2017高考英语备考复习课件：非谓语动词6

　　12. When _____( walk ) in the park, Mathilde met with her old friend. 13. While_____( criticize ),she cried. 14. She came earlier than _____( expect). 15. Everything goes well as _____( plan ). 16. She still made the same mistakes

　　though ____( tell) several times. 18. ____( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.

　　19. The doctor did everything he could _____( save ) the patient. 20. _____(improve )his English, Wang Ling works much harder. 21. _____( tell ) you the truth, I dislike maths.

　　作目的、结果状语的区别：

　　22. Li Ming works hard

　　_____( pass ) the

　　exams. 23. Li Ming works hard _____( try ) to pass

　　the exams. 25. He returned home _____( find ) the house broken into. 26. His father died, _____( leave ) him nothing but debts. 27. Football is played over a century, _____( make ) it popular. 28. Bees suck honey into their stomachs, ____( get ) thicker and thicker.

　　判断下列对或错： 1. Seen from the hill, the city looks more

　　beautiful. 2. Having had dinner, the dishes were

　　washed. 3. Leaving at home, the little girl felt much

　　afraid. 将上列1-18句分词部分改成从句： B)伴随状语 1. The boy lay in bed, _____( listen ) to music. 2. It’s a bad habit to talk to others, ____( look ) aside. 3. The professor entered the room, _____( follow ) by his assistants. 4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, ____( add ) that he had enjoyed his stay here. 5. The boy stood in front of the teacher,

　　_____( criticize).

　　独立主格结构

　　（ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）

　　A) 1. Today ____( be ) Sunday, the library doesn’t open. 2. There _____( be ) no buses, we had to walk home. 3. The signal _____( give ), the bus started. 4. Weather ____ ( permit ), we’ll visit the Great Wall. 5. A teacher from England ____( teach ) us English, we’re sure to learn it well.

　　B) 6. With him ____( give ) us a lead, our team is to win. 7. With the worker ____( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village. 8. Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody ____( stop ) them. 9. He was looking at the screen again, with the machine ____( turn ) on. 10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _____( stare ) at her. 11. Now the patient could walk with the nurse ____( support ) him. 12. With the machinery _____( do ) all the work, we finished the task last month. 13. She lay on the grass with her eyes _____( close ). 14. You might catch a cold with your feet _____( expose).

　　3.现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：

　　Whomflns +sb do (经常性动作)

　　+sb doing sth.（正在进行）

　　+sth done（被动）

　　1.I used to see these boys ____( play ) on the playground.

　　2. I saw them _____( play ) the computer this afternoon. 3. Have you _____( heard ) this song _____( sing ) before? 4. She was surprised to find the house _____( break ) into when she went back home.

　　5. Unfortunately, he got his wallet

　　_____( steal ) on the bus.

　　6.

　　We are interested in hearing him

　　_____( tell ) us the news.

　　7.

　　He won’t have us _____( criticize ) him. 8.

　　It’s a bad habit to leave the work ______( undo ). 9.

　　Yesterday I caught him _____ ( take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom. 10. He found his hometown _____.

　　A. greatly changed B. had greatly changed

　　C. greatly changing

　　D. had greatly been

　　changed 4. 分词作定语(不定式作定语）： A) 1. Do you know the man _____ (speak ) at the meeting? 2. Do you know the man _____ ( praise ) at the meeting? 3. The building _____( put ) up last year is our library. 4. The building _____( put ) up now will be our new company.

　　5. The building _____( put ) up next year will be our new company. 6. There was an old temple _____ ( stand ) at the top of the hill. 7. There is a sports meeting _____ ( hold ) next Tuesday. 8. There was an old man ______( live ) in the village. B) 1.He was the first person _____ (come) to the classroom this morning. 2.The only thing _____ (get )is the diamond necklace. 3.Everything _____ (do ) needs praising. 4. Do you have anything____( say )? 5. Here are some books for you _____( read ). 5. 作定语时， 单个分词放在前面， 分词

　　短语放在后面。（注意语态） 1. The _____( surprise) news made us _____ (surprise). 2. The _____ ( interest ) man, Chaplin, interested us all. 3. The _____( excite ) football match attracted many football funs. 4. There appeared a _____( worry ) look on his face. 5. She tried to hide her _____( dissatisfy) expression in public. 6. The man _____ (stand) at the door is Tom.

　　注意：现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。

　　1. The teacher criticized the student who

　　had broken the window.

　　2. Yesterday, mother told me an event

　　which happened five years ago.

　　a sleeping baby

　　a sleeping car 使役性动词disappoint / excite / surprise / move / interest / puzzle… (Vt.) + sb. 1.

　　The game _____ (interest) boys. ?

　　The boys are ___________ the game.

　　The game is _______.

　　I wonder why football _____ boys.

　　A. has interested

　　B. is interested in

　　C. interesting

　　D. interested 2.

　　a _____ (wound) soldier;

　　_____ (excite) news 3.

　　a disappointing voice;

　　a disappointed voice 4.

　　_____ (excite) at the news, the boys rushed to watch the game. 5.

　　_____ (Fill) with joy, I started off.

　　不定式的时态与语态：

　　1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。

　　I saw him go out.

　　I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.

　　2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。

　　I’m very glad to be working with you.

　　3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

　　I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

　　The article is said to have been read by many people.

　　不定式作独立成分

　　To tell (you) the truth, he doesn’t agree with you.

　　To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful city.

　　不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。

　　He didn’t know what to say.

　　How to solve the problem is important.

　　My question is when to start.

　　动名词 动名词 1．动名词作主语 A)

　　1. ______( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. ______( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. ______( help ) others is our duty. 4. ______( see ) is believing. 5. ______( sit ) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised.

　　It作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型常用动名词： It is + no good (no use, fun, a waste of time)

　　+doing… 如：

　　1.

　　It’s no use ______( sit ) here waiting.

　　2.

　　Is it any good ______( tell ) him the truth?

　　3.

　　It is great fun _____ (play) golf.

　　不定式与动名词的区别：

　　不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：

　　It’s no good eating too much fat.

　　It’s no good for you to eat so much fat.

　　B) 关于逻辑主语的问题

　　1. ______to the meeting surprised all of the boards.

　　A. Mike coming

　　B. Mike came

　　C. Mike comes

　　D. Mike’s coming

　　2. It’s no use _______ that you didn’t know the

　　rules.

　　A. you pretend

　　B. you pretending

　　C. your pretending

　　D. your pretend

　　Change the following into the simple sentences. That Peter didn’t attend the meeting made it put off. 2．动名词作表语

　　1. Her work is ______( look ) after the

　　children.

　　2. My aim is ______( go ) to TsingHua

　　University.

　　3. One of my bad habits is ______(bite )

　　nails（指甲）.

　　动名词作表语与主语是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。

　　3．动名词作宾语

　　mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承认)，advise, appreciate=enjoy, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, etc.

　　以及介词后接动名词doing

　　1.

　　He was in low spirits and even considered

　　_____( go ) away. 2.

　　Practise _____( put ) your hand to the ground. 3.

　　I can’t help ______( have ) the trip to Britain. 4.

　　Don’t tell me you always escape _____( fine) because you have a fast sports car. 5.

　　Leave off ______( bite ) your nails! 6.

　　He didn’t feel like ______( work ), so he suggested _____( spend ) the day in the garden. 7.

　　You certainly mustn’t miss _______( see ) the wonderful film.

　　8.

　　The doctor advised ______( stay ) longer in hospital.

　　9.

　　Michael has delayed ______( write ) to her till today. 10.

　　The law forbids ______( sell )liquor to children. 11.

　　They all suggested ______( give ) more chances. 12.

　　Can you imagine ______( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 13.

　　They built the banks to prevent the area from ______( flood ). 14.

　　Women do mind ______( smoke ) by men. 动名词与不定式的不同含义： 1)

　　be afraid to do

　　不敢、害怕、胆怯去

　　做某事

　　be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现

　　She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper.

　　She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband, for he was ill.

　　2)

　　forget to do sth.

　　忘记去做某事（未做）

　　forget doing sth.

　　忘记做过了某事（已做）

　　The light in the office is off. It was she

　　who turned it off, but she herself forgot

　　_______( turn ) it off.

　　The light in the office is still on. She forgot ______(turn )it off. 3)

　　remember to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）

　　remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）

　　Do you remember ______(meet) me at a party last year?

　　You must remember ______( leave) tomorrow.

　　4)

　　stop to do sth.

　　stop doing sth.

　　5)

　　regret to do sth. 遗憾地说/告诉…

　　regret doing sth. 后悔做了…

　　6)

　　try to do sth.

　　try doing sth.

　　You must try _____( do ) it.

　　Let’s try _____( do ) the work in some other way. 7)

　　mean to do sth.

　　mean doing sth.

　　8)

　　go on to do sth.

　　go on doing sth.

　　9)

　　can’t help doing sth.

　　情不自禁，不禁

　　can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做… …

　　10） permit / allow / advise

　　+ doing sth.

　　+ sb. to do sth.

　　11） start / begin / continue / like / love / hate

　　+ to do sth.

　　+ doing sth.

　　12） S. + want to do sth.

　　S. + want sb. to do sth.

　　S.+ want

　　sth. to be done

　　S. + want + doing / to be done 13） S. + need + to do sth.

　　S. + need + doing / to be done 14） S. + require sb. to do sth.

　　S. + require sth. to be done

　　S. + require + doing / to be done

　　15）S. + is worth + doing

　　动名词在句中是主动的形式，但含有被动的意思。

　　动名词复合结构的一般规则是：

　　1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。

　　Tom’s (His) coming is what we have expected.

　　She didn’t mind Jack/ Jack’s (him/ his) coming here.

　　2. 逻辑主语是无生命的名词：只用名词普通格。

　　Is there any hope of our team winning the match?

　　3. 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词 this,that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时，只有普通格。

　　She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.

　　动名词的时态和语态 1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式

　　We are interested in _____ (play) chess.

　　I’m sorry for not _____ (keep) my promise.

　　但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。

　　On hearing the bad news, she cried.

　　I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time.

　　2）动名词的语态

　　doing

　　? being done

　　having done ? having been done

　　He was afraid of _____ (leave) at home.

　　The house showed no sign of _____ (damage).

　　但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading.

　　分词

　　分 词

　　分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。

　　一般式

　　完成式 现在分词

　　doing

　　having done (Ad.)

　　being done (Att.)

　　having been done 过去分词

　　done 1.分词与动名词作表语时的区别： 1. Our plan is ______( finish ) the task before May. 2. Tom’s job was ______( guard ) the factory. 3. His lecture is ______( interest ), which made us ______( interest ). 4. The situation is ______( encourage). 5. The library is ______ (close) now. 6. If you are badly ____ (hurt), you shouldn’t try to stand up.

　　1.

　　The news is encouraging.

　　（表主语的性质，特征）

　　The glass is broken.

　　(表主语所在的状态）

　　2.

　　The glass is broken.

　　The glass was broken by Tom.

　　（被动语态）

　　2.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别： 分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作,用主动doing / having done，不能发出分词的动作,用被动 done / having been done。作状语时，可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，伴随状况。

　　分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后doing，用一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done。

　　注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。 注2： 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。 注3：有时，”with + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况。 注4:

　　当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词需有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。（见后） A) 1._____(see ) those picture, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an. 2._____( turn ) round, Fanny found a bus driving up. 3._____( water ) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples. 4._____( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot. 5._____( inspire ) by Dr. Chen’s speech, they decided to study maths harder. 6._____( persuade) by my mother, she gladly went there alone.

　　7. Warmly _____( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep. 8. _____( arrive ) at the station, we found the train gone. 9. _____( send ) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils’ exercises. 10._____( surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up. 11.While _____( cross )the street, look out for cars.

　　非谓语动词 1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切成分。 2．形式

　　不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。 动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。 分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。

　　3．语态：

　　必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。

　　逻辑主语能发出该动作

　　（发）

　　逻辑主语不能发出该动作

　　（收）

　　不发不收用结构：

　　动词不定式：用独立结构。

　　动名词：用复合结构。

　　分词：用独立主格结构

　　不定式 1．不定式作主语：

　　Warm up exercises: 1) change the following into the infinitive

　　1. ______( die ) for people is a glorious thing.

　　2. ______( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.

　　3. ______( help ) others is our duty.

　　4. ______( see ) is to believe.

　　5. ______(sit) at the back of the classroom

　　made the students surprised.

　　2) change the sentences above into the ones

　　using “it” as form subject.

　　To die To talk To help To see To sit 3)

　　A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，

　　可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。

　　It is easy for the students to read.

　　It will be a mistake for us to help you. B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是：

　　(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）

　　kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc.

　　It’s kind of

　　you to think so much of us.

　　It’s unwise of

　　him to leave home at once.

　　It ‘s wrong of

　　him to speak bad

　　behind others.

　　It’s wrong of

　　the south to break away from the Union. 2．不定式作表语

　　1. Her work is ______( look ) after the

　　children. 2. My aim is ______( go ) to TsingHua

　　University.

　　3. She seemed ______( think ) about the

　　problem.

　　4. They appeared _________( agree ) with

　　what we said.

　　不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。 to look to go to think to agree 3．不定式作宾语：

　　有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：

　　want, demand, hope, wish, expect; like, hate; start, begin; fail, help, offer, try, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn,

　　agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend, etc.

　　1.

　　They wanted ________( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2.

　　He said he wished __________( be ) a professor. 3.

　　I agreed__________ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4.

　　My daughter preferred _______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5.

　　He had promised ________ ( give ) me a hand. to get to be to go to dance to give 如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词 it作 form object，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 think, find, feel, consider, make…

　　He found it important to study

　　Russian.

　　The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.

　　不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。

　　He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.

　　We have no choice but to wait outside.

　　They could do nothing but ask for help.

　　4.不定式作宾语补足语

　　A)

　　1. I didn’t want my parents ________( help ) me.

　　2. We’d prefer you ____________( take ) the job

　　instead of Zhang. 3. My parents expect me ___________( go ) to an ideal university. 4. The doctor advised the patient ____________

　　( take ) two pills every four hours.

　　5. He determined me______________( tell ) everything. to help to take to go to take to tell

　　B)

　　[watch, hear, observe, feel, listen (to), notice, see, make, let, have(使), etc. ]

　　+ sb. + 动词原形

　　+ sth. + done

　　+sbsth+ doing

　　Notice: 1. get +sbsth +to do

　　2.

　　let + sth. + be done

　　3. 如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。 1.

　　We can’t let this ______(go) on. 2.

　　I will not let my children ______(treat) in that way. 3.

　　John made him ______( tell ) everything. 4.

　　The two boys were sorry indeed to see him ______(go). 5.

　　We felt the house ______( shake) in the earthquake. 6.

　　Do you like listening to other people ______ ( talk )? Have you ever heard him ______( tell ) a lie? 7.

　　Who would you like to have______( go ) with? 8.

　　Who would you like to have ______ (play) the game? 9.

　　What song did you hear ______( sing )? 10.

　　We saw the house ______( burn ) to the ground when we reached there. 5.不定式作定语

　　Change the following into infinitives. 1.

　　He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning. 2.

　　Do you have anything that you want to say? 3.

　　Here are some books that you can read. 4.

　　He thought out a plan _____ (punish) Tom. 5.

　　He is always the last _____ (come) to office . 6.

　　Please give me a knife _____ (cut) the apples

　　with. 作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

　　6.不定式作状语

　　状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果要用不定式。

　　目的状语还可用

　　in order to 或so as to来表示 结果状语还可用

　　so…as to…,

　　such…as to…,

　　enough to…,

　　too…to…,

　　only to…等结构来表示

　　A)Substitution:

　　He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.

　　He got up early_____ _____ _____ catch the first bus.

　　We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely.

　　We must work hard at English _____ _____ ____ contact foreigners freely.

　　He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything.

　　He was______ frightened _______say anything.

　　He was ______ brave ______ ______say anything.

　　He was so young that he could not go to school.

　　He was

　　_____ young _____ go to school.

　　He was not _____ ______ _____ go to school.

　　B) 1. ______(save ) the badly sick lady, the

　　doctor had an operation on her.

　　2. He hurried to the station only _____

　　( find ) the train left.

　　不定式在作表语/ 补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。

　　This question is difficult _____ (answer).

　　Do you think him easy_____ (work) with?

　　We find this rule hard _____ (remember).

　　不定式中作结果状语的注意点：

　　1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing…

　　She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.

　　2）在not, never, only, all, but的

　　“too…to…”结构中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义。

　　I’m only too glad to stay at home.

　　It’s never too old to learn.