雅思听力考试中的四种替换原则

　　1）. 词性的替换

　　a) 名词和动词的替换

　　e.g. According to the accommodation rules, _________ cant be changed.

　　原文:You must remember that no changes can be made to the meal time.

　　b)名词和形容词的替换

　　e.g. _________ is a necessity.

　　原文:Its necessary to protect the environment.

　　2). 数字的替换

　　e.g. Most bottle makers use about __% recycled glass.

　　原文为Er, the bottles made in most places contain about three-quarters new glass and the rest is recycled.

　　还有: a quarter=1/4=25%

　　In the 1900s=in the 20th century

　　Score=20 Dozen=12 Decade=10

　　3). 语态的替换

　　e.g.___________________ provides work for 30 million people

　　原文: 30 million people earn a living by growing coffee.

　　4). 同义词和词组的替换

　　e.g. The pressure on the coastal zone resulted from________.

　　原文: The population shift contributed a lot to the pressure on the coastal zone.

　　其它如fee-charge; permit-allow; : scientist -researcher; disadvantage-downside; sign-indication