go along with the plan of the criminal
C. find out Jay was the criminal
D. pretend to bring the true criminals to justice
答案：
4. If
asked, Tern
Would
probably
say: "I
risk
danger becattse
A. I wanted to help the police
B. I knew my friend was innocent
C. I know the cook was a murderer
D. I wasn't to dismiss the criminal's plan
答案：
Passage 7
Two thieves came to a house to steal something. They dug a hole in the wall of the house.
There lived many mice in the house. The woman in the moonlight(月光) saw a mouse crawl(爬行) into the house. "Look! In conies one, "she said to the man in thehouse. The thief was so frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the house and said to the one waiting outside, "She found me when I was just in. "But the thief outside didn't believe him, so he said, "Let us two try to crawl into the house together. "At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house, too. The woman saw the mice and shouted, "In come two, catch them!" The two thieves were terribly frightened. The man in the house said, "You saw them come in but where are they? I will catch them tonight. "The two thieves started running away at once.
The two thieves waited to make it dear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house.
The man and the woman were ploughing in their fields. The rein (缰绳) broke and the woman came home for a rope. She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some. She picked out two which looked like mice. At the time the man couldn't wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up. The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man and said," How they look like the two of last night. "The man said, "I asked you to fetch a rope, why don't hurry for it? 'The two thieves ran away very quickly without their sweet potatoes.
1. The two thieves failed to steal anything from the house because___________.
A. they were found out
B. they were frightened by what they had heard in the house
C. they didn't work together well with each other
D. mice stopped them from doing so
答案：
2. From the last paragraph, we know that
A. the two thieves were famous selling sweet potatoes
B. the woman recognized the two thieves
C. the woman pretended to know nothing about the two thieves and made fun of them
D. the two thieves didn't know that they were not found at all
答案：
3. When the woman said, "How they look like the two of last
night! "
A. she referred to the two thieves
B. she meant nothing
C. she said it on purpose
D. she referred to the mice
答案：
4. "____________"is the best title for this passage.
A. Two Clever Thieves
B. Terrible Mice
C. Hit the MaA by a Fluke
D. A Clever Couple
答案：
5. Which of the following statements is false?
A. The two thieves not only failed to steal things but also losttheir sweet potatoes.
B. Whenever they found mice, the people in the house would try to catch them.
C. The two thieves ran away at once, because they thought the woman had seen them.
D. The man let the woman go home for a rope, which would
be used for catching the thieves.
答案：
Passage 8
Radioactivity is dangerous.
It may cause skin burns, it may destory good tissues(组织) and it may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren. In case of exposure (暴露) it may even cause death.
In the early days of radioactivity, scientists did not realize these dangers. Marie and Pierre Curie, after having worked for a while with radioactive materials, noticed that their fingers were reddened and swollen(红肿) and the skin was peeling off. Henry Becquerel carried a small tube with radium in it in his waistcoat pocket, and was surprised to find a bum on his chest. Other early workers also reported burns and harm of dif- ferent kinds.
The strange fact is that it can harm without musing pain, which is the waming signal we expect from harmfulness. Pain makes up pull back our hands from a fire or a hot object, but a person carrying radioactive materials had no way of telling whether he is touching something too "hot"for .safety. Besides, the "burns"or other harm- fulness that radioactivity produces may not appear for wceks. A person may have been hurt without knowing it for .some time.
1. Which is the topic .sentence for this passage?
A. Radioactivity may ever cause death.
B. Radioactivity does great harm to children.
C. Radioactivity may do harm to people without being known.
D. Radioactivity is dangerous.
答案：
2. A few people were mentioned in the passage They___________
A. were all famous scientists of great achievements
B. died of radioactivity
C. knew litde about radioactivity
D. did experiments on themselves to find the danger of radioactivity
答案：
3. According to the point of the passage, pain_________.
A. causes people to die
B. brings people suffering
C. is an important signal
D. is very much expected
答案：
4. The sentence in the third line of the second paragraph "the skin was peeling off"means
A. the skin was coining off
B. the skin was turning off
C. the skin was breaking away
D. the skin was fleeing
答案：
Passage 9
Students Pay to Change to Popular Majors
For most students in universities, 20,000 yuan is a big sum. But Xiao Wang paid the money soon after she learned that she could change to the popular Economics Department.
By paying 20,000 yuan with the help of her parents, Xiao Wang can study the economics major she prefers. "It is difficult for graduates in chemistry to find a good job in recent years." she said. Xiao Wang is only one of the many freshmen that pay to change to popular majors.
Many universities throughout China offer similar services. The charges for changing majors are from 5,000 yuan to 80,000 yuan, according to a recent re- port on the Yangzi Evening News. The fee(费用)is decided by university authorities based on the popularity of each major, the report said. The most popular majors include computer sci- ence, law, finance(金融), information engineering and for- eign languages. A saying popular among students may explain the phenomenon (现象). Studying a good major is much better than studying in a famous university.
Some educators warn students against rushing blindly to today' s popular majors. They may not be popular years later, the China Youth Daily said. But it seems that many students are career oriented(以职业为宗旨), instead of being interestbased.
Freshmen are allowed to change to other departments, according to roles of the Ministry of Education. But there are no official rules on the charges. In spite of the high charges, demands to change majors are still increasing. The paper said about 100 students in the English language department of a school in Harbin changed from other departments. The depart- ment planned to admit only 50 freshmen this year.
These charges have become a big income for some univer- sities, the paper said. It is expected a normal school in Harbin will get an income of 30 million yuan this year.
1. Xiao Wang would rather pay 20,000 yuan to change to the Economics Department because____________.
A. her parents have persuaded her to do so
B. she prefers to study the major
C. she can have a promising future
D. transferring to another major is very popular in university
答案：
2. The following are the most popular majors in China today except________.
A. law
B. computer
C. English
D. chemistry
答案：
3. The fees that freshmen hand in to change to a new major are
decided by___________
A. headmasters
B. the Ministry of Education
C. university authorities
D. the China Youth Daily
答案：
4. The writer wrote the passage to_________.
A. enoourage students to change to popular majors
B. expect universities to charge less money for changing majors
C. tell us a new phenomenon in universities
D. warn the students to be careful if they want to change majors
答案：
Passage 10
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you' re "hot". That' s true. The time of the day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it brads to such familar monologues as "Get up, John! You'll be late for work a gain! "The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realise what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help. Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you' re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your eyery, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Aviod the trouble- some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your shaper hours.
1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably_________.
A. he is a lazy person
B. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C. he is not sure when his energy is low
D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
答案：
2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A. Unwareness of energy cycles.
B. Familiar monologues.
C. A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
答案：
3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should___________.
A. change his energy cycle
B. overcome his laziness
C. get up earlier than usual
D. go to bed earlier
答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：
2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Remote Controls
B. Hearing Aids
C. Robot Legs
D. Supersuits
答案：
3. Which of the following statements shows the difference between robots and wearable robotics?
A. Toy cars or planes can respond to buttons you push on a remote control.
B. Robots can receive information through a wire.
C. Some day supercharged clothes will be able to wrap around
your body.
D. Some day your robot-powered shoes will be able to report back as well as you give them orders.
答案：
4. From the passage, we can infer thatv_________.
A. it will be 10 years before robotic devices are in use
B. the wearable robotics technology is quite mature in
some areas
C. the robots in the robotic devices will do whatever you want to do
D. people must become lazier and less healthy in the future
答案：
Passage 15
Without most people realizing it, there has been revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large rich companies that could af ford the investment.
With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market which are capableof doing the work which used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processor system, or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as retyping letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager's point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.
But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). The ease of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.
Whatever the arguments for and against word processors, they are a key feature of this revolution in office practice.
1. Ten years ago, large computers were only used by large companies because_________.
A. small companies did not have enough money to buy such expensive computers
B. large computers could not do the work that small compa
nies can do today
C. large computers did not come onto the market
D. small companies did not need to use this new technology
答案：
2. According to the writer, the main progress made in office
work over the last ten years is _________.
A. the saving of time and money
B. the use of computers in big companies
C. the wide use of word processors
D. the decreasing number of secretaries
答案
3. We can infer from the passage that with the use of word processors,_________.
A. some secretaries will lose their jobs
B. all jobs can be done automatically outside office hours
C. medical problems related to work with a VDU must have increased
D. the British companies will make less money
答案：
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a
word processor.
B. The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.
C. The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.
D. Using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.
答案：
Passage 16
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a hurt brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives only three to five minutes. Sometimes the hurt brain gets better by itself. More often the doctors can't fix the hurt.
Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help. It is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctor might make the person worse if he works on the brain.
Dr Robert J.
White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should try to make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctors a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys' blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood.
Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys' brains. When the brain temperature was 50 degrees, Dr White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back He warmed the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were like they were before.
They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
Dr White's idea works well on the monkeys. Are there other problems with human beings? Dr White thinks doctors will use his idea on human beings. He thinks it will help people who have heart problems, too. A person doesn't have to die when his heart stops. Doctors can start it again. The problems come when the brain is without blood for three to five minutes, the person has a living body, but a dead brain. Maybe in the future, doctors will try Dr White'.s ide~ When the person's heart stops, the doctors will quickly trY to cool the brain. They will have 30 minutes to start the heart again. Maybe there will be no problem with the brain.
1. People probably die when_________.
A. their brain dies
B. their heart stops
C. they stop breathing
D. their brain becomes very hot
答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：B.
3. Under the window there is a_______.
A. painting of seventeenth-century Southwark
B. wooden picture
C. carved figure
D. grave of Shakespeare's brother
答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：答案：
Passage 3
On May 13,1787, a fleet of English ships set sail for Aus tralia with about 750 people. These men and women were not ordinary passengers, They were convicts being sent to Austial ia as punishment for their crimes.
Laws in England during this period were very hard, and
people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes. A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another man's
property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone else's tree. For many other crimes, the punishment was
"transportation". The guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay. Often women
and children were shipped to other lands too.
In 1770, Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England. At first, England found
no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the American Revolution took place. England could no longer ship her convicts to the American colonies (殖民地). So
she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners.
A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony. His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern. The captain was glad to go.
He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace. He felt they would obey the laws in the new country.
In January 1788, the English fleet and its cargo--the convicts landed on Australia. After days of searching, the captain found a good harbor. The land nearby had trees and streams. The convict colony made a new beginning here. Australia's history thus began.
1. The article tells us mainly about___________.
A. a fleet of English ships
B. hunting on other people's property
C. a convict settlement in Australia
D. how Australia was discovered
答案：
2. The underlined word "convict'(in Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.
A. a person who lost his family
B. a person who has done crimes and is sent to prison
C. a native living in the area
D. a person who is sentenced to death
答案：B.
3. Why did England send convicts to Australia?
A. It wanted to make Captain Cook happy about Australia.
B. It wanted convicts to find a good harbor and good land.
C. It could not feed its overpopulation.
D. It could no longer send convicts to America.
答案：
4. Which statement seems true according to the passage?
A. Former naval captains always started new colonies.
B. The American Revolution had something to do with the convicts.
C. A great country may grow from a small colony.
D. Convicts are not easy to be governed.
答案：
Passage 4
You would like to take good photographs of real-life situations but you have few ideas for pictures. I suggest you look a- round you. The everyday world is full of scenes being played by an ever-changing group of actors. You probably passed a dozen picture situations without noticing on your way to work this morning.
The realistic approach (态度) to photograph has been perfected in the past by such masters as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Bill Brand. But while you can learn a great deal from looking at the works of others, any success you can hope to achieve in this field has to come from developing an individual approach.
The main requirement for any photographer has little to do with technical matters. You must develop an awareness (观察) of the world around you and the people who live in it, and you should learn to notice when a situation may develop to a point where you will be able to take a good picture. Those who have reached this happy state will be prepared when that moment comes, and will simply raise their camera quickly and shoot. Others who are not so aware will be struggling with the camera cases and lens (镜头) caps.
Film manufactures must be delighted at the'thought of the inexperienced photographer setting out in search of the right situation and the right moment. Many miles of costly material have passed through thousands of cameras as this endless search continues. But although this waste must be put down to inexperience, you'll find that even the professionals have to use a lot of film when they are out shooting.
Not every shot is going to be a winner. If you look at the works of even the best photographers, you'll notice dozens of pictures have had to be taken only because they lead up to the successful shot of a situation that the photographer has obviously been observing through the lens. You may find that you have taken one or two pictures after the right moment has pas- sed as well There is seldom more than one shot which stands out. There is just one point where it all comes together, and often you have to waste film to catch that precious moment.
1. According to the passage, one can become a better real-life photographer by________.
A. watching the photographers at work
B. learning about famous photographers
C. just taking a great many photographs
D. developing skills and ideas for yourself
答案：答案：答案：答案：e
It’s causes are rooted in the freedom and changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that________.
A. the generation gap suddenly appeared
B. the generation gap is a feature of modern social life
C. people can reduce the generation gap
D. many critics argue over the nature of the generation gap
答案：
2. The word "around'in Paragraph I means________.
A. on all sides
B. near
C. in every direction
D. in existence
答案：
3. Which cause of the generation gap is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Young people like to choose their own life styles.
B. American society is changing very fast.
C. Parents place high hopes on their children.
D. Modern education makes them think differently.
答案：答案：答案：
答案：
3. By adding a prefix of a suffix to a root, we can get a word which has________.
A. the meaning of a Latin word
B. a different meaning
C. the meanings of "in"or "out of"
D. a lot of meanings
答案：答案：答案：答案：
2. A small medical school in New York accepted Elizabeth because________.
A. she asked to be aeeepted many times
B. she was good at telling funny jokes
C. the school didn't take the matter seriously(严肃认真对待这件事)
D. the teachers and pupils wanted to have a try
答案：
3. Some time later, no one in the school laughed at her because________.
A. she did an experiment to prove that she was quite right
B. she stopped telling jokes and began to work hard
C. they thought she was wrong to study medicine
D. Elizabeth proved to be a success as a medical student
答案：
4. Elizabeth began to help treat sick poor people_________.
A. as soon as she graduated from the medical school
B. when she was still a medical student at that school
C. when the weather was very hot in the summer
D. as she found out that she had much more to learn
答案：
5. Choose the best title for the passage from among the following.
A. The First Woman Doctor in the USA
B. Elizabeth Became a Doctor after Years of Hard Work
C. Elizabeth --Pioneer in the Study of Medicine in America
D. Women Should Have the Same Chance to Work as Men
答案：
Passage 8
NEW ZEALAND WEATHER CHART
Temperatures and Rainfall for Summer and Winter
1. The maximum temperature in Wellington in winter is about_________.
A. 12℃
B. 14℃
C. 15℃
D. 19℃
答案：
2. The city whose temperature varies (变化) from about 4℃ to 11'C in winter is_______.
A. Auckland
B. Wellington
C. Christchurch
D. Queenstown
答案：
3. The cities whose rainfall varies LEAST from summer to winter are_______.
A. Queenstown and Auckland
B. Auckland and Wellington
C. Wellington and Christchurch
D. Christchurch and Queenstown
答案：
4. From summer to winter the greatest difference between the
maximum and minimum temperature is experienced in_______.
A. Auckland
B. Wellington
C. Christchurch
D. Queenstown
答案：答案：答案：
2. Which of the following does the dolphin use to help it find its way around?_______.
A. Its nose.
B. Its ears.
C. Its mouth.
D. Its eyes.
答案：答案：
答案：
Passage 10
Allan goes everywhere with Birgitta Anderson, a 54-year-old secretary. He moves around her office at work and goes shopping with her. "Most people don't seem to mind Allan," says Birgitta, who thinks he is wonderful. "He's my fourth child,"she says. She may think of him and treat him that way, buying his food, paying his health bills and his taxes, but in fact Allan is a dog.
Birgitta and Allan live in Sweden, a country where everyone is expected to lead an orderly life according to rules laid down by the government, which also provides (提供) a high
level of care for its people. This level of care costs money.
People in Sweden pay taxes on everything, so aren't surprised to find that owning a dog means yet more taxes. Some people are paying as much as 500 Swedish kronor in taxes a
year for the right to keep their dog, money that is spent by the government on dog hospitals and sometimes medical treatment
for a dog that fall sill. However, most such treatment is expen sive, so owners often decide to pay health and even life insurance (保险) for their dog.
In Sweden dog owners must pay for any damage (损坏)
their dog does. A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a
passing car, you, as the owner, have to pay for any damage
done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident.
1. Birgitta pays taxes for Allan because _________.
A. he is her dog
B. he is her child
C. he follows her everywhere
D. he often falls ill
答案：答案：ll．”
3. If a dog causes a car accident and gets killed, who should pay for the damage done to the car?_______.
A. The owner of the car.
B. The owner of the dog.
C. The insurance company (公司).
D. The government.
答案：答案：“
"You saw her, Mum?"
"Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she
will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush."
1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was_______.
A. to clean the floor
B. to please the nurse
C. to see a patient
D. to surprise the story-teller
答案：答案：答案：
5. Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A. strange
B. warm-hearted
C. clever
D. hard-working
答案：
Passage 12
The United States. Fliers may want to have their tickets in hand before catching their planes, but the airline companies are doing everything they can to bring forward cost-saving ticketless flight -- nopaper needed, just a ticket number and a photo ID (带照片的身份证). Anyone who buys a Northwest E-ticket through the airline's computer service by June 16 will get an a- ward (奖励). Next time you fly, you can buy another ticket for a friend for $
99, going anywhere in the US or Canada through Feb. 12, 2000, along with the lowest ticket prices. Some airlines offer extra frequent flier miles for the ticketless crowd. And there are rising punishments for paper lovers. Arnerican, Northwest, United, and last week, US Airways have raised the cost for lost-ticket replacement (替换) to $ 70 from either $ 60 or $ 50. The airlines insist that the increase in price is not meant to push travelers toward E-tickets but onlyi eovers the increasing cost of replacing and tracking a missing ticket.
1.Why is the new ticketless flight introduced?
A. It is cheaper for air travelers.
B. It helps reduce the cost for airlines.
C. It can use computer to plan air traveling.
D. It helps prevent fliers from losing their tickets.
答案：
2.To encourage people to take ticketless flights, the airlines________.
A. sell their tickets for $ 99 from June to February the following year
B. let travelers go to both the US and Canada with the same tickets
C. allow each traveler to have an extra $ 99 ticket for a friend of theirs
D. offer ticket[ess travelers free miles to fly in the US
答案：
3.Who are the paper lovers mentioned in the,text?
A. People who like to have paper airplane tickets.
B. People who love paper products of various kinds.
C. People who travel with paper on a plane.
D. People who have lost their ticket and buy a second one.
答案：A
指导：这里的paperlovers指喜欢持票乘机的人。
4. The airline companies say that they have raised the lost-ticket
replacement price in order to ________.
A. attract travelers to take tieketless flights
B. punish those who insist on using paper tickets
C. do better than other airline companies
D. pay for the work to deal with lost tickets
答案：
passage 13
Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practising until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practises until he can play quickly, correctly, without thinking. Tennis players call that "being in the zone". Educators call it "automatieity (自动)".
A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and get the meanings of the words. With practice, he speaks with fewer and fewer pauses and mistakes, reading by the phrase. With automatieity, he doesn't have to think about getting the meaning of the words, so he can pay attention to the meaning of the text.
It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found autonfatic readers in the first grade who were reading almost three times as fast as the other children and scoring twice as high on comprehension tests. At fifth grade, the automatic readers were reading twice as fast as the others, and still outscoring them on correctness, comprehension, and vocabulary. "It's not L Q ,but the amount of time a child spends reading that is the key to automaticity, "according to Rossman, any child who spends at least 3. 5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will most probably reach automaticity. At home, where the average child spends 25 hours a week watching television, it can happen by turning off the set just one night in favour of reading.
You can test your child by giving him one paragraph or two to read aloud something unfamiliar but suitable to his age. If he reads aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, he probably is an automatic reader.
If he reads hesitatingly, one word at a time without expression or meaning, he needs more practice.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is________.
A. what is automaticity
B. how correctness is obtained
C. how 'a child learns to walk
D. how an athlete is trained
答案：
2. The Illinois study shows that the automatic reader's high
speed ________.
A. costs him a lot of work
B. affects his comprehension
C. leads to his future success
D. doesn't affect his comprehension
答案：
3. From the passage, it can be inferred that a bright child
A. also needs practice to be automatic reader
B. always achieves great success in comprehension tests
C. becomes an automatic reader after learning how to read
D. is a born automatic reader
答案：
4. The main idea of the whole passage is ________.
A. how to score high on comprehension tests
B. reading is the key to school success
C. how to test your child's reading ability
D. automaticity is important for efficient reading
答案：
Passage 14
There was great excitement at Thorby police station. The Inspector had received a phone call froman informer(通报者). The man said that a gang (帮，伙) intended to rob the main post office. He even told the Inspector the date and time for which the robbery was planned. The Thorhy police were not used to serious crimes (罪). Except for occasional cases of ap- ple stealing, their peace was seldom disturbed. Hardly did anything more serious happen.
The robbery was going to take place at two o'clock on market day. The informer said that one of the gang would have a revolver. This worded the Inspector most of all. On market days, the street near the post office was always crowded. There was danger that someone might be killed. It was the most difficult case the Inspector had ever had.
The Inspector wanted to make sure the gang was caught and he made preparation carefully. He ordered .his men to wear ordinary clothes so that some of them could mix with the people in the post office. Others were to be in the street outside to prevent the gang from escaping. On the day that the robbery was to take place, all was ready. At two o'clock, a large black car was parked in front of the post office. Three men, with handkerchiefs over their faces, jumped out and ran into the post office. Two of them stayed by the door. The third went up to the counter and pulled out a revolver. No sooner had he done this than the Inspector blew his whistle. The man standing at the counter immediately put the revolver back in his pocket and pulled the handkerchief from his face. "Could I have a five-penny stamp, please?'he said. "You will have to tell a better story than that to the Judge, "She Inspector said. "And anyway, there is no parking in front of the post office. ”
1. From the story, we may conclude that the Inspector was a
very ________man.
A. funny and careful
B. humorous and careful
C. exciting and hardworking
D. strict and serious
答案：答案：
答案：
Passage 15
We find that bright children are seldom held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary (相反), both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (近能力分班) pupils. It does not consider the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be the bottom of the top grade.
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We care much about the development of all the pupils' abilities to the full, not just their study ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching does good to ill these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the chance to learn to work together, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze (分析) and evaluate (评价) and to communicate effectively.
The pupils learn from each other as well as from theteacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual (个人的) tasks, and they can do this at heir own speed They also have some formal class teaching when this is proper. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do his well An advanced pupil can do advanced work and it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every enouragement to achieve this goal.
1. By "held back"(Line 1) the writer means"________".
A. made to remain in the same class
B. forced to study in the lower class
C. drawn away from their studies
D. prevented from advancing
答案：
2. The writer argues that what a teacher mainly cares about should be the development of the student's________.
A. personal qualities and social skills
B. total personality
C. learning ability and communicative skills
D. intellectual ability
答案：
3. The writer's purpose of writing this passage is to________.
A. argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
B. advise pair work and group work for classroom activity
C. offer advice on the proper use of the library
D. tell us the importance of proper formal classroom teaching
答案：
4. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Pair work.
B. Group work.
C. Mixed-ability.
D. Individual tasks.
答案：
Passage 16
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of the day when you feel most energetic is when you cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!"The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-an&energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realise what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help. Dr. Kleitman believe~ May- be you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night be- fore. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably________.
A. he is a lazy person
B. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C. he is not sure when his energy is low
D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
答案：
2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A. Unwareness of energy cycles.
B. Familiar monologues.
C. A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D. Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
答案：
3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should________.
A. change his energy cycle
B. overcome his laziness
C. get up earlier than usual
D. go to bed earlier
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