湖南省汝城二中2014届高考英语一轮复习阅读训练 (1)

　　阅读专练1

　　1.阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、 B、 C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Former Irish President Mary Robinson was just making a polite conversation with an Ethiopian（埃塞俄比亚的） teenager about her wedding day. The 16-year-old had already been married for a year．"She looked at me with the saddest eyes and said, 'I had to drop out of school,'" Robinson said in a telephone interview．"That conveyed to me the reality, "said Robinson, the first woman to serve as Ireland's president and former U．N．high commissioner for human rights．"Her life, as far as she is concerned, had more or less ended．"

　　Robinson said keeping girls in school was one of the most important things policymakers could do to address the coming challenges of an ever-increasing population, predicted by the United Nations to reach 7 billion soon．"European countries are concerned about aging populations as is Japan, but this is much less of an issue than the huge number of people which we are going to see over the next 40 years when the population goes from 7 billion to 9 billion, "she said．"Almost all of that increase will be in poor developing countries, so that we have a very big challenge．"

　　Family planning experts worry in particular about the future population explosion in sub-Saharan Africa．In May, the United Nations projected the world population would reach 9.3 billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion by 2100. Much of that growth will come from Africa, where the population is growing at 2.3 percent a year—more than double Asia' s 1 percent growth rate. If that rate stays consistent, which is not certain, Africa's population will reach 3.6 billion by 2100 from the present 1 billion．

　　Joel Cohen, a professor of population studies at Rockefeller University and Columbia University in New York, said universal secondary education offered a way to reduce population in high birth-rate regions. In addition to providing information about birth control, a secondary education teaches women to reduce their own fertility（生育力）, improve the health of their children and allows them to move from a mind-set of having many children, in the hopes that some will survive to improving the quality of each child's life, Cohen wrote in the journal Nature.

　　59. In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_____．

　　A. explaining the author's opinions B. giving an example C. describing the poor education system

　　D. coming straight to the topic

　　60. What can we learn from the passage?

　　A. Robinson is happy after talking to the Ethiopian girl.

　　B. Robinson is a successful expert in population studies.

　　C. Robinson is worried about population growth.

　　D. Robinson encourages female education.

　　61. What is Joel Cohen's view about secondary education?

　　A. It provides basic knowledge of health.

　　B. It improves the health of children.

　　C. It makes people pay more attention to education.

　　D. It can change people's parenting ideas.

　　62. According to the passage, the most important way to control high population growth is

　　A. keeping girls in school

　　B. letting girls go away from Africa

　　C. letting young girls remain single

　　D. keeping girls in families

　　2.阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、 B、 C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming sea life.

　　Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades. “We've been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we've been able to record this increasing quantity of atmospheric CO2 into the ocean.”

　　Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular.

　　"As carbon dioxide dissolves in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic acid," Dore explains. "And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the PH down, and makes it more acidic."

　　The seawater samples Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirm what the theory predicts.

　　The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.

　　"It's important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it can have negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It's potentially catastrophic."

　　55. What can be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Sea Life Facing Danger

　　B. Scientist Researching Seawater

　　C. Oceans Becoming More Acidic

　　D. Climate Change Affecting Seawater

　　56. With the increase of atmospheric CO2，__________.

　　A. more corals will appear in the seaB. the surface water is becoming warmer

　　C. the chemical balance of the seawater is affected

　　D. the PH of the ocean out here has been increasing

　　57. Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric CO2 on sea life?

　　a．Sea life is endangered. b．CO2 goes into the surface water. c．The ocean chemistry is affected. d．CO2decreases the PH and makes the seawater more acidic.

　　e．CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up.

　　58. Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on __________.

　　A. his research and analysis B. the expectation of other scientists

　　C. some former theory

　　D. a major cause of climate change

　　3.阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、 B、 C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　I have a friend named Monty Roberts. He has let me use his horse ranch （养马场） to put on events to raise money for Youth-at-Risk Programs.

　　Last time I was there he introduced me by saying, "I want to tell you why I let you use my house.

　　It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of a horse trainer． When he was a senior, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be when he grew up."

　　“That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of owning a horse ranch someday. He put all his heart into the project and wrote about his dream in great detail. He even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of the buildings, stables and the track, and even a detailed floor plan for a 4,000-square-foot house on it.”

　　“The next day, he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later, he received a large red ‘F' on his paper with a note, ‘See me after class.' The boy went to see the teacher and asked why. The teacher told him there was no way for a young boy like him to do that because owning a horse ranch required much money and resources, and then added ‘If you’ll rewrite his paper with another goal, I will reconsider your grade.’”

　　“The boy went home and thought about it long and hard. He asked his father what to do. His father said, ‘Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it’s a very important decision for you.’”

　　“Finally, a week later, the boy turned in the same paper without any change and stated, ‘You can keep the F, and I will never.’”

　　“I tell you this story because you are sitting in my 4,000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper over the fireplace.”

　　"Don’t let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what."

　　51. The teacher gave the boy an “F” because the teacher thought __________.

　　A. he didn’t do a good job in his studies

　　B. he came from a horse trainer’s family

　　C. he described an unpractical goal in his paper

　　D. no young boys desired to possess a horse ranch

　　52. We can infer from the passage that __________.

　　A. the boy was very interested in training horses

　　B. the boy attached great importance to his grade

　　C. the boy's father was not in favor of his decision

　　D. the boy succeeded in turning his dream into reality

　　53. Monty Roberts told the story mainly to __________.

　　A. show people how to own a horse ranch

　　B. tell people how to describe their goals

　　C. encourage people to stick to their dreams

　　D. help the writer raise money for the program

　　54. From the story we can infer the boy was actually __________.

　　A. the author himself

　　B. Monty himself

　　C. Monty’s friend

　　D. the teacher

　　4.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.

　　Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.

　　An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.

　　In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."

　　Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.

　　According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.

　　An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.

　　Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.

　　At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.

　　"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."

　　"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes(模式化形象) and strengthened stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural resistance."

　　The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.

　　Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.

　　72. What can we learn from some recent studies?

　　A. Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.

　　B. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

　　C. Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.

　　D. Interracial lodging does more harm than good.

　　73. What does the Indiana University study show?

　　A.Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.

　　B.Roommates of different races just don't get along.

　　C.Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

　　D.Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.

　　74. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?

　　A.The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

　　B.Students of different races are required to share a room.

　　C.Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

　　D.Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

　　75. What can be inferred from Grace Kao’s saying about interracial lodging?

　　A.Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.

　　B.Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.

　　C.Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.

　　D.It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

　　5.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

　　The 19 th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.

　　Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.

　　So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.

　　The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.

　　The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

　　68. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

　　A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.

　　B. Land in the West was hard to manage.

　　C. Some railroad stops remained underused.

　　D. Land grants went into private hands.

　　69. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

　　A. The use of money and power.

　　B. The transmission of power.

　　C. The conservation of solar energy.

　　D. The selection of an ideal place.

　　70. What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?

　　A. Disapproving.

　　B. Approving.

　　C. Doubtful.

　　D. Cautious.

　　71. Which is the best title for the passage?

　　A. How the Railways Have Affected the West

　　B. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced

　　C. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West

　　D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

　　6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to endure almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.

　　When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the box's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

　　In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the box was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

　　Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can stand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.

　　64. What does the author say about the black box?

　　A. It is an indispensable device on an airplane.　B. The idea for its design comes from a comic book.

　　C. Its ability to avoid disasters is incredible.

　　D. It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.

　　65. What does the underlined word in the 3rd paragraph mean?　A. witness

　　B. experience

　　C. resist　

　　D. ensure66. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

　　A. New materials became available by that time.

　　B. Too much space was needed for its installation.

　　C. The early models didn't provide the needed data.

　　D. The early models often got damaged in the crash.

　　67. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

　　A. There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.

　　B. There is still a good chance of their being recovered.　C. They have stopped sending homing signals.

　　D. They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.

　　试卷答案

　　1.BCDA

　　2.ACBA

　　3.CDCB

　　4.BCAD

　　5.BADC

　　6.ACDB