四川省广安市2014高考英语一轮基础训练题（1）及答案

　　四川省广安市2014高考英语一轮基础训练题（1）及答案

　　People who drink alcohol earn more at their jobs than non-drinkers, according to a US study that highlighted “social capital（社交资本）”gained from drinking.

　　The study concluded that drinkers earn 10-14 percent more than teetotalers, and that men who drink socially bring home an additional seven percent in pay.

　　“Social drinking builds social capital,”said Edward String ham, an economics professor,“Social drinkers are outgoing, building relationships, and keeping in contacts, which results in bigger paychecks.”

　　The researchers said the most likely explanation is that drinkers have a wider range of social contacts that help provide better job and business opportunities.

　　“Drinkers may be able to socialize more with clients and co-workers, giving drinkers an advantage in important relationships. Drinking may also provide individuals with opportunities to learn people, business, and social skills. ”

　　They also said these conclusions provide arguments against policies aimed at controlling alcohol use in university and public places.

　　“Not only do anti-alcohol policies reduce drinkers’ fun, but they may also decrease earnings,”the study said, “One of the consequences of alcohol restrictions is that they push drinking into private behavior. By preventing people from drinking in public, anti-alcohol policies ignores one of the most important aspects of drinking: increased social capital.”

　　The researchers found some differences in the economic effects of drinking among men and women. They concluded that men who drink earn 10 percent more than non-drinkers and women drinkers earn 14 percent more than non-drinkers.

　　However, unlike men, who get a 7 percent income increase from drinking in bars, women drinkers who visit bars frequently do not show higher earnings than those who do not visit bars.

　　17. The underlined word in Paragraph 2 refers to __________

　　A. women drinkers       

　　B. co-workers

　　C. non-drinkers        

　　D. men-drinkers

　　18. What’s the best title of the passage?

　　A. Income Differences Between Drinkers And Non-drinkers

　　B. To Build Social Capital, Drink!

　　C. Anti-alcohol Policy is Not Reasonable

　　D. Drinking Helps Increase Income

　　19. What’s NOT the consequence of anti-alcohol policy ?

　　A. More people drink in private.

　　B. There are less alcohol in universities.

　　C. Drinkers’ income increased because they spend less money on drinking.

　　D. Drinkers get less fun from drinking.

　　20. What can we infer from the result of the study?

　　A. To build social capital, you have no choice but to drink.

　　B. Drinking is a good and common way to increase social capital.

　　C. Drinkers build wider social contacts.

　　D. Drinkers may be provided more opportunities.

　　17—20 CDCB

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　　阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　How often do you travel by plane?

　　How much electricity do you use? These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2 are we responsible for?

　　A new book by Mike Berners Lee (a leading expert in carbon footprint) might be able to help. How Bad are Bananas? The Carbon Footprint of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity used in the brewery, the equipment, the travel and commuting of the beer, and the packaging. It’s amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation. And it’s frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.

　　But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners-Lee’s calculations, it’s clear that a pint (568ml) of locally-brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2, but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign lager from the supermarket.

　　Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. Nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what you’ve had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, it’s 200g. In fact, bananas are good in general because they don’t need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.

　　So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not, for a start, if you cycle, you don’t use your car, and the fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams. And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars traveling at speed. Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!

　　So maybe it’s time for us all to start making some changes. Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please.

　　1. According to Berners-Lee, which of the following produces the most carbon dioxide？

　　A. A pint of imported beer we drink.

　　B. A pint of local beer we drink.

　　C. The bacon we eat before a bike ride.

　　D. A banana we eat before a bike ride.

　　2. Why are bananas good in general?

　　A. They don’t need packaging.

　　B. They provide energy for cycling.

　　C. They produces less CO2.

　　D. They grow naturally.

　　3. The underlined word “brewery” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “___________”

　　A. one of the things from which beer is made

　　B. a machine which makes beer

　　C. a container where beer is stored

　　D. a factory where beer is made

　　4. To make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often ___________.

　　A. calculate the amount of CO2

　　B. cycle to work

　　C. drink more local beer

　　D. buy cheap things from the supermarkets

　　5. What’s the most suitable title for the passage?

　　A. The Carbon Footprint of Everything

　　B. Starting to Make Changes

　　C. Bikes, Beer and Bananas

　　D. How Big Is Your Carbon Footprint?

　　参考答案

　　1-5: ACDBD

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　　If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.

　　Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.

　　The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration （登记） card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.

　　The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.

　　With so many loopholes （漏洞） in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.

　　17. The underlined words in this passage means to “______”.

　　A. be ready to help others        

　　B. make good use of one’s friends

　　C. be a little ahead of others    

　　D. gain something at other’s expense

　　18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare.

　　B. In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you’re living in the hotel.

　　C. The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours.

　　D. The workers are always honest with their working hours.

　　19. We can learn from the passage that ______.

　　A. the Finnish society is of very high moral（道德）level

　　B. there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland

　　C. in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything

　　D. everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves

　　20. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　　A. Life in Finland    

　　B. A Society with “Foolish” People

　　C. What a Life        

　　D. Honest accounts of the Finns

　　17—20DCAB

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　　“The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸的),” say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

　　The lowering of the waters' PH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.

　　These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. “This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira. And we predict the amount of future acidity will be greater than anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years.

　　However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur, but deep－ocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes. Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) may be particularly affected if the water's acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower PH.

　　In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re—considered. “Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing——because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.”

　　17. The ocean is becoming more acidic due to___________.

　　A. the lower water PH value

　　B. the warming atmosphere

　　C. the higher level of CO2 in the air

　　D. the increasing use of oil fuels

　　18. According to Dr Caldeira, ___________.

　　A. ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing

　　B. more oil fuels will be used in the near future

　　C. scientists may predict climate changes with computer models

　　D. the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious

　　19. If the water's acidity level keeps rising, ___________.

　　www.k@s@5@u.com

　　A. ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected

　　B. the water's PH value will become higher and higher

　　C. organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to PH changes

　　D. some disastrous events will occur more often than before

　　20. Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce___________.

　　A. the CO2 absorbed by the ocean

　　B. the amount of greenhouse warming

　　C. the acidity of the ocean

　　D. the gradual release of CO2

　　17~20 CDAB

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