在学习名词性从句之前,我们首先要明白一个词:复合句
什么叫复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。
一、从句的种类:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,定语从句和状语从句
二、名词性从句的连接词
1. 单纯连词
在从句中不补充当任何成分,只起到连接从句的功能。
that 没有实际意义,而whether/ if 在句子中表示“是否” 的意义。
Eg : That the prices of rice will go up is certain. (that引导主语从句,补充当任何成分)
He asked if I could come to see him this weekend.
形式主语it 代替主语从句位于句首时,常见的几种情况:
① It + adj +that 从句(大多数情况下that从句后用should+动词原形)
Adj: necessary right clear unlikely strange obvious natural important
Eg: It is necessary to learn English well.
② It +系动词+名词+that 从句
Non: a pity an honor good news a wonder a fact no wonder no surpeise
Eg: It is a fact that you are a good boy.
③ It +be + 过去分词+that从句
过去分词:said / heard/ reported/ told/ decided/suggested/thought/considered/ hoped/ announced
Eg: It is announced that the plan has been canceled.
注意:
It + be+ suggested/ advised/ ordered/ requested/ insisted/ demand+ that从句, that从句要用should +动词原形,should可以省略。
Eg: It is suggested that you (should ) spend more time in studying English .
当suggest表示“表明”时,不可以用虚拟语气
Eg: It suggests that you are an honest boy.
Insist 表示“坚持某种说法(事情已经发生过了)”,不用虚拟语气。
表示“坚持要做(事情没有发生)”,要用虚拟语气。
Eg: she insisted that I have never done such thing .
She insisted that I study abroad.
④It +动词(+宾语或状语)+that 从句
动词如: appear(显得)/ happen(碰巧)/ matter(重要)/ occur(出现)/ turn out(结果是)
Eg: It happened to me that I was away when he came.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
注意:
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said /reported?结构中的主语从句不可提前。
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
(3)It happens/occurs?结构中的主语从句不可提前。
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ?结构中的主语从句不可提前。
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely?
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