【外研英语，七省专用】2014《走向高考》英语一轮总复习（2016春出版）第一部分 教师讲义手册：选修八8-5

　　选修八　Module 5 　 The Conquest of the Universe

　　Maybe many people know the universe is very big. Some scientists thought the universe seems to be rapidly expanding its component galaxies moving ever farther apart. So it's very big. There are many heavenly bodies in the universe. If you stand in space, you will see many beautiful stars, like sun and other planets.

　　And then, let's recognize our solar system. There are eight planets in our solar system. They're Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The Sun is very hot. Its surface is 5,600℃. Its gravitation is very strong. So the Earth goes around the Sun. And the Earth is our home. We're living on the Earth, and it is the most beautiful in the solar system. It has lots of water and plants. And the moon is the Earth's partner. It goes around the Earth. And other planets are very far from the Earth. So the people can't reach

　　them and none of them has an environment with air. The people also can't live in them. Finally, let's see in the sky in the night. There is much beautiful and magic view in the universe.

　　1．教材原句：

　　(江苏高考)．.., people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.

　　真题呈现

　　—They are quiet, aren't they?

　　—Yes. They are accustomed________at meals.

　　A．to talk　B．to not talk

　　C．to talking

　　D．to not talking

　　考题巧解　D　be accustomed to“习惯，适应”，相当于be used to，其后接动名词作宾语，由句意可知，需用动名词的否定式，故选D。

　　2．教材原句：

　　...a stable balance of the Yin and Yang forces to human beings and the environment.

　　真题呈现

　　(湖北高考)Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a ________ environment.

　　A．peaceful

　　B．sensitive

　　C．common

　　D．stable

　　考题巧解　D　stable“稳定的，稳固的”，显然这里指“创造一个稳定的环境”。

　　(Ⅰ)单词速记

　　A．联想记忆法

　　1．historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的→________ history 在历史上

　　2．witness v．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历→witness ________ sth.作证

　　3．burst v．爆炸→burst ________ doing 突然……起来

　　4．random adj.任意的；随机的→________random随便；任意

　　5．accuse v．指责→accuse sb.________sth.因某事指控某人

　　6．swear v．起誓保证→swear sb.________使某人宣誓就职

　　7．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛→________one's sorrow令人悲痛的是

　　8．latter n．(刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个；adj.后期的，末期的→________latter(已提及的两者中之)后者→the ________前者

　　9．sympathy n．同情；同情心→feel great sympathy ________ sb.对某人深表同情

　　10．rational adj.理智的；合理的→________adj.(同义词)合情合理的

　　答案：1.in　2.to　3.out　4.at　5.of　6.in　7.to　8.the；former　9.for　10.reasonable

　　B．构词记忆法

　　1．consult v．咨询；请教→________n．顾问，咨询者

　　2．assume v．假定，设想→________n．假定，设想

　　3．patience n．耐心→________adj.耐心的→________adv.耐心地

　　4．advanced adj.高级的，先进的→________v．前进；进步；促进，推动；n.前进；进展

　　5．depend v．依靠；取决于→________n．依靠，依赖→________adj.依靠的，依赖的

　　6．glory n．光荣；荣誉→________adj.光荣的；壮丽的；极其令人愉快的；晴朗的

　　答案：1.consultant　2.assumption 3.patient；patiently　4.advance　5.dependence；dependent　6.glorious

　　(Ⅱ)短语突破

　　1.不管

　　2．____________one's aid 帮助某人

　　________aid of 为了帮助某事物/某人

　　3．accuse sb.________ doing sth.指责某人某事

　　charge sb.________sth.控告某人某事

　　4．________ the intention of 打算……；以……的目的

　　aim ________力求达到；力争做到

　　5．set ________ motion使某物开始

　　motion____________sb. 突然攻击/袭击某人

　　6．________ random order 随机地；随意地

　　________ random随意地

　　7．get/be accustomed ________习惯于

　　develop a habit ________养成……习惯

　　8．be ________ with 与……一致

　　agree ________同意；与……一致

　　答案：1.of；regardless　2.come to；in　3.of；with　4.with；at　5.in；on/upon　6.in；at　7.to；of　8.consistent；with

　　(Ⅲ)句型总结

　　经典句型

　　1．By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world ______________________________(好像失去了害怕和惊奇)at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.

　　2．The world was in shock－maybe they assumed this space flight would be ______________________________(跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险)．

　　3．Then，little more than a minute after take­off，we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky，__________________________(紧接着是一团白烟)．

　　4．__________________________(尽管我们有先进的技术)，the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.

　　5．...________________________(他一点也不知道)what impact he was going to make.

　　6．______________________(尽管看起来不可思议)，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption....

　　答案：1.seemed to have lost its fear and wonder

　　2．no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane

　　3．followed by a cloud of white smoke

　　4．In spite of all our advanced technology

　　5．little did he know

　　6．Incredible as it may seem

　　典句仿写

　　as表示“虽然”时，从句用倒装

　　仿写：尽管他是个孩子，但他不得不养活一大家人。

　　_________________________________________________

　　答案：Child as he is，he has to support a large family.

　　(Ⅳ)教材设问

　　1．American Neil Armstrong becomes the first man ________ the moon.

　　A．setting foot onB．to set foot on

　　C．set foot on

　　D．sets foot on

　　2．All three astronauts made it safety back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than ______ used by the average school students today.

　　A．the ones

　　B．ones

　　C．that D．the those

　　3．People were no longer so ________ about a space travel programme that was costing the United States $10 million a day.

　　A．worried

　　B．anxious

　　C．interested

　　D．enthusiastic

　　4．We didn't have much ________ waiting for the launch.

　　A．time

　　B．energy

　　C．patience

　　D．difficulty

　　1．accustomed adj. 习惯的；适应的

　　搭配

　　be accustomed to (doing) sth.

　　＝be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)

　　get/become accustomed to (doing)sth.

　　＝get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)

　　①We were_accustomed_to working together.

　　我们习惯于一起工作。

　　②My eyes slowly got_accustomed_to the dark.

　　我的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。

　　知识拓展

　　accustom vt. 使……习惯于

　　accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于某事

　　即学即用

　　完成句子

　　他使自己尽可能快地习惯于新的生活。

　　He quickly ____________________ this new way of life.

　　生活的最大悲剧不是失败，而是一个人已经习惯于失败。

　　The greatest tragedy of life is not the failure, but ____________________ failure.

　　答案：accustomed himself to　becoming/being accustomed to

　　2．assume vt. 假定，假设；承担；呈现，假装

　　知识拓展

　　assume that 假定，认为……

　　assume...to be... 认为……是；假定……是

　　assume the duty/responsibility 承担责任

　　assuming that 假定……(作状语)

　　①I assume_that the present situation is going to continue.

　　我认为目前的情况将会继续下去。

　　②He will assume_his_new_responsibilities next month.

　　他下月将承担新任务。

　　③Assuming_that it is true, what should we do now?

　　假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？

　　即学即用

　　I________________________________an honest man.

　　我认为他是一个诚实的人。

　　3．acknowledge vt. 承认；告知(收到)；感谢

　　知识拓展

　　It is universally acknowledged that...……是大家公认的

　　acknowledge oneself beaten 承认失败

　　acknowledge sb.'s letter 向某人表示信已收到

　　acknowledge help 对相助表示感谢

　　acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢

　　no acknowledgement of... 没有得到……的答复

　　in acknowledgement of sb.'s help 对某人的帮助表示感谢

　　①Do you acknowledge that you've been wrong?

　　你承认是你错了吗？

　　She wants to acknowledge you as her daughter.

　　她想承认你是她的女儿。

　　It_is_universally_acknowledged that Taiwan is part of China.

　　台湾是中国的一部分这是大家所公认的。

　　④The shipping company acknowledged the receipt of the goods to be shipped.

　　船运公司表示所运货物业已收到。

　　即学即用

　　We________with thanks your timely aid when we were in trouble.

　　A．attributed

　　B．knowledge

　　C．acknowledged

　　D．promised

　　答案：C　句意：“我们非常感谢您在我们困难时期给予的及时的帮助。”由句意可知选C。

　　4．accuse vt. 指控，控告，指责

　　知识拓展

　　accuse sb. of... 指控某人……

　　the accused 【律】被告，刑事被告

　　accusation n. 指控，控告；指责

　　链接：scold sb. for sth. 因某事指责某人

　　blame sth. on sb. 把……归咎于某人

　　rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物

　　rid...of... 清除……

　　warn sb. of sth. 提醒、警告某人某事

　　remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事

　　辨析：accuse, charge

　　二者都含“控告”、“谴责”的意思。

　　1)accuse指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”。

　　2)charge指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”。

　　注意：二者的用法搭配不同：accuse sb. of sth.; charge sb. with sth.

　　①She accused him of stealing her watch.

　　她控告他偷她的表。

　　②He was_accused_of murder.有人指控他谋杀。

　　③The accusation against him was groundless.

　　对他的控告是没有根据的。

　　即学即用

　　选词填空

　　accuse；charge

　　①His neighbor ________ him of playing the piano too loudly.

　　②The police are going to ________ him with murder.

　　5．relief n. 减轻；免除；救济；宽慰，安慰

　　知识拓展

　　to one's relief 使某人感到宽慰的是

　　relief fund 救济金

　　emergency relief 紧急救济

　　give relief to sb.'s sorrow 减轻某人的悲伤

　　by way of relief 作为调剂

　　relieve vt. 减轻；换班；救济；调剂

　　relieve one's feelings 发泄感情

　　relieve sb. of sth. 替某人拿；解除某人的职位

　　Morning brought no relief to the situation.

　　早晨，形势仍未见缓和。

　　Relief was quickly sent to the people who suffered in the earthquake.

　　救济物资迅速送到了在地震中受灾的群众的手中。

　　③He breathed a sigh of relief.

　　他宽心地呼了一口气。

　　The general was_relieved of his command.

　　这位将军的指挥权被解除了。

　　即学即用

　　It was________to me to find the children safe.

　　A．belief

　　B．relief

　　C．chief

　　D．kerchief

　　答案：B　句意：“发现孩子们很安全我放心了。”relief“宽慰”。

　　6．consult v. 商量，磋商；咨询；请教；查阅

　　搭配

　　consult with sb. 同某人商量

　　consult sb. about sth.

　　咨询某人关于某事；就某事向某人征求意见

　　consult a doctor 找医生看病

　　consult

　　①He paused to consult_his_notes,_and then proceeded with his questions.

　　他停下来看了看笔记，然后继续提问。

　　②The President consulted_with European leaders before talking action.

　　采取行动前，总统与欧洲领导人进行了商谈。

　　③You had better consult_a_doctor soon.

　　你最好快点去看医生。

　　图解助记

　　即学即用

　　Before making any decision, ________ your family to find out which activities are most important to you.

　　A．consult

　　B．contact

　　C．content

　　D．concern

　　7．in spite of 尽管；不顾；不管

　　知识拓展

　　in spite of＝despite (prep.) 尽管；不管

　　in spite of the fact that 不管这个事实

　　regardless of 不管，不顾

　　提示：in spite of＝despite是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词作让步状语；although/though/as是从属连词，后跟句子作让步状语。

　　In_spite_of all his efforts, he failed in the exam.

　　尽管他很努力，但是还是没有通过考试。

　　②In_spite_of the heavy snow, he drove downtown.

　　尽管下着大雪，他还是开车去了城里。

　　He went out_in_spite_of the rain.

　　尽管下着雨，他还是出去了。

　　即学即用

　　单句改错

　　Though great efforts, we failed to carry out our plan through.

　　_________________________________________________

　　________ the cold weather, the volunteers came to clean the street as usual.

　　A．In spite of

　　B．Though

　　C．Although

　　D．Regardless of

　　8．Incredible_as_it_may_seem,_both the observations of science and the evidence of our eye lead to the inescapable assumption...

　　尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出这个设想……

　　该句中的让步状语从句采用的是倒装结构，原句＝Although it may seem incredible...

　　知识拓展

　　1)as引导让步状语从句时应用部分倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。

　　2)though引导的让步状语从句也可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，也可不倒装，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。

　　①Hard_as_steel_is,_it will bend or break under the action of a strong force.

　　虽然钢很硬，但在强外力的作用下也会弯曲或断裂。

　　Scientist_as_she_is,_she wants to learn more.

　　虽然她是一位科学家，但她还是很好学。

　　Object_as_you_may,_I'll speak at the meeting.

　　即使你反对我也要在会上发言。

　　即学即用

　　完成句子

　　Poor ________ he is, he is honest.

　　他尽管穷，但很正直。

　　________ as I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.

　　虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。

　　③________ as he might, he could not lock the door.

　　不管他怎样努力，他还是锁不上门。

　　答案：as/though　Much　Try

　　单元语法精讲精练

　　　名词性从句

　　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种从句结构：以that引导的从句；以whether/if引导的从句；以特殊疑问词引导的从句；以what等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句。此外as if/though也可引导表语从句。

　　即学即用

　　Most of ________ we call geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort.

　　A．whom

　　B．who

　　C．which

　　D．what

　　答案：D　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，从句“________we call geniuses”作介词of的宾语，从句中的谓语动词call后又接了一个复合宾语，但在复合宾语中又缺少宾语。因此设空处的连接词应是引导了一个名词性从句来作介词的宾语。故此处用what，意为“所……的人”。