2014年牛津译林版高中英语总复习（第1轮）同步练习 M5《Unit 3　Science and nature》

　　Ⅰ.单项填空(7 min.)1. It is bad manners to talk to other person with your fingers ______ others.

　　A. pointing to

　　B. pointing at

　　C. pointing out

　　D. point on

　　2. He ______ his plan for dropping out of the university regardless of his parents opposition.

　　A. pushed along

　　B. pushed ahead with

　　C. pushed for

　　D. pushed forward

　　3. — I keep gaining weight.

　　If you don't watch out, you'll ______ as big as your mother.

　　A. end

　　B. end of

　　C. end up

　　D. end up with

　　4. The boy could not ______ the temptation of the toy train and ______ to leave the shop with his mother.

　　A. persist; rejected

　　B. resist; refused

　　C. persist; refused

　　D. resist; rejected

　　5. Many houses were completely destroyed in the hurricane which struck the area last week. ______， the victims had to live in the temporary shelters offered by the Red Cross.

　　A. As a result of

　　B. As a consequence

　　C. As usual

　　D. As for

　　6. A new report says about two million people a year die from accidents and diseases ______ to their jobs.

　　A. related

　　B. relating

　　C. having related

　　D. being related

　　7. The manager director was to ______ the accident, although it was not his fault.

　　A. be blamed for

　　B. blamed for

　　C. blame on

　　D. be blamed on

　　8. When the headmaster put forward the plan, the ______ of the students in the class ______ against it.

　　A. majority; were

　　B. most; were

　　C. most; did

　　D. majority; did

　　9. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality.

　　A. make up

　　B. figure out

　　C. look through

　　D. put off

　　10. — My room gets very cold at night.

　　?______.

　　A. So is mine

　　B. So mine is

　　C. So does mine

　　D. So mine does

　　a11. Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously ______ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.

　　A. accustomed to

　　B. worried about

　　C. familiar with

　　D. aware of

　　12. Most experts ______ that all these changes will lead to a strong and powerful China, one that can surprise the whole world.

　　A. predict

　　B. guarantee

　　C. urge

　　D. promise

　　13. Research shows that people feel unhappy and worried when they have nothing to do. ______， the happiest are those who are busy.

　　A. In short

　　B. In fact

　　C. As a result

　　D. On the contrary

　　14. Don't miss the musical when it ______ next month because all the actors give world class performances.

　　A. comes

　　B. will come

　　C. is to come

　　D. is coming

　　15. ______ makes some people appear astonishingly youthful while others seem much older than their actual age?

　　A. What it is

　　B. What is it that

　　C. What it is that

　　D. Why it is what

　　Ⅱ.阅读填空(10 min.)(2012·湖南)Since the earliest civilizations, iable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation (航行), cluding widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.

　　An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲),

　　century, there were about 800，000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.

　　Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.

　　Ⅲ.写作(25 min.)(原创)你的室友最近总是心烦睡不着觉你帮助了他(她)共同对付。“宽恕”不喜欢的人的办法……请就此写一篇英语短文。主要内容包括：(1)共同对付的经历；(2)宽恕别人的经过；(3)你的感想。注意： 词数不少于120个；不能使用真实姓名和学。______________________________________________________

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　　v．­ed形式　1. ______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. (2012·北京)2. When ______ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012·安徽)3. The club, ______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. (2012·上海)g founded

　　D. to be founded4. Time, (2012·湖南)5. Right now, over 100 million Americans secretly feel ________ with their lives.

　　A. boring

　　B. bored

　　C. bore

　　D. to bore

　　6. It was almost too easy to live there in my own language, ________ the eagerness of the students to practice their English.

　　A. giving

　　B. given

　　C. to give

　　D. being given

　　7. ________ five years ago, the school is one of the largest international schools in the city.

　　A. Established

　　B. To establish

　　C. Establishing

　　D. Establish

　　8. The unemployment level in May 2011 was 9.1 percent ________ to 9.0 percent in April 2011.

　　A. comparing

　　B. to compare

　　C. compared

　　D. compare

　　9. In December 2006, the number of people ________ was 2.955 million, while in May 2011, it was 2.365 million.

　　A. employ

　　B. employing

　　C. to employ

　　D. employed

　　10. ________ on the weakening education system, the competitive position will be much weaker.

　　A. Based

　　B. Basing

　　C. To base

　　D. Base

　　11. ________ in 2007, the company helps about 150 to 180 Americans each year to find jobs in China.

　　A. Founding

　　B. Founded

　　C. To be founded

　　D. Having founded

　　12. ________ in front of a counter, the two girls describe how they became friends two years ago.

　　A. Seating

　　B. Having seated

　　C. Seated

　　D. To be seated

　　13. They weren't a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and ________ defeat.

　　A. accept

　　B. accepted

　　C. accepting

　　D. to have accepted

　　14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.

　　A. carried out

　　B. carrying out

　　C. carry out

　　D. to carry out

　　15. ________ the road round to the right and you'll find his house.

　　A. Follow

　　B. Following

　　C. To follow

　　D. Followed

　　16. The letter they were looking forward to ________ at last.

　　A. arrived

　　B. arriving

　　C. had arrived

　　D. arrive

　　17. Not far from the school there was a garden, ________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

　　A. its

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　18. “With support from the government, China's development has a lot of potential，” said ________ Chinese Charlie Xiang.

　　A. returned

　　B. returning

　　C. having returned

　　D. to return

　　19. Now Shenzhen is banning electric bicycles, often ________ to as e­bikes, from most of its streets.

　　A. referring

　　B. refer

　　C. referred

　　D. to be referred

　　20. There were 2，000 specially made benches here, all of them ________ from recycled materials.

　　A. created

　　B. were created

　　C. creating

　　D. to be created

　　21. At present, there are more than 11 classes ________ in the program in our school.

　　A. are involved

　　B. involved

　　C. involving

　　D. have been involved

　　22. He is now on a scholarship program at Fudan University, ________ by the Shanghai government.

　　A. fund

　　B. funding

　　C. to fund

　　D. funded

　　23. Hotels were as limited as the university dormitories ________ specifically for foreigners in 1995.

　　A. meaning

　　B. meant

　　C. to mean

　　D. to be meant

　　24. The policy will certainly help in dealing with the difficulties ________ about by having an older population.

　　A. to bring

　　B. bringing

　　C. brought

　　D. being brought

　　25. As a father of two young girls, he knows the difficulties of keeping kids ________.

　　A. to entertain

　　B. entertaining

　　C. entertained

　　D. entertain

　　26. In the reading room, we found her seated at a desk, with her eyes ________ on a book.

　　A. fixing

　　B. fixed

　　C. fix

　　D. to be fixed

　　27. The rare fish, ______ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.(2011·上海)28. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.(2011·浙江)ose

　　D. having lost

　　Unit 3

　　Ⅰ. 1. B　考查短语辨析。句意为：说话时用手指着别人是不礼貌的。point to指向，指着； point at 指着，指向，但多指指着近处的东西；point out 指出。

　　2. B　考查短语辨析。句意为：他不顾父母的反对，毅然按照自己的计划从大学退学了。push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，符合句意。push along 把……推向前；push for 强迫，强求；push forward 继续旅程，前进。

　　3. C　end up 最后成为……，最后处于……；end up with 以……而结束。句意为：如果不留意，你最终就会和你的母亲一样成为大块头。

　　4. B　persist 坚持不懈，常和介词in 连用；reject 拒绝，丢弃，后接名词，不接不定式；refuse拒绝，后接名词或不定式。句意为：那个男孩无法抵制玩具火车的诱惑， 拒绝跟他母亲离开商店。

　　5. B　考查短语辨析。as a result of 由于……的结果，of后需接宾语；as a consequence＝as a result 结果，因此；as usual 跟往常一样；as for 至于。consequence指随之而发生的结果，而result指最后的结果。由句意“许多房屋被昨晚的飓风给摧毁了。结果，受害者不得不住在红十字会提供的临时避难所里。”可知，应选B。

　　6. A　考查非谓语动词的用法。related to their jobs 为过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句that/which are related to their jobs。

　　7. A　考查blame的用法。blame sth.on sb.＝blame sb. for sth. 意为“把某事归咎于某人；因某事责备某人”，此处用的是被动形式，故选A。

　　8. A　the majority of＋可数名词的复数或不可数名词＝ most of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词，故排除B、C两项；由be against 反对，不赞成，可知应选A。

　　9. B　考查短语辨析。figure out 理解，想出；make up 编造，虚构，化妆，补偿； look through 仔细查看，审核，透过……看；put off 推迟，延期。

　　10. C　“so＋助动词或情态动词＋主语”表示“同样，也一样”，“so＋主语＋助动词或情态动词”表示“赞同”。后句句意为：我的房间夜晚也变冷。表示和上面说话者的情况相同。

　　11. D　考查形容词。这里用aware of表示 “知道，意识到”。

　　12. A　从语境看，这里表示专家对中国未来发展的预测，因此选A项，表示 “预测，预料”。B项“担保”；C项“催促”；D项“许诺”。

　　13. B　所给4个介词短语的含义分别为：A项“简单地说”；B项“的确，实际上”；C项“因此，结果是”；D项“(与此)相反，正相反”。本题的语境表示递进关系，用in fact。

　　14. A　考查时态。时间状语next month暗示在when引导的时间状语从句中表示将来的事情。但是，状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来，因此最佳答案为A项。

　　15. B　考查强调结构的特殊疑问句。句意：究竟为什么有些人会看起来年轻得让人吃惊，而另一些人却看起来比实际年龄苍老得多？题干缺少主语，因此如果句首只填一个词时应填what，变为强调结构的特殊疑问句则是What is it that…

　　Ⅱ. 本文主要介绍如何控制河流以及一些具体的做法。此外，对于河流控制中所导致的环境问题等不利因素也有涉及。

　　1. River Control　直接题。依全文尤其是第二段第一句得知这是关于河流控制的问题。

　　2. Reasons　概括题。根据表格右边内容及文章第一段第二句可知。

　　3. supply　改写题。根据第一段第二句： to maintain reliable water supplies for daily“保持每天有可靠的水供应”可知。

　　4. agriculture　改写题。根据第一段第二句中的“agricultural”可知。

　　5. flooding　直接题。根据第一段最后flooding可知。

　　6. deepening　直接题。根据第二段可知。

　　7. stabilizing　改写题。根据第二段最后一句的stabilization of banks “河岸的稳固” 可知。

　　8. shortening　直接题。根据第三段最后一句可知。

　　9. dam construction　直接题。根据表格内容结构及文章第二段： 控制河流取得成效是通过两种方式： channelization “交通渠化” 和construction of dams “修筑水坝”可知。

　　10. the environment　改写题。根据最后一段的第一句： 尽管取得了成就，但是许多水坝也导致重大的环境变化，这些变化证明是有害的。

　　Ⅲ.One possible version：

　　My roommate, Maggie, has been going through some rough times lately. Though she's OK during the day, at bedtime her anxieties grow, and it's hard for her to get to sleep. We talk and practice relaxation exercises. It's a long process, night after night.

　　But this morning Maggie came to me with a smile on her face. “I feel so good! I was lying in bed last night trying to sleep, and then I said the name of each person I don't like and forgave them just for today. I fell asleep quickly！”

　　I smiled widely because although I've sometimes tried to forgive others, it's never occurred to me to approach the matter with that attitude, one day at a time. Maggie's approach is worth a try, especially when the hurt goes deep and I can't predict how I'll feel tomorrow. Of course we want our forgiveness to “stick” and last forever. But sometimes the road to forever is taken one day at a time.

　　v．­ed形式

　　1. C　句意：小心使用，易拉罐可以使用6周。use与a tin之间为动宾关系，为被动，应使用过去分词表被动。

　　2. B　本题考查非谓语动词，逻辑主语是Philip, 还原句子 When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

　　3. A　句中明显是过去时，俱乐部又是被建造，那么既要过去又要被动，选A。

　　4. B　句意：使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。use和主语time的关系是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动意义，相当于一个条件状语从句 if it (time) is used correctly。

　　5. B　句意：如今，美国有一亿人私底下觉得对生活感到厌烦。此处feel为连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。表示情感的动词其­ing形式表示“令人……”；其过去分词表示主语“感到……”。

　　6. B　句意：使用母语在那儿生活非常容易，考虑到那些学生急切地想练习英语。given 实际上已经转化为介词(表示原因)，考虑到。注意题干中too…to…后接easy, ready等表示肯定的用法。

　　7. A　句意：这所学校5年前成立，是本市最大的国际学校之一。主句的主语是the school，与非谓语动词构成被动关系。

　　8. C　句意：与2011年4月的9%相比，2011年5月的失业率为9.1%。“与……相比，比较……而言”， compared to已经成为一个固定短语。

　　9. D　句意：2006年12月，受雇的人为2,955,000人，而2011年5月为2,365,000人。此处employed作定语，修饰前面的名词people。

　　10. A　句意：建立在弱化的教育系统的基础之上，这种竞争的优势会越来越弱。主句的主语就是分词的逻辑主语，与分词比较是被动的含义。

　　11. B　句意：公司建立于2007年，每年都帮助150到180名美国人在中国找到工作。主句主语为the company，与分词是被动关系。

　　12. C　句意：坐在柜台钱，两个女孩描述了两年以前交上朋友的情形。根据主句的主语the two girls可知，如果用动词sit的话，应该用sitting，也就是主动形式，但是seat与sit相反，正好是被动的。

　　13. A　容易误选B，误认为 accepted 与谓语 refused 并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词 accept 与 give 并列。

　　14. A　此题结构比较复杂，语言基础较差的学生可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的：that they would like to see _________ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句，而在这个定语从句中，关系代词 that (指先行词 the plan)用作动词 see 的宾语，所以定语从句的本来面目便是 they would like to see the plan ________ the next year。显然，其中的 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故应填过去分词 carried out。

　　15. A　此题容易误选B或C，许多同学一看选项就想当然地认为，选现在分词表示时间或伴随，选不定式表目的。此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即 and 前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即 and 前是一个祈使句。

　　16. A　对于此题，基础稍差的同学可能选D，认为空格前的 to 是不定式符号，所以后接动词原形；基础稍好的同学可能会选B，知道 look forward to 是短语，意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动名词；只有基础扎实、语感好、而且细心的同学才会选A。因为句子的正解分析是：the letter 为句子主语，they were looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略)，arrived 是句子谓语。

　　17. A　此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B(当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B)。所以此题最佳答案选A。

　　18. A　句意：“有了政府的支持，中国的发展有着无限的潜力”海归的中国人Charlie Xiang说。不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示已经完成。分词的完成式作定语。

　　19. C　句意：现在深圳在许多街道上禁止电动单车，也就是常说的电瓶车。短语refer to sth. as… 把某物当成……。此处用其过去分词作定语相当于which is referred。

　　20. A　句意：这儿有两千条特制长椅，都是用回收的材料做成的。这是一个独立主格结构，all of them是逻辑主语，由于与动词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。如果选B的话，则后面要有并列连词，与前一句构成并列句。

　　21. B　句意：目前，我们学校有11个班级参与了这个项目。involved为过去分词作定语修饰前面的名词classes。

　　22. D　句意：他正参加一个由上海市政府提供资金，设在复旦大学的学术项目。过去分词作定语修饰名词program，这个项目被提供资金的。

　　23. B　句意：在1995年，宾馆就如同专为外国人准备的大学寝室一样是有限的。这本是一个短语be meant for本为……准备的。此题中是用其过去分词作定语，修饰名词dormitories。

　　24. C　句意：这种政策会有利于对付因人口老龄化所带来的一系列问题。过去分词作后置定语表示“被动的，已经完成的”动作。

　　25. C　句意：作为两个小女孩的父亲，他懂得让孩子快乐的艰辛。此处过去分词作宾语补足语。

　　26. B　句意：在阅览室，我们发现她坐在椅子上，双眼盯着一本书。考查with后的宾语补足语。原词组为fix one's eyes on/upon sth. 故选B。

　　27. A　主句的主语fish是“被救”。

　　28. B　动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，修饰名词themselves。此处表示“找不到合适的语言”