福建省泉州市2014高考英语文章突破一轮训练（10）及答案

　　泉州市2014高考英语文章突破一轮训练（10）及答案

　　阅读理解专题训练()、议论文的阅读()

　　◆ 方法点拨

　　议论文通常用来讨论一个观点或现象，其内容主要由三部分组成：论点，论据与结论。论点就是作者要论述的观点，是文章的主旨；而论据是用来证明论点的材料，也就是支撑论点的理由和事实。它可以是事例，理论，数据等等，结论则是论证后所得出的总结性观点。

　　写作方法通常是：提出论点，分析或举例论证，得出结论。

　　阅读议论文的方法：

　　读者应该先搞清楚其结构。首先通过寻找短文的主题句来确定文章的主题，也就是论点。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。在浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主论点后，还需进一步找出每段落的分论点，以免分论点与主论点混淆。

　　◆ 活学活用

　　阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务

　　It's natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their hearts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.

　　As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.

　　Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.

　　These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixty­five or seventy­five times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.

　　Of course，scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask，“Why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers carry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.

　　We know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we don't have and we are curious.

　　Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要

　　_______________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　_______________________________________________________

　　Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项

　　1．According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？________.

　　A．People are curious in the same way.

　　B．People in different countries are interested in different things.

　　C．Men and women are curious about different things.

　　D．People of different ages are interested in different things.

　　2．Scientists who work with the biological sciences study________.

　　A．the earth，the oceans and the sky

　　B．man­made things

　　C．plants and animals

　　D．ocean water

　　3．When you run，your muscles need ________.

　　A．more nutrition and oxygen

　　B．more signals

　　C．more salt

　　D．water

　　4．People are always curious because________.

　　A．they cannot explain many things

　　B．they know nothing about the world

　　C．they know little about the world

　　D．they want to be scientists

　　5．The passage mainly shows us that ________.

　　A．Scientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around them

　　B．what the people are curious about

　　C．everyone has curiosity which makes the science develop quickly

　　D．Sometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questionsⅠ

　　This passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.

　　Ⅱ

　　1．解析：根据第二段可知。

　　答案：D

　　2．解析：根据第三段“Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”

　　答案：C

　　3．解析：根据第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.”

　　答案：A

　　4．解析：推理题，正因为不能解释，才会产生好奇。

　　答案：A

　　5．解析：中心概括题。本文通过事例论述人们对事物的好奇推进科学的发展。

　　答案：C

　　（山西大同学情调研）

　　When I first entered university，my aunt，who is an English professor，gave me a new English dictionary.I was __1__ to see that it was an English­English dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary.__2__ it was a dictionary intended for non­native learners，none of my classmates had one __3__，to be honest，I found it extremely __4__ to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and __5__ not fully understand the meanings.I was used to the __6__ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are __7__ both in English and Chinese.I really wondered why my aunt __8__ to make things so difficult for me.Now，after studying English at university for three years，I __9__ that monolingual dictionaries are __10__ in learning a foreign language.

　　As I found out，there is，__11__，often no perfect equivalence（对应）between two __12__in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to __13__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the __14__ meaning of a word in English！__15__，she insisted that I read the definition（定义）of a word in a monolingual dictionary __16__ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__17__ I have come to see what she meant.

　　Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a（n）__18__ number of words，around 2,000，in its definitions.When I read these definitions，I am __19__ exposed to（接触）the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.__20__ this，I can express myself more easily in English.

　　1．A．worried

　　B．sad

　　C．surprised

　　D．nervous

　　2．A．Because

　　B．Although

　　C．Unless　

　　D．If

　　3．A．but

　　B．so

　　C．or　

　　D．and

　　4．A．difficult

　　B．interesting

　　C．ambiguous

　　D．practical

　　5．A．thus

　　B．even

　　C．still

　　D．again

　　6．A．new

　　B．familiar

　　C．earlier

　　D．ordinary

　　7．A．explained

　　B．expressed

　　C．described

　　D．created

　　8．A．offered

　　B．agreed

　　C．decided

　　D．happened

　　9．A．imagine

　　B．recommend

　　C．predict

　　D．understand10．A．natural

　　B．better

　　C．easier

　　D．convenient

　　11．A．at best

　　B．in fact

　　C．at times

　　D．in case

　　12．A．words

　　B．names

　　C．ideas

　　D．characters

　　13．A．hope

　　B．declare

　　C．doubt

　　D．tell

　　14．A．exact

　　B．basic

　　C．translated

　　D．expected

　　15．A．Rather

　　B．However

　　C．Therefore

　　D．Instead

　　16．A．when

　　B．before

　　C．until

　　D．while

　　17．A．Largely

　　B．Generally

　　C．Gradually

　　D．Probably

　　18．A．extra

　　B．average

　　C．total

　　D．limited

　　19．A．repeatedly

　　B．nearly

　　C．immediately

　　D．anxiously

　　20．A．According to

　　B．In relation to

　　C．In addition to

　　D．Because of

　　1．C　从下文可知，学生一般都用双解词典，而一进入大学，姑妈就给作者一本英英词典，因此感到惊讶。

　　2．B　尽管这本词典是为非本族语学习者编写的一本词典，但是作者的同学没有一个拥有这样的词典。根据句意可知B项正确。

　　3．D　从下文可知，此处两个分句之间存在承接关系，因此用and，答案为D项。

　　4．A　difficult “难的”；interesting “有趣的”；ambiguous “不明确的，模棱两可的”；practical“实用的”。由上下文可知，作者开始用英英词典的时候还是感到困难的，所以A项正确。

　　5．C　thus“如此，这样”；even“甚至”；still“仍然，还”；again“再，又”。根据句意可知选C项。

　　6．B　根据句意，作者习惯使用双解词典。familiar“熟知的，熟悉的”。

　　7．A　双解词典中的单词用两种语言解释，所以答案为A项。

　　8．C　offer to do sth.“自愿做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；decide to do sth.“决定做某事”；happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。因为双解词典比较容易，而用英英词典则比较困难，所以作者不知道姑妈为什么决定要这样做。故C项正确。

　　9．D　在大学学了三年的英语后，作者知道了英英词典的好处。imagine “想象”；recommend “建议，推荐”；predict “预言”；understand “理解”。根据句意可知D项正确。

　　10．B　从下文可知，作者现在认识到英英词典比双解词典好，所以B项正确。

　　11．B　像作者发现的那样，在两种语言中，两个单词的含义实际上没有绝对的对应。at best“最好，至多，充其量”；in fact“事实上”；at times “有时”；in case “万一”。根据句意选B项。

　　12．A　此处表示两种语言中的单词意义不能完全匹配，所以用words。

　　13．B　姑妈宣称说汉语翻译永远不会给出一个英语单词的确切意义。hope “希望”；declare“宣布，宣称”后可直接接宾语从句；doubt “怀疑”，与句意不符；tell要接双宾语。综上所述可知B项正确。

　　14．A　A项“确切的”；B项“基础的”；C项“被翻译的”；D项“期望的”。根据上一题解析可知A项正确。

　　15．C　上下文之间为因果关系，所以选C项。therefore“因此，所以”。

　　16．A　姑妈坚持主张：想更好地理解单词的含义时，还是要看英英词典上的定义。when“当……时”，可以是“点”的时间，也可以是“段”的时间，此处表示“点”的时间，而while通常用来表示“段”的时间。

　　17．C　三年中通过使用英英词典作者逐渐明白了姑妈当初的意图。此处gradually表示一个渐进的过程。

　　18．D　由下文的2000个单词可知，这本英英词典的词汇是有限的。

　　19．A　因为本词典词汇量有限，所以这些基本单词会重复出现。A项正确。

　　20．D　A项“根据，依据”；B项“与……有关”；C项“除……之外”；D项“因为，由于”。因为作者使用英英词典，因此可以容易地用英语自我表达。

　　Dear editor,

　　Mary is my best friend and she is a very good-hearted girl. She’s always the first to help out others. But her habits make me mad sometimes and she just won’t change her ways. For most situations, that’s just fine with me, as I know it’s what makes her who she is. However, sometimes it’s just so hard for me to bear her behavior. She has recently got a cellphone, but she often borrows mine to make calls. My phone has a chain with it. She always tries to open it like her own phone. I usually open it for it, but not always, as sometimes I’m driving my car, so she needs to get it out of my purse and open it herself.

　　This weekend, we were at a party in a faraway village. She borrowed my cellphone. As it

　　was cold outside, I let her take it outside without opening it. Now it’s broken because she didn’t open it properly. I wouldn’t be so mad, but over the weekend she also borrowed my car and never offered to pay for the gas, which made me very angry. She should have offered to pay for the gas. As I have mentioned, she’s the type to help out others when and where she can. Perhaps because of that, she thinks others should also do the same for her. Something I just think she is very childish. I don’t want to hurt her, but I do want to let her know that not everyone can accept that. What should I do to let her know that?

　　Yours,

　　Lily

　　41. What is Lily’s purpose in writing this letter?

　　A. To advise us to be careful when making friends.

　　B. To tell others what kind of person Mary is.

　　C. To tell Mary what she thinks of her.

　　D. To ask for advice from an editor.

　　42. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ______________

　　A. Mary doesn’t have a cellphone.

　　B. Mary doesn’t have any good habits.

　　C. Lily is sometimes not pleased with Mary’s behavior.

　　D. Lily has asked Mary to change her way.

　　43. What happened at the weekend party?

　　A. Mary lost Lily’s chain.

　　B. Mary left before the party was over.

　　C. Lily’s cellphone was broken.

　　D. Lily had a quarrel with Mary.

　　44. Why is Lily angry at Mary’s borrowing her car?

　　A. Because Mary is not good at driving.

　　B. Because Mary never offers to pay for the gas.

　　C. Because Mary often makes phone calls while driving.

　　D. Because Mary doesn’t care whether Lily will use it or not.

　　45. What kind of person is Mary?

　　A. Friendly and beautiful.

　　B. Kind and careful.

　　C. Careful but childish.

　　D. Warm-hearted but childish.