与我们的汉语相比,英语最为明显的一个特征就是随着时态不断变化的动词形式。以过去时为例,汉语只有用一个“了”或者“过了”就可以表示,如“我吃过饭了”。但英语必须以“I had a meal”或者是“I have had a meal”来表示。因此,英语中,我们往往要根据事件发生的时间来判断句子时态,从而确定句子谓语动词的形式。一般而言,一般过去时表示过去时间。主要用来:
1. 表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态:
I went to Beijing last year. 我去年去了北京。
2. 表示过去的习惯动作:
He worked in a factory all his life. 他在工厂工作了一辈子。
然而,我们是不是就可以想当然地认为,只要句子是过去时,是不是表明该事件就发生在过去?其实不然,过去时还可以表示现在时间和将来时间。主要用于以下情况:
1. 表示委婉语气:
Could you help me? 你能帮我吗?
2. 表示主观设想:
1)用在It’s time..., I wish...和I would rather 后的that 从句中:
It is time you went to sleep. 到了你睡觉的时候了。
I wish you lived with us. 我希望你跟我们住一起。
I would rather you were not here now. 我宁愿你现在不在这儿。
2)用在某些条件句中:
If I had enough money now, I would buy you a computer. 要是我现在有足够的钱,就给你买台电脑。
If only he passed the exam. 要是他通过了考试就好了。
由上可知,在表示语气委婉或者是与事实相反的主观设想时,必须用到过去时态,即使句子中的事件并不是发生在过去,而是发生在现在或者是将来。
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