语法在听说项目中的重要性经常被忽视,尤其是听力。
在听力中,通常大家重视的是词汇而不是语法,而事实是,语法知识对于提高雅思听力水平是大大有益的。
一、首先,语法有益于提高对文章的理解。
一些常用的语法表达可以有助于听者更加确切的理解听力内容,从而做出正确判断。
现在举听力中很常见的一个语法表达rather than一例。
Rather than的含义是而不是。
如I would choose to go out for a walk rather than sit in a cinema.
又如The highest continent in the world is Antarctica rather than Asia.
再如The key of listening is the combination of vocabulary as well as grammar, rather than vocabulary alone.
小结:rather than之前出现的内容是肯定的,而之后出现的内容是否定的。
再来看一道剑桥上的例题(剑桥四,第三套,第二篇)
Where does Circus Romano perform?
A. In a theatre
B. In a tent
C. In a stadium
录音:
The first is the Circus Romano from Italy. As this is a traveling circus, it follows a long tradition by performing in a marquee which is really like a canvas portable building, usually put up in a green space or car park, rather than in a theatre or stadium
分析:
录音说马戏团表演的地方叫marquee, 当然没人知道marquee是什么东西,所以要往后听,听到canvas portable building, 帆布可移动建筑,也就是帐篷,如果听不懂可以再往后听,green space or car park rather than theatre or stadium, 可见表演的场所是设在绿地或停车场,而不是剧院或体育馆。这个时候答案是最明晰的,可利用排除法去掉AC选B。
总结:
平时听力多收集一些常用语法结构,可以加强听力理解能力,如:
instead of, prefer to, not but, as well as, etc
二、同时,语法有利于加强对解题方法的使用。
主要分为以下三个方面
词性区分:关键词划分
词性区分是最基本的语法知识,关键词划分又是最基本的解题步骤,所以懂得区分词性非常重要。
关键词最重要的是三大词性,名词,动词和形容词,它们功能各不相同。
名词主要用于定位,动词主要在同意转换,形容词既用于同意转换又用于预判干扰信息。
所以不能区分词性就无法掌握基本的解题方法。
名词修辞:发现对名词隐含的限定信息
听力题目中的名词有的时候不是单一名词-single noun, 而是名词连缀-nouns in groups, 或定语修饰的名词- noun with attribute. 在后两种结构中,时常包含有隐蔽的限定信息,而这些限定信息往往对于解题是很有帮助的。
现举剑桥练习中的两例:(剑桥五,第三套,第二篇与剑桥四,第一套,第二篇)
What does the speaker say about university accommodation on campus?
1. Most places are given to undergraduates.
2. No places are available for postgraduates with families.
3. A limited number of places are available for new postgraduates.
解析:整个题目中可以发现三个非单一的名词结构。
1) University accommodation on campus. 尤其注意on campus, 不是off campus.
2) Postgraduates with families. 尤其注意with families, 不是with no company
New postgraduates. 尤其注意new, 不是current.
这三点信息在听力的过程中,对判断都会有很大的帮助。
The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in the area.
解析:这是一个填空题,定语修饰的名词出现于填空部分(填的是名词)
这里作为定语的是从句-who lived in the area. 意即local.
也就是说填空中someone who lived in the area很可能在录音中是local someone.
反应到这一点对于捕捉到答案非常有帮助,雅思中很多的in the area或from the area都习惯变成local.
3) 基本句法:发现主谓宾与从句结构
雅思听力最高难度在于关键词后置,解决这类题目,有较好的语法基础,也会有帮助,可以在读题时及时做出预判,做好准备,提高解题的稳定性。
现在举两类后置的例子。
1) 主谓宾结构
这种后置在题目中出现的基本结构是subject + predicate + object
录音中发生后置时,经常是调换主语与宾语的位置,同时改变语态(主动-被动,被动-主动)。
如剑桥六,第三套,第二篇
The price of the first class ticket includes
录音:
Youve got choices of first and second class, and theres a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of the first class ticket.
2)从句结构
这中后置在题目中出现的基本结构是. conj.
录音中发生后置时,经常是调换前后分句的内容。
如剑桥五,第一套,第四篇
Many women only think about their financial future when a occurs.
录音:
0At present, for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation.
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