2016年陕西省高考英语二轮复习专题训练卷十七：史地、自然、科普、资讯类阅读理解、信息匹配（二）

　　2016年高考第二轮复习英语版

　　专题升级训练十七　史地、自然、科普、资讯类阅读理解、信息匹配（二）

　　第一节　阅读理解

　　A

　　As the forceful king of Macedonia（马其顿），Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire，becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.

　　Born in 356 B.C.，Alexander Ⅲ was the son of Philip Ⅱ and Olympias.Alexander's parents wanted him to receive the finest education，and arranged for him to study under Aristotle，regarded as one of the greatest scholars.

　　Alexander's father was a strong leader.Philip Ⅱ built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom；he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.

　　In 336 B.C.，Philip Ⅱ was murdered by one of his guards.Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred，there were clues that other people were related to it.

　　After Alexander was cleared as a suspect，he succeeded his father without opposition，and killed those said to be responsible for his father's murder，as well as all rivals.He was then just 20 years old.He then prepared to attack Persia.

　　In the spring of 334 B.C.，Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia，which was called “the most powerful military expedition（远征）ever to leave Greece”．He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River，sending a strong message to Darius Ⅲ，leader of the Persian Empire.

　　In 333 B.C.，Alexander faced Darius again at Issus，a mountain pass.The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage.Darius managed to escape.Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast，Alexander took every city in his path.

　　In 332 B.C.，Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh（法老）．

　　When Alexander left Egypt in 331 B.C.，he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.

　　In 323 B.C.，however，Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon.He was just 33 years old.

　　1．What can we know about Philip Ⅱ's death?

　　A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him.

　　B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip Ⅱ to kill him.

　　C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia.

　　D．The murder might be organized by a group of people.

　　2．The Macedonian army could defeat the Persians at Issus mainly because ______.

　　A．Darius didn't command his army in the battlefield

　　B．the Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers in number

　　C．the Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass

　　D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire

　　3．In which order did Alexander do the following things?

　　a．Totally overthrew the Persian Empire.

　　b．Defeated the Persian army at Issus.

　　c．Was crowned Pharaoh of Egypt.

　　d．Defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River.

　　e．Became the leader of Macedonia.

　　A．e，d，b，c，a　B．d，e，a，c，b

　　C．e，b，d，c，a

　　D．d，a，c，e，b

　　4．According to the passage，we can infer ______.

　　A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations

　　B．Alexander was happy about his father's death

　　C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt

　　D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died

　　B

　　The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego.The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central California.

　　The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America，which adds confusion as to where it might have originated.It is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii，Florida，parts of Australia，South Africa and Japan.In North America，the brown widow spider was restricted for many decades to the Florida Peninsula.However，around the year 2000，it started showing up in other Gulf Coast states.Brown widows are now known from Texas to Georgia and South Carolina.

　　The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches.Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots，mail boxes，entry way corners，under eaves，storage closets and garages，undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods，and the undersides of outdoor furniture.They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore，appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.

　　One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species.The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives，but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison.The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite are that the bite hurts when it is given and it leaves a red mark.These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders.

　　There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals.Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general.Therefore，most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows.Avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them.Also，one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders.These items include rarely worn garments such as gardening clothes and gloves，recreational items like sports equipment（i.e.，baseball gloves）and other items where spiders can crawl up into holes where fingers can be inserted.

　　5．The author wrote this article to ______.

　　A．announce the result of a research on spiders

　　B．introduce the ways to get rid of the spiders

　　C．report a new finding of the widow species

　　D．warn readers against the brown widow

　　6．From the passage we can conclude that ______.

　　A．brown widows are possibly spreading northward

　　B．brown widows originated from Africa

　　C．brown widows now can be found in all countries

　　D．there used to be no brown widows in North America

　　7．The third paragraph is mainly about ______.

　　A．the brown widow's web building

　　B．the characteristics of the brown widow

　　C．the habitat preferences of the brown widow

　　D．the brown widow's threat to human beings

　　8．It can be inferred that ______.

　　A．brown widows can be killed with any farm chemicals

　　B．at present people can only control brown widow spiders

　　C．the brown widow has more poison than the black widow

　　D．victims bitten by the brown widow needn't see the doctor

　　C

　　You've heard of the dangers of second­hand smoke.Now here's another worry：second­hand TV.A growing number of researchers are warning about the dangers of watching TV when very young children are nearby.Recent findings suggest that even casual exposure to TV can harm their development and ruin parent­child interactions（沟通）．

　　The most recent warning came last week when the American Academy of Pediatrics（儿科）for the first time included warnings about “second­hand television” in its guidelines for kids under age 2.

　　In addition to the time for young kids to watch TV，it warned against watching TV with them nearby，saying the practice hurt their language development.It pointed to several studies，including one that found background TV reduced the length of time children played and caused their focus on play to wander.Recent surveys find that about one of three families leave the TV on most of the time.

　　The warning said TV keeps young kids and their parents from interacting—a key way children develop the working vocabulary they'll need in school.“If you're trying to connect with your kids，you've got to turn the screens off，”says Ari Brown，a pediatrician and lead author on the recommendations.She worries that when the focus is on TV，there's less talk time.Brown discourages families from keeping the TV on when no one is watching and suggests they wait until very young kids are in bed before they watch

　　their favorite show.“Parents are distracted（分散注意力）by TV the same way preschoolers are，”says Lisa Guernsey，author of the 2007 book Into the Minds of Babies：How Screen Time Affects Children From Birth to Age Five.She says young children learn much more from face­to­face interaction than a screen.“They see someone who's able to do that as a true learning partner，”she says.“They don't have any way of knowing whether that character or face on screen really understands them.”

　　9．Which of the following is the bad effect of second­hand TV watching?

　　A．It caused children not to play attentively.

　　B．It hurt children's feelings to their parents.

　　C．It made children suffer from the violence on TV.

　　D．It taught children some improper language.

　　10．What can be inferred from the third paragraph?

　　A．Parents should limit the TV time for children.

　　B．Parents should spend time playing with children.

　　C．Parents should buy another TV for their children.

　　D．Parents should strengthen their children's language development.

　　11．What is suggested in the fourth paragraph?

　　A．When everybody in the family focuses on TV，there is more talk time.

　　B．Interacting plays an important part in developing kids' vocabulary.

　　C．The characters on TV screen can really understand young children.

　　D．Adults learn much more from face­to­face interaction than a screen.

　　D

　　By creating a distinctive username and reusing it on multiple websites，you may be giving online marketers and scammers a simple way to track you.Four researchers from the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science（INRIA）studied over 10 million usernames—collected from public Google profiles，eBay accounts and several other sources.They found that about half of the usernames used on one site could be linked to another online profile，potentially allowing marketers and scammers to build a more complex picture of the users.

　　“These results show that some users can be profiled just from their usernames，”says Claude Castelluccia，research director of the security and privacy research group at INRIA，and one of the authors of a paper on the work.“More specifically，a profiler could use usernames to identify all the profiles that belong to the same user and then use all the information contained in these sites to profile the victim.”

　　Those who have more unique usernames are more likely to be attacked.The INRIA researchers have created a tool that can check how unique a username is，and thus how easily an attacker could use it to build a profile of a person.

　　Researches are exploring ways that the traces of data that people leave on different websites could be combined and used to track them.A 2010 paper showed that the online groups to which people belonged could be used to infer their real identity in 42 percent of cases.

　　Building profiles of consumers using online information has already become a major industry for marketers as well as online criminals.

　　12．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Look out for online criminals

　　B．Your username may betray you

　　C．Don't leave your traces online

　　D．A unique username is more attractive

　　13．Online marketers may use your username to ______.

　　A．get a picture of yours

　　B．steal from your online account

　　C．get useful information about you

　　D．find out your interest or hobbies

　　14．The main purpose of the passage is probably to ______.

　　A．warn us of the possible dangers of a unique username

　　B．tell us how to manage our online information

　　C．advise us on how to choose a proper username

　　D．tell us the importance of a username

　　15．We can infer from the passage that ______.

　　A．it's hard to build a profile of a person from an online username

　　B．it's better to use a more complex username online

　　C．an online username has little to do with the real person

　　D．we'd better not use the same username on different sites

　　第二节　信息匹配

　　A．Trust is vital in relationships

　　B．Show great respect for others

　　C．Share feelings to understand each other better

　　D．Try to always have new relationship

　　E．Good teen relationships help to solve problems

　　F．Communicate to avoid future problems

　　16．

　　In the event that you are currently in a teen relationship，harmonious teen relationships can prevent you from experiencing problems within our relationship，and it may also help you to move past any problems that you may already have.Check out the complete article to learn what teen relationships may do for you.

　　17．

　　During the time that you are in your teens，it can be a tremendously exciting and passionate time for individuals，and at anytime that you are in a relationship during your teens，it is very important that you show the maximum level of respect，both for your partner and yourself.The interactions and actions within relationships at this particular age may leave lasting impressions on all of your relationship for many years to come，so why don't you make all of them good impressions?

　　18．

　　Within these early relationships，when mistrust is present，it may easily lead to really severe issues with trust in relationships once you get a little older.It is very important for you to prove to your significant ones（重要的人）that you are trustworthy of them.

　　19．

　　Whether you like it or not，there are some teenagers that simply don't take their relationships seriously.In the end，this may lead to several problems，of which cheating is the most common problem.When you have someone cheat on you，it is among the most painful things that may happen within your life，and it is particularly hard to get over it if it happens at a young age.In order to prevent this，when you are with someone，you should take a moment to talk about each other's expectations.

　　20．

　　Each of the relationships that you go through during your teens may be among the most intense that you will ever encounter within your whole

　　life.It may also feel like when something happens it is going to feel like the world is coming to an end，but it really isn't going to be.Chances are that you are going to move on from the situations that happen and meet many new individuals and have some new relationships，and they are going to be just as exciting and new as the relationship that you have been experiencing currently.

　　参考答案

　　第一节　阅读理解

　　A

　　1. 答案：D

　　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的内容可推断这次谋杀可能是一群人策划好的行动。

　　答案：C

　　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第二句中的内容可知他们能取胜的主要原因是更善于在狭窄的山路上作战。

　　答案：A

　　解析：细节理解题。本文是按照时间的先后顺序进行叙述的，第五段第一句提到了e项，第六段第二句提到了d项，第七段提到了b项，第八段提到了c项，第九段提到了a项，故正确答案为A项。

　　答案：C

　　解析：推理判断题。根据文章中叙述的推翻波斯帝国和埃及的过程，可推测击败波斯比击败埃及困难。

　　B

　　答案：D

　　解析：作者意图题。文章从这种蜘蛛的渊源谈起，预测了它的蔓延范围，进而介绍了它的生活习性、危害以及控制方法，所以作者意在警告读者当心这种蜘蛛。

　　答案：A

　　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知它们可能会朝北方蔓延。

　　答案：C

　　解析：主旨大意题。本段指出了这种蜘蛛经常选择的织网的地方，即主要介绍这种蜘蛛的栖息偏好。

　　答案：B

　　解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到还没有掌握控制这种蜘蛛应当使用的化学药品的具体信息，目前的建议是采用控制蜘蛛的一般方法，并提供了一些预防措施，由此可推断目前人们只能控制它们。C

　　9. 答案：A

　　解析：推理判断题。从第三段“...hurt their language development...caused their focus on play to wander”和第四段的“...TV keeps young kids and their parents from interacting...”可以推出。

　　答案：A

　　解析：推理判断题。从第三段的“In addition to the time for young kids to watch TV...their language development”可知。

　　答案：B

　　解析：推理判断题。从第四段的“...TV keeps young kids and their parents from interacting—a key way children develop the working vocabulary they'll need in school.‘If you're trying to connect with your kids，you've got to turn the screens off’...”可知。

　　D

　　答案：B

　　解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇研究报道，第一段第一句是本文的中心句，根据本句的内容可知B项“你的用户名可能会背叛你”最贴近文章内容。

　　答案：C

　　解析：推理判断题。第一段最后一句提到市场营销人员可以根据搜集的信息对用户进行更为复杂的轮廓勾勒，再结合常识可推测网络市场营销人员可能会利用用户名来获取用户的有用信息。

　　答案：A

　　解析：写作意图题。结合文章第一段的第一句和第三段提到的独特用户名存在的潜在危险以及最后一段中的内容可知本文旨在警告我们独特的用户名带来的危险。

　　答案：D

　　解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段第一句提到用户访问不同网站后的使用痕迹能够被联系起来并进行跟踪，由此可推断最好不要使用相同的用户名访问不同的网站。

　　第二节　信息匹配

　　答案与解析：

　　16．答案：E

　　解析：根据本段“harmonious teen relationships can prevent you from experiencing problems within our relationship，and it may also help you to move past any problems...”可知E项正确。

　　17．答案：B

　　解析：根据本段“...it is very important that you show the maximum level of respect，both for your partner and yourself.”对自己的伙伴和自己表现出最大的尊敬是非常重要的。

　　18．答案：A

　　解析：根据“It is very important for you to prove to your significant ones（重要的人）that you are trustworthy of them.”可知A项正确。

　　19．答案：F

　　解析：根据本段最后一句“In order to prevent this，when you are with someone，you should take a moment to talk about each other's expectations.”可知F项正确。

　　20．答案：D

　　解析：根据本段“Chances are that you are going to move on from the situations that happen and meet many new individuals and have some new relationships，and they are going to be just as exciting and new...”可知D项正确。