常熟市2014高考英阅读理解语一轮（暑假）训练题（2）及答案

　　常熟市2014高考英阅读理解语一轮（暑假）训练题（2）及答案

　　Skeptics are a stange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.

　　Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special intererts. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.

　　So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

　　Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的”。

　　A critical批判的eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

　　72. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?

　　A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.

　　B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

　　C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

　　D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.

　　73. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s books?

　　A. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

　　B. The book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld.

　　C. The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.

　　D. Industry–funded media present confusing information.

　　74. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_____.

　　A. voice a different opinion

　　B. find fault with Lomborg’s book

　　C. challenge the authority of the media

　　D. point out the value of scientific views.

　　75. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

　　A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.

　　B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.

　　C. To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting information.

　　D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

　　参考答案

　　BAAD

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　　Exercise, such as walking, can reduce the risk of diabetes （糖尿病） in people whose blood sugar is starting to rise．That outcome was shown in a large study．Despite trying hard, those who dieted and worked out lost very little weight．But they did manage to maintain a regular walking program, and fewer of them went on to develop diabetes．

　　Exercise also may reduce the risk of heart disease．There seems to be some effect: Most of the heart protection appears to be realized by walking regularly．More intense exercise has been shown to provide only slightly greater benefits．

　　Active people are much less likely to smoke; they’re thinner and they eat differently than people who are less active．They also tend to be more educated, and education is one of the strongest predictors of good health in general and a longer life．As a result, it is impossible to know with confidence whether exercise prevents heart disease or whether people who are less likely to get heart disease are also more likely to be exercising．

　　Still, in rigorous studies in which elderly people were assigned either to exercise or maintain their normal routine, the exercisers were less likely to fall, perhaps because they got stronger or developed better balance．Exercise may prevent broken bones—but only indirectly．

　　And what about weight loss? Lifting weights builds muscles but will not make you burn more calories．Jack Wilmore, an exercise physiologist at Texas A & M University, calculated that the average amount of muscle that men gained after a serious 12-week weight-lifting program was 2 kilograms, or 4．4 pounds．That added muscle would increase the metabolic rate （代谢率） by only 24 calories a day．

　　Exercise alone, in the absence of weight loss, has not been shown to reduce blood pressure．Nor does it make much difference in cholesterol （胆固醇） levels．Weight loss can lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but if you want to lose weight, you have to diet as well as exercise．Exercise alone has not been shown to bring sustained weight loss．Just ask Steven Blair, an exercise researcher at the University of South Carolina．He runs every day and even runs marathons．But, he adds, “I was short, fat and bald when I started running, and I’m still short, fat and bald．Weight control is difficult for me．I fight the losing battle．”

　　The difficulty, Dr．Blair says, is that it’s much easier to eat 1,000 calories than to burn off 1,000 calories with exercise．As he relates, “An old football coach used to say, ‘I have all my assistants running five miles a day, but they eat 10 miles a day．’”

　　5．In the case of Steven Blair, running does ______ to his weight control．

　　A．little B．much C．good D．harm

　　6．The last paragraph of the text tells us that the problem is that people tend to ______?

　　A．burn off 1,000 calories in a day B．use more energy than they get

　　C．get more energy than they use D．run five miles in a football game

　　7．Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　A．Exercise can certainly prevent heart disease．

　　B．Exercise alone can not reduce blood pressure．

　　C．Lifting weight can directly prevent broken bones．

　　D．Walking can not reduce blood sugar in people．

　　8．According to the text, the more educated one is, the ______．

　　A．less exercise one will take B．stronger and thinner one will be

　　C．more cigarettes one will smoke D．healthier one will generally be

　　参考答案

　　5-8 ACBD

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　　阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　My friends, Emma Daniels, spent the summer of 1974 traveling in Israel. During her monthlong stay in Jerusalem she often went to a café called Chocolate Soup. It was run by two men, one of whom – Alex – used to live in Montreal. One morning when Emma went in for coffee, while chatting with her new friend Alex, she mentioned that she had just finished the book she was reading and had nothing else to read. Alex said he had a wonderful book she might like, and that he’d be happy to lend it to her. As he lived just above the café, he quickly ran up to get it. The book he handed to Emma just minutes later was Markings, a book by a former Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).

　　Emma had never read it, nor had she ever bought a copy. But, when she opened

　　It up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover in her own handwriting（笔迹）.It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange（交换）addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack(背包) and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later moved to Jerusalcm, he took the book along.

　　1. Alex lent Emma the book, Markings,

　　A. to show his friendliness to her

　　B. to show his interest in reading

　　C. to tell her about the importance of UN

　　D. to let her write her name and address inside

　　2. How did Emma feel the moment she opened the book?

　　A. Pleased.

　　B. Satisfied.

　　C. Worried.

　　D. Surprised.

　　3. We can learn from the text the Californian

　　A. met Emma at a concert

　　B. invited Emma to a concert

　　C. introduced Emma to his friend

　　D. left Emma his backpack

　　4. Who was supposed to be the first owner of the book?

　　A. An official of the UN.

　　B. A coffee shop owner.

　　C. A friend of the author’s.

　　D. Alex’s friend from California.

　　1--4ADAD

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　　B

　　May: Happenings from the Past

　　May 5, 1884

　　Isaac Murphy, son of a slave and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history, rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby. He becomes the first rider ever to win the race three times.

　　May 9, 1754

　　Benijamin Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette produces perhaps the first American political cartoon(漫画)，showing a snake cut in pieces with the words “John or Die ” printed under the picture.

　　May 11, 1934 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

　　The first great dust storm of the Great Plains Dust Bowl, the result of years of drought(干旱)，blows topsoil all the way to New York City and Washington, D.C.

　　May 19, 1994

　　Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, form first lady and one of the most famous people of the 1960s, died of cancer in New York City at the age of 64.

　　May 24,1844

　　Samuel F.B. Morse taps out the first message, “What hath God wrought,” over the experimental long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington,D.C., to Baltimore, Md.

　　5. We know from the text that Buchanan is

　　A. Isaac’s father

　　B. a winning horse

　　C. a slave taking care of horse

　　D. the first racing horse in Kentucky

　　6. What is the title of the first American political cartoon?

　　A. Join or Die

　　B. Pennsylvania Gazette

　　C. What Hath God Wrought

　　D. Kentucky Derby

　　7. In which year did the former first lady Jacqueline die?

　　A. 1934

　　B.1960

　　C. 1964

　　D. 1994

　　8. Which of the following places has to do with the first telegram in history?

　　A. Washing, D.C.

　　B. New York City.

　　C. Kentucky.

　　D. Pennsylvania.

　　5—8、BADA

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　　C

　　When I learned that my 71-year-old mother was playing Scrabble – a word game – against herself, I knew I had to do something. My husband suggested we give her a computer to play against. I wasn’t sure my mother was ready for it. After all, it had taken 10 years to persuade her to buy an electric cooker. Even so, we packed up our old computer and delivered it to my parents’ home. And so began my mother’s adventure in the world of computers.

　　It also marked the beginning of an unusual teaching task for me. I’ve taught people of all ages, but I never thought I would be teaching my mother how to do anything. She has been the one teaching me all my life: to cool and sew; to enjoy the good times and put up with the bad. Now it was my turn to give something back. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

　　It wasn’t easy at the beginning. There was so much to explain and to introduce. Slowly but surely, my mother caught on, making notes in a little notebook. After a few months of Scrabble and other games, I decided it was time to introduce her to word processing(文字处理). This proved to be a bigger challenge(挑战) to her, so I gave her some homework I asked her to write me a letter, using different letter types, colors and spaces.

　　“Are you this demanding with your kindergarten pupils?” she asked.

　　“No, of course not,” I said. “They already know how to use a computer.”

　　My mother isn’t the only one experiencing a fast personal growth period. Thanks to the computer, my father has finally got over his phone allergy(过敏反应). For as long as I can remember, any time I called, my mother would answer. Dad and I have had more phone conversations in the last two months than we’ve had in the past 20 years. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

　　9. What does the author do?

　　A. She is a cook.

　　B. She is a teacher.

　　C. She is a housewife.

　　D. She is a computer engineer.

　　10. The author decided to give her mother a computer

　　A. to let her have more chances to write letters

　　B. to support her in doing her homework

　　C. to help her through the bad times

　　D. to make her life more enjoyable

　　11. The author asked her mother to write her a letter

　　A. because her mother had stopped using the telephone

　　B. because she wanted to keep in touch with her mother

　　C. so that her mother could practice what she had learned

　　D. so that mother could be free from housework

　　12. After the computer was brought home, the author’s father

　　A. lost interest in cooking

　　B. took more phone calls

　　C. played more games

　　D. began to use it

　　9—12、BDCB

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