2016届牛津英语第二轮复习课件 信息的表述

　　104. in public

　　— publically公开地 105. take pride in —

　　be proud of 以……为自豪 106. set free —

　　release释放 107. look like —

　　resemble像 108. stand for —

　　represent代表 109. seek

　　— search

　　— search for

　　—

　　hunt for

　　—

　　look for寻找， 搜寻 110. all of a sudden

　　— all at once

　　— suddenly突然地 111. put up with — tolerate

　　— stand

　　— bear忍受 112. put on weight

　　— gain weight长胖 113. speak in a low voice

　　— whisper低语

　　二、注意表述的概括性

　　概括性是英语阅读填空所考查的重点，要求对阅读信息具有较强的综合归纳能力。在解答这类题时，要找出共性，根据标题词的特点表达，平时注意积累典型的概括性词汇及其常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。 阅读填空的概括性词汇分类归纳 表原因： reason (for), cause (of) 目的： purpose, aim, destination(目的地), goal, target 种类： kind of, type of, sort of, variety of, category of, style(风格) 方式： means, way, method 方位： location, position 建议： advice, suggestion, recommendation, tip 观点： attitude, idea, opinion, aspect, concern 用途(功能): usage, function 变化，趋势： trend, development, raise, increase, decrease, change, spreading 描述： description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape 来源，历史： history, source, origin, root 影响，结果： effect, influence, result, consequence 措施，行动： measure, action, activity 益处，不利： benefit, advantage, convenience, disadvantage 概括，总结： summary, conclusion 主题： topic, theme, main idea, subject 特点： feature, characteristic 评论： comment, remark, assessment 问题： problem, question, issue 需求： demand, need, requirement 内容，项目： content, item 事实，细节： fact, detail 信息： information 情绪，感觉： feeling, emotion 物质，材料： substance, material 步骤： beginning, ending, step, procedure, process 比例： rate (比例，速度), percentage 天气，气候： weather, climate 灾难，事故： disaster, accident, threat 关系： relation, relationship 不同： difference, diversity 交通： traffic, transportation 时间，年代，年龄： date, time, age 性别： sex

　　国籍： nationality 质量，数量： quality, quantity, number 速度： speed 事件： incident, event 反应： response 实践： practice 定义： definition 产品： product

　　防止： prevention, precaution 程度： degree 相同，不同： similarity, difference 信仰： belief 答案： solution, answer 人口： population 资源： resource 职位： position 职业： work, job, occupation, profession 设备： equipment 任务： task 组织者：organizer, sponsor 参加者：participant 种族： race, peoples

　　三、注意表述的对称性

　　对称性是英语阅读填空的又一要求。考生必须对试题所在表格中的上下、左右进行研究，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，如名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语及特殊符号等都应该保持一致。

　　四、注意表达的正确性

　　正确表达是英语阅读填空的基本要求。考生在找出相关信息后，必须仔细研究，作出正确的表达。务必要避免时态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出现拼写、标点符号等错误。

　　感谢您的关注 Thank you for your attention ! 第24讲

　　信息的表述

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　　本文着重讲述了美国的政府特许学校(charter school)的相关情况：它的定义、与传统学校对比之异同以及存在的问题等。

　　71. Charter schools　直接题。综合全文可以得出。 思路点拨

　　72. Definition / Meaning　概括题。 思路点拨

　　73. Receiving tax money　改写题。根据第三段“It receives tax money to operate a number of students.”可得出。 思路点拨

　　74. agreement (or charter)　直接题。根据第三段“These governments provide the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.”可判断。 思路点拨

　　75. Differences　概括题。对比上面similarities可得。 思路点拨

　　76. teaching contents　改写题。根据第四段“Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach.”可判断。 思路点拨

　　77. how to reach / ways to reach / ways of reaching　改写题。根据第五段 “Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach those goals.”可判断。 思路点拨

　　78. fewer　改写题。根据第五段 “Class sizes are usually smaller than in many traditional public schools.” 可判断。 思路点拨

　　79．traditional public schools　直接题。由倒数第二段“They say these schools may receive money badly needed by traditional public schools.”可判断。 思路点拨

　　80. (needed) space　直接题。根据最后一段 “Many also lack needed space.”可判断。 思路点拨

　　理解是前提，而表述是目的和归宿。要正确、有效地表述信息要注意以下几点：

　　一、注意文字的简洁性

　　有以下几个规律可循：

　　(1)用名词所有格形式“'s”代替介词of。

　　(2)词性转换。

　　(3)句子结构转换。主要通过加工压缩信息抓住要点。言简意赅， 击中要害。因此怎样加工压缩信息就成了广大考生必备的一种技能。 阅读填空题要掌握以下几种技能：

　　①词形转换的能力。主要是看其前后的动词形式再作确认。如果前后都是动词原形那就不变；如果前后是v.­ing形式， 那就要随其变形。

　　②删减多余词汇的能力。一般主要是删去不影响主要意思表达的修饰词汇。如形容词、副词、冠词等等。

　　③以群体代替个体。如有的将a/an ＋n.变为其对应的复数形式。

　　④原意改换能力。可以用同义或近义词代替；或用反义词或派生词改换；或用从句改写；或用意思接近的名词短语代替原句较长的句子。 同义、近义词归纳 1. run out (of) — lack — use up — give out 用光， 用尽 2. take place of — replace代替， 替代 3. no matter what — whatever不管什么 4. international — worldwide — global — universal — throughout the world

　　— all over the world全世界 5. come into being

　　— come into existence — appear形成， 源于 6. in the countryside — in rural areas在乡下 in the city — in urban areas在城里 7. besides — as well as — what's more — apart from — in addition而且， 除了 8. split — break sth. apart

　　—

　　destroy

　　— damage撕裂， 毁坏 9. come out

　　—

　　publish出版， 发行 10. remove — get rid of拆除， 移走 11. immediately

　　— directly — instantly — secondly — the moment — the minute — upon/on doing —

　　as soon as一……就…… 12. solutions to do sth. —

　　ways to do sth./ways of doing sth. — approaches to do sth.做某事的方法 13. every year

　　— yearly —

　　annual每年， 年年 14. make sb. have the ability to do sth.

　　— enable sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事 15. a growing number — an increasing number越来越多 16. work out a plan — make a plan 制订计划 17. like sth. better — prefer更喜欢 18. make sth. better — improve使某物变好 19. take the advantage of — make full / good use of 充分利用 20. be aware of — know — realize — become conscious of知道， 意识到 21. believe in — trust — have faith/trust in相信， 信任 22. give up — abandon — stop — quit放弃 23. go to a foreign country — go abroad出国 24. be not present at — be absent from缺席 25. be present at — attend出席， 参加 26. take in

　　— absorb吸收 27. speed up —

　　quicken —

　　accelerate加速 28. occasionally —

　　accidentally — incidentally — once in a while偶尔 29. accomplish—complete — get through完成 30. because of — due to — on account of — owing to — thanks to因为，由于 31. occupy — account for

　　— make up构成， 占 32. accuse of

　　— charge with控告 33. look up to

　　— admire — show respect for钦佩，仰慕 34. grown­up

　　— adult成人(的) 35. move forward — advance前进 36. have an effect/influence on — affect影响 37. later on

　　— afterwards 之后 38. be afraid of — be scared of — be terrified at — fear — be frightened 害怕 39. disapprove of — oppose — object to — disagree to — be against反对 40. by oneself

　　— alone 独自地 41. lose one's temper — get angry/annoyed发怒 42. make sth. known to the public — announce — declare宣布 43. reply to

　　— answer — make response to

　　— react to回答 44. be anxious about — be concerned about —

　　be worried about担心 45. make an apology to — say sorry to — apologize道歉 46. appeal to — interest — attract吸引 47. give birth to — bear生育 48. cause trouble to

　　— bother — disturb打扰， 妨碍 49. have the courage to — be brave to有勇气， 勇敢 50. refuse to accept — boycott拒绝接受 51. out of breath — breathless上气不接下气 52. figure out

　　— calculate计算 53. call off — cancel取消 54. hold a celebration — celebrate — in celebration of — observe庆祝 55. one hundred years — century世纪 56. run after — chase追赶 57. mix sth. up — combine with混合 58. at ease

　　— comfortable 舒适， 放松 59. make up for — compensate弥补 60. take part in

　　— compete in — participate in — join in

　　— attend参加 61. draw a conclusion

　　— conclude作结论 62. carry out — conduct — perform实施 63. contribute to

　　— lead to — result in造成， 导致 64. be convinced of

　　— believe信服， 相信 65. be important —count — matter重要 66. rely on

　　— count on — depend on依赖， 依靠 67. at risk

　　— in danger处于危险中 68. know nothing about — in the dark一无所知 69. turn a deaf ear to — refuse to listen to充耳不闻 70. deal with — handle — cope with

　　— do with处理， 对付 71. ten years

　　— decade 十年 72. make up one's mind —

　　decide to do —

　　determine to — be determined to下定决心 73. win over

　　— defeat击败 74. delay — put off — postpone推迟 75. on purpose —

　　deliberately — by design故意 76. give a description of

　　— describe描述 77. in spite of — despite尽管 78. be worthy of — deserve值得 79. be different from — differ from与……不同 80. on display — on show —

　　on exhibition展览 81. be drunk with — be bent on — be addicted to —

　　be crazy about沉溺于， 着迷 82. run away — escape逃跑 83. earn a living — make a living谋生 84. employ — adopt — use — take on采用 85. full of energy — energetic 精力充沛的 86. would like to do sth. — enjoy doing sth. — feel like doing sth. — be fond of doing sth.想要做某事 87. make sure

　　— ensure确保 88. at last — eventually最后， 终于 89. here and there —

　　everywhere到处， 处处 90. work out —

　　exercise锻炼 91. as a matter of fact — in fact/effect — actually事实上 92. make fun of

　　— laugh at

　　— play tricks/jokes on — make a fool of嘲笑，捉弄 93. grasp

　　— take hold of —

　　catch hold of抓住 94. body language —

　　gesture肢体语言 95. go hungry

　　— starve挨饿 96. pay no attention to —

　　ignore —

　　overlook — take no notice of不关注 97. at a loss

　　— feel puzzled at —

　　be confused at不知所措 98. go with —

　　match相配 99. keep up —

　　maintain保持 100. at the same time

　　— meanwhile同时 101. take place — occur发生 102. be well received

　　— popular受欢迎 103. take the possession of

　　— own —

　　possess拥有