2017高考四川省广安市英语阅读理解一轮系列训练：24（含解析）

　　广安市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（24）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　“America’s No.1 Health Problem.” So reads the headline of an article published by the American Institute of Stress that claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS. The report says: “It has been estimated（估计）that 75 to 90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress related problems.”

　　It is no exaggeration（夸张）to say that people today are being attacked by stress. According to the National Consumers League, “Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).”

　　However, stress is hardly unique to the United States. A British survey in 2005 estimated that “over half a million individuals in Britain believed in 2004 that they were experiencing work-related stress at a level that was making them ill.” As a result of “work-related stress, depression or anxiety,” there are “an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in Britain.”

　　The picture is no less bleak in mainland Europe. According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, “work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of European workers across all types of employment sectors.” One survey revealed that there are “about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year.”

　　What about Asia? A report issued by a conference held in Tokyo concluded: “Job stress is a common concern among many countries in the world, both developing and industrialized countries.” The report observed that “several countries in East Asia, including China and Korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown. These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers’ health.”

　　1. The author quoted “America’s No.1 Health Problem.” (Para. 1) in order to ______.

　　A. talk about health problems in America

　　B. introduce the topic of stress

　　C. emphasize the stress in America

　　D. tell readers something about American Institute of Stress

　　答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。本文的内容是为了揭示世界上人们的工作压力非常大，对健康造成了威胁，因此作者在开头使用“America’s No.1 Health Problem”是为了引入压力的话题，故答案为B。

　　2. From the passage we can learn that

　　.

　　A. both cancer and AIDS are not as serious as the threat of stress to health

　　B. stress is mainly from working and living pressure

　　C. Americans never care about international conflict and terrorism

　　D. people in mainland Europe are more optimistic than English people

　　答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第二段 “Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).” 可知，工作和家庭生活中的压力比重最大，故B选项正确，C选项错误。

　　由第一段 “America’s No.1 Health Problem.” So reads the headline of an article published by the American Institute of Stress that claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS.”可知，癌症和艾滋病没有压力带给健康的威胁那么严重的情况是在美国，不具有普遍性，故A选项错误。第三段揭示了英国人的工作压力非常大，第四段的首句理解是关键 “The picture is no less bleak in mainland Europe.” 意为“欧洲大陆的情况依旧不容乐观”，故D选项错误。

　　3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.

　　A. Asian people are more willing to develop their countries

　　B. the rapid economic development is the main reason for stress

　　C. some people in Asian countries have health problems from employment stress

　　D. Asian countries have a better situation of stress than Europe

　　答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。最后一段揭示了亚洲的压力情况，由该段的最后一句话 “These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers’ health.” 可知，一些亚洲国家的工作压力也影响了人们的健康，故C选项正确，B选项错误，经济发展不是压力的主要原因，压力来自工作。A、D选项未提，均不选。

　　4. What’s the main subject of the passage?

　　A. Stress attacking health. B. How to deal with stress.

　　C. A survey on working stress. D. Health problems around the world.

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题考查文章的主题。全文揭示了在美国，欧洲，亚洲人们的工作压力对健康造成了威胁，故答案为A。

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier. While this may seem a little concern, it is in fact a significant environmental problem. The shortened hibernation period could actually lead to significant declines in the population of several species.

　　Some of the first concrete evidence of the phenomenon came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological lab have been observing marmot(旱獭)hibernation behavior since the 1970s. In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May. Nowadays, however, temperatures in the area have risen by 2. 5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots wake up about a month earlier.

　　At least the marmots are still hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. In parts of the United States, chipmunks(花鼠)also skipped the hibernation period. The bears seem to have survived without losing many individuals. The chipmunks, however, were not so lucky. Many of the animals died of starvation during the winter.

　　The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether, lies with the creatures’ metabolism(新陈代谢). When the animals hibernate, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals’ heart rate slows, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake from their winter slumber, their metabolism returns to normal.

　　But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren’t as available as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get warmer, thinking it’s spring, but plants will not have got the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth. So until the plants grow, the marmots have no reliable food source.

　　Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get worse. In addition to changes in hibernation patterns, some believe that other animals will also begin to change their migration patterns or begin to give birth earlier. For many biologists, that’s a scary prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said, “I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species. ”

　　【文章大意】全球变暖带来的连锁反应是多方面的, 其中之一就是导致一些冬眠动物的冬眠期缩短, 这会给这些动物带来巨大的影响。

　　1. What is the viewpoint of the writer?

　　A. Global warming will continue to get worse as time goes on.

　　B. Global warming will lead to shortened hibernation of some animals.

　　C. Shortened hibernation will result in declines in the population of animals.

　　D. Some animals will skip hibernation altogether.

　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话可知答案为C。

　　2. The writer sets the example of the marmot so as to　.

　　A. explain that global warming influences animals’ hibernation

　　B. indicate that the weather gets warmer and warmer now

　　C. show that the weather in the United States is quite different

　　D. say some animals do not hibernate now due to warm weather

　　【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知作者是想借这个例子来说明全球变暖使得动物的冬眠期缩短了。

　　. The underlined word“slumber”in the fourth paragraph means“　”.

　　A. weatherB. activityC. nestD. sleep

　　【解析】选D。词义猜测题。联系本句中的awake from可知答案为D项。

　　. Why can’t marmots find enough food when they wake up?

　　A. Because there are too many marmots in the wild now.

　　B. Because plants haven’t received enough sunlight for spring growth.

　　C. Because winter days end much earlier than before.

　　D. Because more and more animal species skip hibernation now.

　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的but plants will not have got the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth可知答案为B项。

　　9. Terry Root holds a(n)　attitude towards the future of animals.

　　A. optimistic

　　B. doubtful

　　C. pessimistic

　　D. sensitive

　　【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species. 可以看出他是持悲观态度。

　　阅读理解 (2014·合肥模拟)

　　In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, self-help books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.

　　Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10-year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.

　　“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isn’t well appreciated, ”said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. “There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological well-being than family relationships. ”

　　Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.

　　It isn’t entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels.

　　Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.

　　The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.

　　“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to, ”said Karen A. Roberto, director of the center for gerontology(老年医学)at Virginia Tech. “Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better. ”

　　【文章大意】如何保持身心健康? 相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的, 很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素——友谊。

　　1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A. People should make friends as many as possible.

　　B. Friendships do great good to human health.

　　C. People with friends have an optimistic attitude.

　　D. Several studies have been done on friendships.

　　【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. People haven’t attached importance to friendships.

　　B. A friend can replace doctors and self-help books.

　　C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels.

　　D. People who have friends tend to be fat.

　　【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段可知, 人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均与原文信息不符。

　　3. The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that　.

　　A. students should climb the steep hill with friends

　　B. it takes a long time to make friends

　　C. a friend in need is a friend indeed

　　D. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty

　　【解析】选D。推理判断题。倒数第二段中“The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. ”表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小, 这意味着他们面对困难能保持相对乐观的心态。

　　4. In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us　.

　　A. friendship has a strong physical effect on people’s health

　　B. we cannot be too careful when making friends

　　C. older people are likely to have fewer friends

　　D. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old

　　【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据本段开头(主题句)可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与“友谊影响身体健康”有关。

　　（2016高考英语阅读理解精练）阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。

　　It’s roughly estimated that there are 450 million disabled people in the world. No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world.The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.

　　In the United Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people: as we get older, many of us will become less mobile, hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.

　　Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form of a mental illness. All are affected by people's attitude towards them.

　　Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic? But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability not their disability that count.

　　1.The first paragraph points out that______.

　　A. the number of disabled people in India is the greatest

　　B. India has much more disabled people than Canada

　　C. there are many disabled people in the world

　　D. it is impossible to get an exact figure of the world's disabled people

　　2.The last word of the passage "count" most probably means_____.

　　A.be numbered

　　B. be included

　　C. be considered

　　D. be most important

　　3.Which of the following statements is not true?

　　A. About 10 percent of

　　people in the UK are disabled.

　　B. Even the able-bodied may lose some of their body functions when they get older.

　　C. There still exists prejudice against the disabled which results mainly from ignorance

　　D. The whole society should pay due attention to the barriers faced by the disabled people

　　4.It can be concluded from the passage that____.

　　A. both physical and metal barriers are hard to break down

　　B. we should take a proper attitude towards the disabled

　　C. we should try our best to prevent disablement

　　D. the able-bodies people will never fully understand the disabled

　　【参考答案】1-4CDCB