限制性定语从句限制所修饰名词或代词的意义,一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清楚,甚至失去意义。而非限制性定语从句主句(句子的其他部分)关系不太紧密,对所修饰名词或代词的意思没有太大影响,把它们拿掉,句子依然很完整,它们可以说是附加上去的东西,而且通常都有逗号把它们和句子的其他部分分开。具体说来,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有以下几个方面的区别:
1. 形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
2. 作用不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整: People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
3. 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开:He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
我请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同比较:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5. 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的nt: 2.0">Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
6. 关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
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