为什么菲律宾总统杜特尔特不信任美国

Want to know why the Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte seems to hate the U.S. so much? The roots go back more than a century but there's a more recent reason as well. For that look no farther than the Evergreen Hotel in the southern city of Davao where Duterte served as mayor for more than 20 years.

想知道为什么菲律宾总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特这么痛恨美国吗？刨根问底得追溯到一个多世纪前，但是也有一个很现实的理由。那就从杜特尔特担任了20多年市长的南部城市达沃市的万年青旅馆说起。

It's a rundown flophouse up a long flight of stairs in the middle of Chinatown. At $15 a night it's way overpriced. A sign on the wall says "Strictly No Smoking." The desk clerk warns that making bombs in the rooms is "highly prohibited" too — even though she admits with a nervous laugh that it's been done before. By an American citizen named Michael Meiring.

这是位于唐人街中央，要走长长一段楼梯的廉价破败旅店。15美元一晚显然狮子大开口。墙上有个标记：“严禁吸烟。”前台警告说，在房间里制作炸弹也是“严格禁止”的---话虽如此，她神经质地笑着承认，以前确实有人在房间里做过炸弹。那是个名叫麦克.梅林的美国人。

On May 16 2002 the self-described treasure hunter accidentally blew himself up in room 305 with an explosive device he had kept in a metal box in his room. Fe Basan then commander of the Santa Anna Police Station around the corner from the Evergreen arrived on the scene minutes after the explosion.

"There was a fire and heavy smoke in the room" Basan says. "And we saw him in the room with his leg already gone and unconscious maybe because of the pain."

2002年5月16日，一个自称是寻宝者的人，在305房间不小心引爆了他放在房间一个金属箱子里的爆炸装置。时任万年青旅店附近的圣塔安娜警局警长的铁巴三在爆炸发生后的几分钟内就赶到了现场。

“房间里着火了，浓烟滚滚。”巴三说，“我们看到他在房间里，腿已经炸飞了，可能因为疼痛不省人事。”

Basan says Meiring had been a frequent guest at the hotel but not a popular one. "He was not a friendly guy" she recalls the bellboys telling her. One who "got easily irked and didn't want to talk to anyone." A man who had given hotel staff strict instructions not to touch the boxes in his room — with reason as it turned out.

巴三说，梅林是旅店不太受欢迎的常客。“他不太友善，”她回忆起旅店服务生们跟她的谈话。这个人“脾气火爆不愿跟任何人说话。”这家伙给旅店服务员下了死命令：不许碰他房间里的一堆箱子----原因后来才真相大白。

Basan says police rushed Meiring to the hospital planning to interrogate him later. They started preparing criminal charges against him — for starters for keeping explosives in his room and causing property damage to the hotel.

巴三说，警局仓促间把梅林送到医院，准备随后再审问他。他们打算以刑事犯罪起诉他----以在房间里私藏爆炸物和毁损酒店财产为由。

Back then the island of Mindanao was a dangerous place a hotbed of separatist violence — beset by an ongoing communist insurgency and various Muslim separatist groups chafing at rule from Manila. Even today it remains dangerous. At the time of the Meiring incident there had been recent other bombings not far from Davao which made police eager to question the American.

当时的棉兰老岛是一个危险的地方，是分裂主义暴力事件的温床----一直被对抗马尼拉政策的持续的共产主义叛乱和层出不穷的穆斯林分裂主义团体所困扰。直至今天，那里仍然很危险。在梅林事件的年代，此前达沃市附近已经发生了几起爆炸事件，这让警方急切地想审问这个美国人。

But they never got the chance. Meiring was spirited out of the hospital just a day later allegedly by U.S. operatives says the former commander of military intelligence in Davao at the time who wishes to remain anonymous.

可是他们从未得到这样的机会。当时希望匿名的一位前达沃市军事情报指挥官说，梅林入院仅一天，就被据称是美国特工的人偷偷带走。

"According to the doctor he was taken by men at least four wearing FBI shirts and then he was flown from Davao to Manila in a chartered plane" the former commander says.

"医生说，他被一伙人带走，其中至少四人穿了联邦调查局制服，然后乘一家包机从达沃市飞往马尼拉。"前指挥官说。

The men persuaded the hospital administrator to allow them to take Meiring the commander says by offering the administrator a deal. Let Meiring go and they would ensure the administrator's daughter — a nurse — would get a coveted U.S. visa.

前情报官员说，这些人跟院长谈了桩交易，说服了院长让他们把梅林带走。只要让梅林走，他们就保证院长的女儿----一名护士----可以拿到梦寐以求的美国签证。

Chief Inspector Basan says someone from the embassy promised her the same thing if she allowed U.S. agents access immediate access to Meiring at Davao Doctors Hospital but she says she wasn't interested. When Duterte found out Meiring was gone Basan says he was furious.

巴三警长说，大使馆有人向她承诺了同样的事，如果她让美国特工直接和在达沃市多特士医院就诊的梅林接触，也可以拿到美国签证，但是她说她没兴趣。巴三说，当杜特尔特发现梅林已经跑掉后，大怒。

The former army intelligence commander says the mayor saw Meiring's removal as a violation of Philippine sovereignty and of his own authority. "That's the beginning of why Mayor Duterte now President Duterte hates the Americans" he says.

前军队情报官员说，市长认为梅林潜逃事件侵犯了菲律宾的主权和他自己的权威。“这就是为什么当时的杜特尔特市长现在的杜特尔特总统开始痛恨美国人的缘起。”他说。

The mayor had reason to be angry says Serafin Ledesma Jr. publisher of theMindanao Journal.

《棉兰老岛杂志》的出版商小塞拉芬.莱德斯玛说，市长发火有道理。

explosives?"

“那些非常傲慢的联邦调查局特工闯入达沃市，把一个本该接受达沃市有关部门审讯的非常重要的人给带走了。”莱德斯玛说，“杜特尔特受到了大使馆非常粗暴的对待。因为当时我们正在处理遍地出现的的爆炸案，然后发现有个美国人携带的爆炸物提前爆炸了。他为什么会出现在那个旅店？还有，他为什么要携带爆炸物？”

When NPR reached out to the U.S. Embassy in Manila to ask about the 2002 Meiring incident we received an emailed response:

"Mr. Meiring was initially treated in Davao City. Upon the recommendation of local doctors Mr. Meiring was transported to a hospital in Manila. Once in Manila doctors then recommended his medical transfer to the United States to a facility that had a more advanced burn center. ... We took no action beyond providing routine consular services to a U.S. citizen with a medical evacuation."

当国家公共电台与马尼拉的美国大使馆联系，询问2002年的梅林事件时，我们收到了以下的邮件答复：

“梅林先生起初在达沃市接受治疗。根据当地医生的建议，梅林先生转院到了马尼拉的一家医院。一到马尼拉，医生们又建议他转到美国，去一家有更先进的烧伤中心的机构治疗......除了向一位美国公民提供常规的领事服务和医疗救助外，我们没有采取其他行动。”

Press reports in Manila and Mindanao have speculated that Meiring worked for the CIA at a time when the U.S. was bolstering its military presence in Mindanao as part of the post-Sept. 11 war on terrorism. Meiring's ability to travel around Mindanao including rebel-held areas only fueled speculation here that he was part of a larger clandestine operation to destabilize Mindanao. It would be a pretext to justify Manila to allow a bigger U.S. presence in the region.

马尼拉和棉兰老岛的媒体报道推测，梅林每次都为中央情报局工作，当时作为911后反恐行动的一部分，美国正加强其在棉兰老岛的军事存在。梅林有能力游走在棉兰老岛，甚至包括叛军控制的地区，这更加深了对其作为一个旨在制造棉兰老岛不稳定势态的更大秘密行动的成员的怀疑。这样美国就有借口说服马尼拉，加强在该地区的存在。

"I cannot say that's right but I cannot also say that it's wrong" says the former army intelligence officer. "Maybe because he was a 'treasure hunter' and had maps maybe that's the cover story of his true intention here."

“我没法说这是对的，但是我也没法说那是错的，”前军队情报官员说。“也许因为他是一个寻宝者，带着地图，也许这是他到这里的真实意图的封面故事。”

treasure hunter as he claims to be."

棉兰老岛杂志的莱德斯玛说的更直接“他被联邦调查局特工带走的事实告诉你，他根本不是自己宣称的寻宝者。”

Duterte has suggested much the same thing and cited the incident to explain his decision in 2013 not to allow the U.S. military to operate drone flights out of Davao.

杜特尔特更趋于引用2013不允许美军操作无人机飞跃达沃这件事来对自己的决定做解释。

The Meiring case is one reason for Duterte's mistrust of the U.S. — the main reason according to most — but not the only one. His sense of grievance goes back even further into the past to history dating back to the U.S. colonial rule of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946.

Meiring（译者注：一位名叫梅令（Michael Terrence Meiring）的英国裔美国人，在涉嫌引爆一枚藏匿在达沃市长荣酒店（Evergreen Hotel）的炸弹后潜逃出境。直到今天，杜特尔特都还认为梅令是在美国联邦调查局介入下才脱逃成功）案是杜特尔特不相信美国的一个原因-这是主要的原因但是不是唯一的原因，他的不满可以回溯至更远的过去-美国1898至1946年对菲律宾的殖民统治。

"He's not against the American people. But more the policy" says Davao journalist Editha Caduaya who has known Duterte for decades. He is angry she says about "the injustice done to the Moros" the Muslims of Mindanao. Why? "Because his mother has roots from the Muslim settlers of Mindanao."

达沃记者Editha Caduaya 说：“几十年来杜特尔特他并不反对美国人民，而是美国的政策”。她说：”对于摩洛族这些棉兰老岛的穆斯林的不公平遭遇他很愤怒，为什么？”因为他的母亲有来自棉兰老岛的穆斯林移民根源。

Duterte is particularly incensed Caduaya says about the alleged massacre of hundreds of Moro Muslims including women and children by U.S. troops on the island of Jolo in 1906. Duterte circulated pictures from that era to his fellow heads of state at last month's ASEAN summit in Laos.

杜特尔特对于Caduaya 说的美军于1906年在Jolo岛上对包括妇孺在内的上百摩罗族穆斯林的屠杀很愤怒。他在上个月在老挝举行的东盟首脑会议上给其他国家的与会首脑们传阅了那个时代的图片。

"When he recalls that incident" Caduaya says "he usually rants."

“每当他想起这件事情”Caduaya 说 “他通常会发脾气”

Taken together the Meiring incident and the history of U.S. involvement in Mindanao help explain Duterte's mistrust of the U.S. and his profane language in reaction to what he sees as U.S. lecturing about alleged human rights violations in his ongoing war on drugs in which at least 3600 people have been killed.

梅林事件加上美国在棉兰老岛的黑历史，帮助解释了杜特尔特对美国的不信任以及他用脏话回应美国说教他的毒品战争侵犯人权，已经有至少3600人在毒品战争中被杀。

Even so Duterte says he still values the U.S.-Philippine relationship. He just wants the U.S. to stay out of the Philippines' domestic afairs. Another round of joint U.S.-Philippine Marine exercises went ahead this month though Duterte suggested they may be the last.

即使如此，杜特尔特说他仍然珍视美菲关系。他只是不想让美国干涉菲律宾内政。这个月美菲海军又进行了一轮联合军演，尽管杜特尔特暗示这可能是最后一次了。

As for Meiring the alleged treasure hunter — he died in the U.S. in 2012. There's still a warrant for his arrest in Davao.

至于所谓的寻宝者梅林--他与2012年死于美国。 达沃市到现在仍然有一个针对他的逮捕令。