2016年高考英语总复习：6-4《Unit 4 Helping people around the world》课件（牛津译林版）

　　Unit 4　Helping people around the world

　　Ⅳ.课本链接（根据课文信息填空）

　　Ⅰ.单词拓展

　　1．________ n. 增加；添加

　　2．________ adj.

　　平等的，同等的

　　3．________ adj.

　　志愿的；自愿的

　　4．________vt.& vi.

　　捐赠，捐献

　　5．________vt.

　　获得；够得；得到

　　自我诊断：

　　1.addition　2.equal　3.voluntary　4.contribute 　5.acquire

　　6．________vt.&vi.

　　扩展，扩大；发展，增强

　　7．________adj.

　　重要的；值得(花时间、金钱、努力等)的

　　8．________adj.

　　紧急的，紧迫的

　　9．________n.

　　饿死，挨饿

　　10．________vt.&vi.

　　煮沸，沸腾

　　自我诊断：

　　6.expand 　7.worthwhile 　8.urgent 　9.starvation 　10.boil

　　11．________n.

　　地毯

　　12．________n.

　　(羊等的)绒，毛；毛线，绒线

　　13．________vt.

　　售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来

　　14.________vt.& vi. & n.

　　　输出，出口

　　15．________adj. & n.

　　可供替代的；可供选择的事物

　　自我诊断：

　　11.carpet 　12.wool 　13.fetch 　14.export 　15.alternative

　　16．________adj.

　　偏远的，偏僻的

　　17．________n.

　　慈善，施舍

　　18．________ n.

　　人群

　　19．________ vt.

　　提醒，使想起

　　20．________n.

　　全体员工

　　自我诊断：

　　16.remote 　17.charity 　18.crowd　19.remind　20.staff 　

　　21．________n.

　　障碍

　　22．________n.

　　口译译员，口译者

　　23．________n.

　　角度

　　自我诊断：

　　21.barrier 　22.interpreter 　23.angle

　　Ⅱ.短语记忆

　　1．__________________　帮助，协助；援助，救助

　　2．__________________

　　在困难时，在贫困之中

　　3．__________________

　　谈及，提到；指称；查阅，参考

　　4．__________________

　　吸引某人的注意

　　5．__________________

　　建立，成立；搭起，建起

　　自我诊断：

　　1.help with　2.in need　3.refer to　4.draw someone's attention to　5.set up

　　6．__________________

　　牵涉在内的，卷入……的，与……有关的

　　7．__________________

　　在……的帮助下

　　8．__________________

　　加之，除了

　　9．__________________

　　在……的保护下，在……的管理下

　　10．__________________

　　处于混乱状态

　　自我诊断：

　　6.be involved in　7.with the help of　8.in addition　9.under the umbrella of 　10.in chaos

　　11．__________________

　　小心，当心

　　12．__________________

　　得到；抓住

　　13．__________________

　　让某人想起……，提醒某人……

　　14．__________________

　　回想

　　15．__________________

　　产生变化，发生改变

　　自我诊断：

　　11.look out 　12.get hold of　13.remind sb of　14.think back to　15.make a difference

　　Ⅲ.句型搜索

　　1．In some areas ________ there have been wars，special soldiers help keep the peace.

　　在有战争的地区，特种部队帮助维持治安。

　　2．I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，______________________.

　　我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN——这个名称更为常用。

　　自我诊断：

　　1.where　2.as it is more often referred to

　　3．I am very happy to ________ to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.

　　我很高兴入选为联合国的一名亲善大使。

　　4．Now let me tell you about the work I _________________.现在让我告诉你们我和他们一直在做的工作。

　　5．__________ did I.

　　我也不(知道)。

　　自我诊断：

　　3.have been chosen　4.have been doing with them　5.Neither

　　6．One of the major problems ______ the children living in this remote mountainous area ________poverty.

　　居住在偏远山区的孩子们所面临的主要问题之一是贫穷。

　　7．Arrived here to find everything ____________.

　　来到这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。

　　8．The water makes ______ difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for bacteria ________.

　　这里的水使伤口难以愈合，也容易传播疾病。

　　自我诊断：

　　6.facing　is 　7.was in chaos　8.it　to spread

　　The UN —bringing everyone closer together

　　About the UN Its foundation It was 1.______in October 1945 by 51 countries，now 2._____of 191 countries.

　　Its main3.______ To 4.______international peace，to develop friendly relationships，to 5.______in solving international problems...

　　About the UN Its army It borrows 6.______from

　　different cou

　　ntries 7.________to the UN

　　Its function It helps to deal with other problems8.___

　　_____the urgent ones，helping those countries which 9.________education and food

　　，or 10.________from disasters and disease.

　　About the writer Her role A Goodwill Ambassador

　　Her job Her job，which is not paid but 11.____，is to visit the poor countries,12._____local people's attention to the situation.

　　Her 13. ______ In south Africa，she 14.________some women who formed a group to aid them selves with the help of UNIFEM.

　　Her feelings She felt it a great 15.________to take on the role.

　　自我诊断：

　　1.founded　2.consisting　3.purposes　4.keep　5.co­operate　6.soldiers　7.belonging　8.besides　9.lack 10．suffer　11.voluntary　12.drawing　13.experience　14.visited　15.honour

　　第一板块　词汇精讲

　　1．refer to

　　【教材原句】I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.

　　我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。

　　(1)谈及，提到，说起。为及物短语动词。

　　refer to sb./sth.as sth.称……为……

　　She always referred to Ben as “that nice man”．

　　她总是称Ben为“那个好人”。

　　I promised not to refer to this matter again.

　　我承诺再也不提这件事了。

　　(2)与……相关，涉及，描述。

　　The star refers to items intended for advanced learners.

　　标星号的项目是为高阶学习者设计的。

　　This paragraph refers to the events of last year.

　　这一段说的是去年发生的事。

　　(3)查阅，参考

　　You may refer to your notes if necessary.

　　如有必要你可以查阅你的笔记。

　　He was punished for referring to the dictionary during the exam.他因在考试中查阅词典而被处罚了。

　　易混辨析

　　lool up 的宾语是要查找的内容，而refer to 的宾语是查阅过程中使用的工具书、资料等。

　　I met with John yesterday.We had a nice chat.During the chat he referred to a newly­published book which refers to the present economy situation.He said there are lots of economic terms in the book and that I need refer to a special dictionary if I really want to understand them.昨天我遇到了John。我们聊得很愉快。聊天过程中他提到了一本新发行的书，这本书讲的是当前的经济形势。他说书中有很多经济术语，要是我真想理解这些术语，我得查阅一部特殊的词典。

　　2．in addition除……之外(还)，此外

　　【教材原句】In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw people's attention to the situation.

　　此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国项目的人，吸引当地人对有关状况的关注。

　　归纳拓展

　　in addition 除……之外(还)，此外→副词性短语

　　in addition to 除……之外(还有)→短语介词

　　I don't like its style.In addition，I don't have enough money.我不喜欢它的风格，另外，我也没有足够的钱。

　　In addition to these arrangements，extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.

　　除了这些安排之外，另增的救护车会值班到深夜。

　　“除了……”词语集锦：

　　in addition to 除……之外(还有)

　　besides 除了……之外(还有)

　　except 除了……之外(别无)

　　apart from 除了……之外(还有)；除了……之外(别无)

　　3．draw someone's attention to 使(某人)察觉到；引起某人注意……，其中to 为介词。

　　【教材原句】The picture drew his attention to the new product.

　　那张照片引起了他对那一新产品的注意。

　　归纳拓展

　　attention 的搭配汇总：

　　pay attention to 注意……

　　give close attention to密切关注……

　　draw/attract/catch/call one's attention 引起某人注意……

　　draw sb.'s attention to 引起某人注意……

　　draw sb.'s attention from 转移某人对……的注意力

　　centre/concentrate/fix/focus one's attention on 把注意力集中于……

　　bring sth. to sb.'s attention 使某人注意某事

　　An article in the newspaper caught my attention.

　　报纸上的一篇文章引起了我的注意。

　　Please pay attention to what I am saying.

　　请注意听我讲话。

　　She tried to attract the waiter's attention.

　　她试图引起服务员的注意。

　　4．equal

　　【教材原句】．..for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.

　　……如有关童工的法律，有关少数民族和妇女平等权利的法律。

　　(1)adj.(地位、权利等)平等的，同等的；(大小、数量、价值等)相等的；(能力、勇气等)能应付的，能胜任的。

　　Not all men are equal in ability.人的能力并不都是一样的。

　　Bill is equal to the challenge.比尔有能力应付这一挑战。

　　(2)n.同等的人；对手；相等物。

　　without equal/have no equal无与伦比

　　He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。

　　She treats the people who work for her as her

　　equals.她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。

　　Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.我们的汽车可与世界上任何地方生产的汽车媲美。

　　(3)vt.与……相同或相等；等于；比得上。

　　Four plus four equals eight.四加四等于八。

　　None of us can equal her in intelligence.我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。

　　My uncle believes that all men are born equal.But traveling around the world，he finds that in some countries，what is called equality doesn't really mean equal rights for all people.我叔叔认为所有人生来都是平等的。但环游世界之后，他发现，在一些国家，所谓的平等并不是真的意味着所有人都拥有平等的权利。

　　5．means n．手段，方法，途径。是一个单复数同形的名词。

　　【教材原句】Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages——no one has the

　　means to pay them.

　　卫生条件是有限的，由于在村子里既没有医生也没有护士——没有人有付给医生和护士工钱的方式。

　　归纳拓展

　　means of (doing) sth.(做)……的方法/方式

　　by all means 当然可以(常用作交际用语)

　　by means of 借助……方法

　　by no means绝不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子要部分倒装)

　　by some means or other 想尽办法

　　Television is an effective means of communication.

　　电视是种有效的通信手段。

　　She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.

　　她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。

　　易混辨析

　　means/way/method/approach

　　这四个词都表示“方法”，但使用场合和搭配不尽相同：

　　习惯搭配

　　6．break down

　　【教材原句】I however，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.

　　然而，如果水泵坏了，修理水泵就麻烦了。工程师必须从最近的城市过来修理。

　　(1)出故障，抛锚；(身体)垮掉

　　The lift broke down，so we had to go up the stairs.

　　电梯坏了，我们只好走楼梯上去。

　　Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

　　工作的压力使她的身体垮掉了。

　　(2)(使)分解，划分

　　Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.

　　糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。

　　Each lesson is broken down into several parts.

　　每一课都分成了几个部分。

　　(3)(计划、谈判等)失败，不成功

　　His plan broke down at last.他的计划最终失败了。

　　► 归纳拓展

　　break相关短语大观：

　　break away(from)脱离，背叛

　　break in强行进入(不及物)；插嘴，打断

　　break into 破门而入(及物)，突然开始

　　break out 爆发，突然发生

　　break up 分解；分手，决裂

　　break through克服，突破

　　7．more than多于，超过

　　【教材原句】There is not enough money to pay the wages of more than one teacher in a village.

　　村子里没有足够的钱支付两个老师的工资。

　　归纳拓展

　　more than＋数词　超过……，多于……

　　more than＋名词　不只是……，不仅仅是……

　　more than＋形容词/过去分词/动词　非常/极为……

　　more than＋从句　超出……的范围

　　no more than不过，仅仅

　　not more than至多，不多于

　　not more...than A 不如 A……

　　no more...than A和A一样不……

　　More than 1,000 people attended the meeting.

　　参加会议的人超过1000个。

　　He is more than a father；he is also a friend.

　　他不只是父亲，还是朋友。

　　To be frank，I am

　　more than satisfied with what he has done.

　　坦白说，我对他所做的事情非常满意。

　　This problem is more than I can understand.

　　这个问题我理解不了。

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond_______(形容)．

　　答案：description

　　2．Franklin's ability to learn from observation and experience c______greatly to his success.

　　答案：contributed

　　3．Mr Smith did a lot of work for a ______(志愿的)organization.

　　答案：voluntary

　　4．I don't think it ______(值得的)taking such trouble.

　　答案：worthwhile

　　5．We must work hard to a ______a good knowledge of English.

　　答案：acquire

　　6．We have no a ______but to go on.

　　答案：alternative

　　7．The ring is one of her most treasured______(财产)．

　　答案：possessions

　　8．I felt I did not have to make such a ______(承诺)to them.

　　答案：commitment

　　9．He worked as an______(助理)to the president.

　　答案：assistant

　　10．All the s______are off today.

　　答案：staff

　　Ⅱ.单项填空

　　1．It took ______building supplies to construct these energy­saving houses.It took brains，too.

　　A．other than B．more than

　　C．rather than

　　D．less than

　　解析：句意：建造这些节能型的房子不仅需要建筑材料，还需要智慧。more than 不仅仅是，不只是，后接名词。other than 除了，rather than而不是，less than少于。

　　答案：B

　　2．—Do you need any help，Lucy?

　　—Yes.The job is______I could do myself.

　　A．less than

　　B．more than

　　C．no more than

　　D．not more than

　　解析：答句句意：是的，这份工作我一个人做不了。more than在此表示“超出……的范围”，其后接句子。

　　答案：B

　　3．—How about your journey to Mount Emei?

　　—Everything was wonderful except that our car ______twice on the way.

　　A．slowed down

　　B．broke down

　　C．got down

　　D．put down

　　解析：break down 出故障，(车)抛锚，符合语境。slow down 慢下来；get down 咽下，写下；put down镇压，写下。

　　答案：B

　　4．(2011年浙江)—Can I come and have a look at your new house?

　　—Yes，______！

　　A．with pleasure

　　B．I like it

　　C．I quite agree

　　D．by all means

　　解析：句意：“我能来看一下你的新房子吗？”“是的，当然可以！”由语境可知，D项正确，by all means 当然可以。with pleasure很乐意，I like it 我喜欢它，I quite agree我非常同意。

　　答案：D

　　5．—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?

　　—______.Ours is much stronger than theirs.

　　A．Of course

　　B．It depends

　　C．Don't mention it

　　D．By no means

　　解析：由“Ours is much stronger than theirs.”可知D项切题，by no means 绝不，一点也不。of course当然，it depends 视情况而定，don't mention it 不客气。

　　答案：D

　　6．They are organizing a program to________people's attention to protecting wild animals.

　　A．give

　　B．pay

　　C．have

　　D．draw

　　解析：draw one's attention to “引起某人对……的注意”，为固定搭配，不定式短语to draw people's attention to... 在句中作后置定语。

　　答案：D

　　7．Not only should you get used_____under difficult conditions but also you pay more attention ______your work well.

　　A．to work；to do

　　B．to working；to doing

　　C．to work；to doing

　　D．to working；to do

　　解析：get used to doing sth .开始习惯于做某事；pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事，两者均为固定短语，且to 均为介词。

　　答案：B

　　8．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________his notes.

　　A．bringing up

　　B．referring to

　　C．looking for

　　D．trying on

　　解析：句意：总裁在商务会议上脱稿发言将近一个小时。bring up抚养，提出；refer to参考，参阅；look for寻找；try on 试穿。B项符合句意。

　　答案：B

　　9．The two cities referred______London and Paris.

　　A．to is

　　B．to are

　　C．to be

　　D．are

　　解析：句意：被提到的两座城市是伦敦和巴黎。分析句子结构可知，referred to在此作后置定语，主语是the two cities，故谓语用复数形式，所以本题选B。

　　答案：B

　　10．The company provides cheap Internet access.______，it makes shareware freely available.

　　A．In addition

　　B．In general

　　C．In return

　　D．In brief

　　解析：in addition 另外；in general总的来说，大体上；in return作为回报；in brief简言之。根据语境可知选A。

　　答案：A

　　11．Eating too much fat and sugar can________heart disease and high blood pressure.

　　A．result from

　　B．attend to

　　C．lead in

　　D．contribute to

　　解析：句意：吃太多脂肪和糖会引发心脏病和高血压。result from由……引起；attend to 照料；lead与to搭配才可意为“导致”；contribute to 促成，引起，是……的原因之一。只有选项D符合句意。

　　答案：D

　　Ⅲ.翻译句子

　　1．我们不在时窃贼闯入了我们家。

　　_____________________________________________________

　　2．再三考虑之后他决定脱离这个组织。

　　_____________________________________________________

　　答案：1.Burglars had broken into our house/broken in while we were away.

　　2．He decided to break away from the organization after a second thought.

　　Ⅳ.用equal的适当形式或相关短语完成句子

　　1．All men are born______，so everyone hopes to be treated____because______is the essential demand.

　　2．No one can

　　______him______math.

　　3．I'm not ____________the position.

　　答案：1.equal；equally；equality

　　2．equal；in　3.equal to

　　第二板块　句型巧析

　　1．I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国——也叫UN，UN这个名称更为常用。

　　I am pleased to have...是“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型。这一句型中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，这类形容词有surprised，moved，disappointed，happy，sad，delighted，sorry，glad，worried，eager，anxious，angry 等。该句型中不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语。如：

　　I'm very happy to hear that you are getting out of hospital soon.听说你很快要出院，我很高兴。

　　We were disappointed to be told that the match had been cancelled.被告知比赛取消了，我们很失望。

　　2．As you know，the UN touches the lives of people every­where.众所周知，联合国与世界各地每个人的生活息息相关。

　　本句为主从复合句，句中as 引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可译为“正如”，先行词为整个主句。as引导非限制性定语从句的用法说明：

　　As is reported，a foreign delegation will visit our city.

　　据报道，一个外国代表团要来我市参观。

　　She got angry，as most of us could see.

　　我们大多数人都可以看出来，她生气了。

　　3．One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，as in many places water is not safe to drink unless it is boiled.确保每个人都能够享受到干净的饮用水是目标之一，因为在很多地方水只有煮沸才能完全饮用。

　　water is not safe to drink 是“sth.＋be＋adj.＋ 不定式”结构，其中water是drink的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　► 归纳拓展

　　“sth.＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构的用法聚焦：

　　1．形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy，difficult，hard，important等；

　　2．不定式与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；

　　3．不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语(通常用for sb.表示)；

　　4．如果构成不定式的动词是不及物的，动词后要加上相应的介词。

　　That book is difficult(for me)to understand.

　　那本书(对我来说)很难懂。

　　Harry Potter is pleasant to read.

　　《哈利·波特》读起来让人感到很愉快。

　　The chair is comfortable to sit on.这把椅子坐起来很舒服。

　　(2011年福建)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the ipad 2 more comfortable to hold.

　　厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得ipad 2拿着更舒服。

　　4．Instead of sand blowing everywhere，there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.这里没有沙尘飞扬，到处都是泥和水，这使出行变得非常困难。

　　句中现在分词短语making it difficult to travel from place to place作结果状语，表示自然而然和预料之中的结果，现在分词短语前的整个句子是现在分词短语的逻辑主语，且该逻辑主语与make是主谓关系。现在分词(短语)作结果状语用法透视：

　　All the boats have been destroyed by the enemy，leaving us no chance to leave the island.

　　敌人破坏了所有的船，这使我们无法离开这座岛。

　　A number of new machines were installed in the factory，thus resulting in an increase in production.

　　这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。

　　归纳拓展

　　不定式也可作结果状语，通常也用一般式，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，但不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。如：

　　I rushed to the station，only to find the train already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。

　　选择填空

　　1．(2011年陕西)More highways have been built in China，______it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

　　A．making　B．made

　　C．to make

　　D．having made

　　解析：句意：中国修了更多的公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。more highways 与make 为主谓关系，非谓语动词所表示的是谓语动作自然而然的结果，故此处用现在分词短语的一般式作结果状语。不定式作结果状语时多表示意料之外的结果。

　　答案：A

　　2．The news reporters hurried to the airport，only______the film star had left.

　　A．to tell

　　B．to be told

　　C．telling

　　D．told

　　解析：句意：资讯记者匆忙赶往机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开。不定式短语only to be told the film star had left在句中作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，the news reporters与tell为动宾关系。

　　答案：B

　　3．The fact that she was foreign made______difficult for her to get a job in that country.

　　A．so

　　B．much

　　C．that

　　D．it

　　解析：考查it作形式宾语。

　　答案：D

　　4．He didn't make______clear when and where the meeting would be held.

　　A．this

　　B．that

　　C．it

　　D．these

　　解析：考查it 作形式宾语。

　　答案：C

　　5．(2012年天津卷)He got up late and hurried to his office，________the breakfast untouched.

　　A．left

　　B．to leave

　　C．leaving

　　D．having left

　　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他起床晚了，急匆匆地向办公室冲去，没吃一点早餐。此处用­ing形式作结果状语。不定式作结果状语往往表示一种“出乎意料”的结果，所以选C。

　　答案：C

　　6．In many people's opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ______.

　　A．to deal with

　　B．dealing with

　　C．to be dealt with

　　D．dealt with

　　解析：句意：在很多人看来，那家分司虽然相对来说很小，但是和他们做生意很愉快。在“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

　　答案：A

　　7．Coal______we all know，is the least

　　efficient，unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel.

　　A．what

　　B．which

　　C．as

　　D．one

　　解析：句意：众所周知，煤是燃烧效率最低、最不健康且对环境破坏最严重的化石燃料。as引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，先行词为整个主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句必须位于先行词之后。

　　答案：C

　　8．(2011年北京)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________，of course，made all the others upset.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　解析：句意：Mary 对Jack 比对其他人都好，这当然让其他所有人都不高兴了。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，意为“这”，先行词为整个主句。

　　答案：B

　　(六)本期看点：阅读理解之推理判断题

　　推理判断题考查学生根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。

　　推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题。不论做哪一类推断题，指导思想都是要以文字信息为依据，不能浮于表面，但也不能做多步推理。常用的提问方式有：

　　1.It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　2.We can conclude that ________.

　　3.When the writer talks about...，what he really means is that ________.

　　4.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?

　　5.The writer suggests that ________.

　　6.It can be learned that ________.

　　【解题导引】

　　在阅读中，如果文章作者运用的语言比较直率，表达比较直截了当，那么即便我们仅仅理解其字面意思，也不会影响我们的理解。然而，大多数情况下，我们所读的文章比较含蓄，作者经常把需要我们理解的意思不直接表达出来，而期待我们去领悟文章的内在含义。这种情况下，如果我们只理解语言的字面意思，就会妨碍我们对文章真正内涵的理解。我们只有通过作者所提供的信息，进行推理、作出结论，才能达到真正理解文章的目的。因此解题时可按以下三步走：

　　―→―→

　　【使用说明】

　　定位时需注意：

　　1.题干有线索，定位原文相关语句做出推理；

　　2.题干无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that...等，在选项中寻找线索，排除不可能选项，依据最可能选项中的关键词定位原句，做出推理；

　　3.infer，conclude题型或推测上段或下段内容的题型，须到文章或段落主题所在位置作判断。

　　【典例】

　　I announced，“They’re on the wrong feet.”With the grace that only experience can bring，she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again.Then I said，“These aren’t my boots，you know.”As she pulled the offending boots from my feet，she still managed to look both helpful and interested.Once they were off, I said，“They are my brother’s boots.

　　My mother makes me wear them，and I hate them！”Somehow，from long years of practice,

　　she managed to act as though I wasn't an annoying little girl.She pushed and shoved，less gently this time，and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet.With a great sigh of relief，seeing the end of her struggle with me，she asked，“Now，where are your gloves？”

　　I looked into her eyes and said，“I didn't want to lose them，so I put them into the toes of my boots.”

　　62．It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to enjoy the first snow of winter，the teacher had to help her put on her boots ________.

　　A.

　　once　 B.

　　twice

　　C．three times

　　D.

　　four times

　　Step 1：定位　题干中提到help her put on her boots，由此可定位到原文第四段。

　　Step 2：详读　文章第四段讲述了当老师第一次给小女孩穿上靴子之后，小女孩告诉老师穿错脚了；第二次穿上后，小女孩恶作剧地说这不是她的靴子；第三次穿上后，老师问她手套在哪里，她说手套在靴子里。

　　Step 3：推理　毫无疑问，老师给她脱下靴子拿出手套之后还得为小女孩第四次穿上靴子，故答案选D项。

　　【经典有约】

　　American cities are similar to other cities around the world:

　　In every country，cities reflect the values of the culture.American cities are changing，just as American society is changing.

　　After World War Ⅱ，the population of most large American cities decreased；however，the population in many Sun Belt cities increased.Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移)to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents(居民)became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs(郊区)．

　　Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.Many，unlike their parents，want to live in the cities.They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest.Many young professionals are moving back into the city.They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there；or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.

　　This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs；now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.

　　Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying.Some city residents now see a bright，new future.Others see only problems and conflicts.One thing is sure：Many dying cities are alive again.

　　64．What does the author think of cities all over the world?

　　A．They are alive.

　　B．They are hopeless.

　　C．They are similar.

　　D．They are different.

　　解析：由首段首句可知，作者认为世界上的城市都是相似的。

　　答案：C

　　65．Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ？

　　A．Because older American cities

　　were dying.

　　B．Because they were richer and

　　needed more space.

　　C.

　　Because cities contained the

　　worst parts of society.

　　D．Because they could hardly afford

　　to live in the city.

　　解析：由第二段倒数第三、四句可知，二战后的美国城市居民富裕了，再加上家庭人口增多，他们需要更大的居住空间，故他们开始搬到郊区去住。

　　答案：B

　　66．According to the 4th paragraph，a great many poor people in American cities ________.

　　A．are faced with housing problems

　　B．are forced to move to the suburbs

　　C．want to sell their buildings

　　D．need more money for daily expenses

　　解析：由第四段第二句可知，大量的美国城市贫民被迫离开住所，可见他们面临着一个严峻的问题——住房问题。

　　答案：A

　　67．We can conclude from the text that ________.

　　A．American cities are changing for the worse

　　B．people have different views on American cities

　　C．many people are now moving from American cities

　　D．the population is decreasing in older American cities

　　解析：由文章末段可以推知，人们对美国城市有许多不同的观点和看法。

　　答案：B

　　本期看点：书面表达之图画类

　　图画类

　　一、策略导引

　　1．考纲点拨

　　图画作文是高考英语书面表达最常见的命题形式之一，它要求考生根据一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息，写一篇短文，叙述一件事，或者阐述图画反映的某种社会现象。这种命题形式的优点在于，它所提供的汉语提示很少或几乎没有，留给考生的发挥空间大，考生能通过这样的试题充分发挥自己的想像、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。

　　2．命题特点及应试策略

　　1)命题特点

　　高考图画类作文的命题特点是：命题人利用图画给考生提供一个特定的写作情景，要求考生在细心观察图画和正确理解图画的基础上，确定文章的文体、主题和具体细节，然后精心组织语言表达出来。试题具有如下特征：

　　(1)素材贴近生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性，体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明，考生易获得直观信息。

　　(2)文体形式多样。图画式作文有记叙文、说明文和议论文，时态要以图画反映的内容而定，介绍人物或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；提示或反映某个社会现象则用一般现在时；人称一般根据图画的内容，用第一人称或第三人称。此类作文一般都会给出关键词、文章的开头或规定场景，写作时要注意图画体现的主题及各图画之间的联系。

　　二、素材必备

　　1．常用词汇

　　interesting有趣的　vivid/lively生动的

　　meaningful涵义丰富的

　　beautiful美丽的

　　instructive富有教育意义的

　　2)用于发表观点或给出解决问题的办法的词汇：

　　personally个人认为

　　in one's opinion/view在某人看来

　　take measuren采取措施

　　solution解决方法

　　take actios采取措施，行动起来

　　attach importance to重视

　　make effort努力

　　2．常用句式

　　1)用于描述图画或引出话题的句式：

　　(1)As is described in the picture，“love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places”．

　　正如这幅图画所描述的那样，“爱是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮”。

　　(2)From the picture we can see that a schoolboy is addicted to playing computer games.

　　从这幅画中我们可以看到一个男生正沉溺于打电脑游戏。

　　(3)The purpose of the picture is to show us that we shouldn't spoil our children too much.

　　这幅图画的目的是向我们表明我们不能太溺爱我们的孩子。

　　(4)As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.

　　这幅图画清晰地向我们描述了经济发展和环境保护之间的关系。

　　(5)The picture indicates/conveys the meaning that“no pains，no gains.”

　　这幅画向我们表明了这样的意义“不劳无获”。

　　(6)The sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

　　这幅景象使我想起了日常生活的一些事情。

　　2)用于记叙事件经过或分析现象

　　(1)At first...then...five minutes later...finally/in the end/at last...

　　开始时……然后……五分钟后……最后……

　　(2)Upon arrival，we began to work.

　　我们一到达就马上开始工作。

　　(3)Some...；some...；others...

　　一些人(做)……一些人(做)……另一些人(做)……

　　Some are swimming in the lake；some are flying kites；others are playing games.

　　一些人在湖里游泳，一些人在放风筝；还有一些人在做游戏。

　　(4)．..was/were doing...when suddenly sb./sth.did...

　　当某事正