1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;
定语从句分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准:1)从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2)从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句:
The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)
The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)
解析:第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不那去掉,否则意思不完整。
定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;
例句:
1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.
有人要和你讲话。
2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.
那些赞成计划的举起了手。
3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
解析:例句中somebody、those是代词,novel是名词,是被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词,可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。
定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;
定语从句都在先行词之后,连接定从和先行词的词,叫做关系词。关系词有两类:关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点:1)它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词,2)关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。
例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。
解析:who=boys , 在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用are。
例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。
解析:which=game, 在定语从句中做主语。
例句 3)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。
解析:when是关系副词=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语。
例句 4)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了。
解析:where是关系副词=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语。
例句 5)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。
解析:why是关系副词=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语。
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