英语连词中,because,since,as 和for均有“因为”之意,表示原因,这是它们的共性。但是四个连词也有其个性。四个连词的用法具体如下:
1. Because:引导直接原因,语气最强。常用来回答why问句。
---Why is she late for school? 她为什么上学迟到?
---Because she gets ill. 因为她病了。
2. Since:
(1)表示显然或已经为人所知的理由,侧重在主句:
Since we are here now, we should try our best to finish our tasks.
既然我们到这儿了,我们应该尽全力完成任务。
(2)引导完成时态,表示“自...以来”:
Great changes have taken place in this city since I moved here.自从我搬到这里以来,这座城市变化很大。
3. As:
(1)与since意义相近,表示显而易见的理由或原因,但语气较since弱。
As you were out, I left a message. 你不在,所以我留了一张字条。
(2)随着:
As the living standard increases, we have more opportunities to enrich our daily life.
随着生活水平的提高,我们有更多机会来丰富日常生活。
(3)正如:As we all know, English is very important. 正如我们所知,英语很重要。
(4)尽管:Children as they are, they know a lot. 尽管他们还是孩子,但是懂得很多。
(5)按照...方式:Just do as I told you. 按照我说的做。
4. For: 表示推断或附加的理由,语气最弱。不可用于句首,一般位于主句后,并前面加逗号与主句隔开。
You had better comfort him, for he is very sad now. 你最好安慰一下他,因为他现在很伤心。
It must have rained, for the ground was wet. 地面湿了,一定是下过雨了。
(此处不可用because,因为是从“wet”推测出“rained”,但是也有可能是其他原因。)
因此,在语气强度上,because--since--as--for,语气依次减弱。另外,前三者属于从属连词,引导的是原因状语从句,而for是并列连词,引导的是并列句。同时,since作为连词,还可以引导完成时态,表示“自...以来”;as为连词时,还有“随着”、“尽管”、“正如”和“按照...方式”等含义。
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