17世纪的时候,英国和荷兰是死敌。因为经济利益 的纠纷,他们在1652和1674年间打了三次争夺海上霸权的战争 (Anglo- Dutch Wars,英荷战争)。
这段历史为现代英语增添了 不少跟 Dutch(荷兰的,荷兰人的)有关的表达方式。它们大 多带有贬义,折射出那个时期英国人对荷兰人的厌恶和敌视。因go Dutch go Dutch就是中文里常说的“AA制”——每个人付 自己的账,平摊费用,也叫Dutch treat。
关于这个短语,不少中 国学生存在两个根深蒂固的错误观点:一、go Dutch就是“按荷兰 人的方式(付款)”,因为荷兰人小气,所以go Dutch表示“ 各付各的,不请客”;二、go Dutch是“AA制”地道的 英语说法, 首先,荷兰人并不是真的小气(尽管AA制在那里很 普遍)
go Dutch跟接下来要介绍的其他短语一样,是英国人用 来“破坏” 荷兰人形象、对其进行“报复”的手段,不反映荷兰的 实际情况。其次,go Dutch并不是“AA制”最地道的英语表达方式 ,至少在美国不是。美国人懂go Dutch/Dutch treat的意思, 但他们自己并不常用。他们比较习惯说“split the bill'’(分 摊账单费用)。
因Dutch courage Dutch courage表示酒后之勇,也就是借助酒精力 量而表现出来的“伪”勇。举例如下: Marvin:Have you told her about your feelings?(你向她表白了吗) Trevor: Not yet . It'S kind of so any Maybe I should have a drink first.(还没呢。挺可怕的。也许我得先喝点酒壮壮胆子。) Marvin:()h,comc on . Who need Dutch courage?be a real man and tell her !谁需要酒后愚勇啊?做个真正的男人,直 接告诉她!)
Dutch comfort Dutch comfort就是通过“比上有余”的方式来“ 冷”安慰别人的话语,比如面对某人的倒霉遭遇,不说 “哎我真同情你”而说“这还不算糟糕,理论上你可以 比现在更惨”道理谁都懂。无论发生了什么倒霉事,比 起一日三餐都无法保证的灾民,或者某些成天生活在硝烟中的百姓,我们都是 无比幸运的,没什么抱怨或诉苦的资格。但人总有脆弱的时候,有时我们需要的就是朋友的一句“我理解你的痛苦”, 而不是冷冰冰的、不起实际安慰作用的Dutch comfort。
举例如 下: Elizabeth: Mark and l are over.I caught him inbed with ursula. (Mark 和我分手了。我发现他和Ursula上床。) Sheila: Welll.it could have I beenworse. At least you two weren't married.(还不算最糟糕。至少你们两个没结婚。) Elizabeth:Isthis supposemake me feel bentterYou know, I've just been throuugh trauuma. Dutch comfortissonot what l need right now.(你这么说是让我好过吗?我可是刚经历了巨大的创伤。现 在不需要冷冰冰的安慰。) Sheila: What do you expect me to say?I'm sorry to hear that ?I feel your pain?I've wared you about Mark.You wouldn't listen yo me.(你想让我说什么呢?我很抱歉听到你们分手的消息?我理解你 的痛苦?我早就叫你小心Mark这个家伙了。你就是听不进去。) Elizabeth: Dam it .why cann't you just be a friend for once? 你就不能做个朋友,无条件支持我一下啊?)
Dutch uncle Dutch uncle指批评起来毫不留情、不给批评对象任何 台阶下的严厉之人,一:般以talk to someone like a Dutch uncle的形式出现。用uncle -词,主要是为了突出此人非常严厉,教训起 别人来就像是叔叔在骂侄子/女一样,毫不留情。
跟上面那些短语稍有不同的是,Dutch uncle不完 全是贬义。虽然它可以形容“不请自来”的批评之人(即“没问意 见,就噼里啪啦说你一大堆不是”的那种人),但它也可以形容 实事求是、批评中肯的人。他的出发点是好的,只是方式太过直接 了一点。
举例如下: Deborah: Most or the judges love your dish. Frederick wasn't impressed . though.He said it was blandboringandnothing special.(大多数评委都非常喜欢你的菜。Frederick倒是觉得很一般 。他说它很平淡、乏味,没什么特别之处。) Benjamin: How dare he saV that?Who the heck (locs he think he is?(他怎么敢这么说?他以为他是谁啊?) Deborh: Well. he always talks to me like a Dutch uncle .that's just the way he is.He wasn't trying to trash your dish .He honestly thought it was nothing special(他跟我讲话也一向是这么不留情面的 。他就是这么个人。他不是故意要贬低你的菜,只是真的觉得它很 普通。)
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