原文:She spoke with a touch of vinegar.
译文:她说话带着一点醋意。
辨析:乍一看译文一点不错,还有点文采,但实际上却是错译。此句的关键在于vinegar的隐喻含义。Vinegar是“醋”不错,但这两个中英文词只有在指那种带酸味的调料(即词的本义)时,意思才是一样的。“说话带点醋意”当然不指说话人嘴里真的带醋味儿,而是隐喻,表示妒忌(即隐含意义connotative meaning)。
然而,英语中的vinegar的隐含意义不同于汉语“醋”的隐含意义,与嫉妒无关,而是表示“不高兴”或“尖酸刻薄”。因此,原句应译为:她说的有点刻薄。
不过要注意:vinegar在美语中还有“精力充沛”的意思,如a kid full of vinegar是“一个活蹦乱跳的小伙子”。反过来,汉语的“吃醋”当然也不能译成eat/taste vinegar,而应是be jealous。有趣的是,英语文化中把“嫉妒”和jaundice(黄疸)连起来,说某人嫉妒是bejaundiced。顺便说一下,形容一个人言谈迂腐、说话酸溜溜的,英语是pedantic或priggish;a sour fellow是“一个脾气乖张的人”;the sweet andsour of life则指“人生苦乐”。
与之有关的颜色隐喻,英汉也不一样,汉语中嫉妒别人常说“得了红眼病”,而英语却说green-eyed。嫉妒被称为green-eyed monster;莎士比亚把“嫉妒”称为the green sickness。
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